To explore the relationship between endometriosis with menstruation as well as gestational status. [Methods] Case- group comparative trial was applied to investigate the menstruation as well as gestational status in 91 cases of endometriosis and 67 cases of non - endometriosis in the same period. [ Results ] Single - factor analysis showed that primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea were the risk factors of endometriosis. Age of primigravida and primiparity at 24 or less, times of pregnancy over 2 and the application of contraceptive device were the possibly protective factors. Unconditional logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea were the risk factors of endometriosis, and there was a positive interaction between the age of primigravida and the application of contraceptive device. [Conclusion] Primary dysmenorrhea was the risk factor of endometriosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of FNR on type Ⅲ secretion system (T3SS) in E.coli O157 ∶ H7.Methods fnr mutant was constructed by λRed recombineering technology promoted by Bet and Exo proteins using PCR products.Results Through bacterial infection assays and immunofluorescence microscopy,it was found that the adhesion ability was decreased insignificantly infnr mutant compared to the wild type ZAP198.However,the secreted proteins were reduced significantly in the mutant from the secretion profile.Conclusion The reason might be that high ClpXP protein caused by the deletion of fnr degraded GrlA resulting in the inhibition of LEE(locus of enterocyte effacement) and T3SS.

Objective To investigate the effects of shiga toxin ( Stx ) phage on the expression of type Ⅲsecretion system (T3SS) in E.coli O157 ∶H7.Methods A standard E.coli O157 ∶H7 strain, EDL933 and a natural Stx phage defective mutant of EDL 933 strain, TUV93-0 were used for this study .The expression of T3SS proteins was compared between EDL 933 and TUV93-0 strains.The expression of five operons ( LEE1-LEE5 ) was evaluated by measuring the green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in five different plasmids with LEE1-LEE5 promoters, respectively.Results The expression of T3SS proteins in TUV93-0 mutant were significantly increased than those in EDL 933 strain.Moreover, the expression of LEE1, LEE2 and LEE5 were also increased in TUV93-0 mutant.Conclusion The deletion of Stx phage might enhance T3SS expression through the regulation of LEE 1.

Objective To analyze the expression of dystrophin associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) in Duchnne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in different age groups. Methods The confirmed 24 DMD patients were divided into 3 groups according to their chronological age (children whose age between 1 to 3 were assigned to early childhood group; children whose age between 3 to 6 were assigned to preschool group; children whose age between 6 to 13 were assigned to school-age group). Several proteins from sarcolemmal muscle membrane were analyzed by immunohistocbemistry. Results The primary loss of dystrophin may lead to a secondary or completely deficiency of α-SG, β-SG, γ-SG,δ-SG, β-DG and dysferlin from sarcolemmal muscle membrane in different age groups. The expression of nNOS is completely deficient in the 3 groups, while the expression of caveolin-3 increased. Conclusions The expression of dystrophin related DGC proteins from DMD patients in different age groups showed diversed degrees of deficiency or complete deficiency. The deficiency of these proteins may occur during the embryonic period, while the increased expression of eaveolin-3 may have a relation with the regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS) in the treatment of refractory common bile duct stones after retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).Methods Data of 13 patients who underwent peroral direct cholangioscopy for refractory common bile duct stones after retrograde cholangiopancreatography at our institution from April 2012 to August 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Completion rate,side-effects and complications were summarized.Results Peroral direct cholangioscopy was successfully performed with electrohydraulic lithotripsy and stones were removed in 12 of the 13 patients.Lithotripsy and stone removal failed in one patient,though the ultraslim endoscope accessed distal common bile duct near the stone.Stones were removed directly with extraction basket under PDCS in 7 patients,and duodenoscopy was performed in 5 patients due to too many stone fragments.Stone removal was successfully completed at one time in 9 cases.Stones removal failed in 3 cases at one time because of too many stone fragments,but was successful with duodenoscopy a week later after a temporary biliary tract stenting.Andoxygen saturation decreased in one patient due to vomit during the operation.Sputum in oropharyngeal area was immediately sucked out and the gastric juice at the bottom of the stomach was also sucked by endoscopy.Oxygen saturation returned to normal levels and the subsequent operation was not affected.No aspiration pneumonia occurred after the operation.Hyperamylasemia occurred in two patients,and postoperative biliary tract infection occurred in one,but the situation was controlled after appropriate treatment.Conclusion PDOS using an ultraslim endoscopy is an effective and feasible endoscopic procedure for the refractory common bile duct stones.This study provides a new method for the treatment of refractory common bile duct stones.

