OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effect of Poria cocos peels water extract(PWE)on liver fibrosis in rats in-duced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4). METHODS:84 rats were randomly divided into blank control group,solvent control group, model control group, positive control group (Compound biejia ruangan tablet, 0.75 g