Objective To improve work efficiency and safety of blood transfusion in the battlefield.Methods Polyurethanes material was adopted to construct the insulation layer.Low density polyethylene,glass reinforced plastics and low-temperature bio-chemical method also got involved in.Results The blood warmer was passive,small,easy-to-carry and mobile,whose temperature regulation was realized by the input of cold or warm water.Conclusion Being advanced and easy-to-operate,the blood warmer has a brilliant future.

Objective To improve the work efficiency and safety quality of blood transfusion remedy in field battle.Methods Low density polyethylente or glass reinforced plastics was used as raw and processed materials.The polyurethane foam was used as insulation layer.U-shape Mipor bi-pass blood-transfusion tube was used in heating.Results The apparatus is small,easily-carried,flexible and free from power supply.The temperature is regulated by the infusion of cold or hot water.Conclusion Being advanced and convenient,the apparatus has good application value.

Objective To develop an one-off multifunctional instrument for blood collection and transfusion.Methods Blood collection pipe,blood sample pipe and blood transfusion pipe were united by means of three-way pipe.Different venipuncture needles could be selected by means of different connectors.Plastic clips and connectors were used to cut off and connect pipes.It was also equipped with pipe warming apparatus,manual pipe seal apparatus and newest venipuncture needles.Results The one-off multifunctional instrument for blood collection and transfusion possessed advanced technology,convenience and good application value.Conclusion The one-off multifunctional instrument for blood collection and transfusion can be applied into blood medical service,all kinds of surgical operations,emergency care,abrupt affairs,and it meets the requirements of war-readiness and medical service for troops in different periods.

Objective To investigate the application of real-time gray-scale contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)imaging in the diagnosis of fallopian tube obstruction.Methods Forty-six females with infertility in the period of 3-7 days after menses were inspected by transvaginal CEUS,and the transmission of contrast agents in the fallopian tubes was observed.Then they were inspected by routine iodic X-ray salpingography.Later the value of real-time gray-scale CEUS in diagnosis of fallopian tube was evaluated.Results The sensitivity of CEUS indiagnosis of fallopian tubal unobstruction,obstruction and open without freely was 92.0%,87.1%,36.4%respectively;the specificity was 85.7%,96.7%,93.7%;the accurate was 89.1%,93.5%,84.7%;the Kappa was 0.78,0.85,0.16 with X-ray salpingography.The concordance was 83.7% between CEUS and X-ray salpingography.Conclusions There were no significant difference between CEUS and X-ray salpingography in diagnosis of fallopian tube unobstruction or obstruction,and the former method is safer and more convenient that is suitable to become an valuable method in inspecting of infertility.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of peroral cholangioscopy for residual stones after retrograde chalangiopancreatography (ERCP).Methods The soft-tipped guidewire (0.021in) was linked to 3-0 silk thread on the front of extraction balloon catheter outside as a guide device.After retrograde chalangiopancreato-graphy (ERCP) for common bile duct stones,extraction balloon with the guide device was sent to intrahepatic bile duct by duodenoscopy,and residual stones were observed and removed with a stone basket directly under ultrathin upper endoscope if the residual stones were small ; if the stones were large,they were crushed with electrohydraulic lithotripsy before being removed.Results The ultrathin upper endoscope were successfully inserted into hilar bile duct in 42 cases of 46 patients,and failed in 4 cases,and the success rate of insertion was 91.3％.The mean time was 11.3 min from the mouth into hilar bile duct.Stones were found larger than 4 mm in diameter in 6 of 42 patients,and stone residual rate was 14.3％.The biggest stone was 10 mm× 12 mm in diameter.Stones were found in in 2 of 27 patients after ERCP,and the stone residual rate was 7.4％.Stones were found in 4 of 15 patients after ERCP basket lithotripsy,and the stone residual rate was 26.7％.Stones were removed directly in 5 in 6 cases with extraction basket,they were crushed in 1 case by electrohydraulic lithotripsy and then removed with basket.No serious complications were observed.Conclusion The application of peroral cholangioscopy using an ultrathin upper endoscope is feasible.The method is a useful endoscopic procedure for extraction of residual stones,which helps to avoid repeated treatment.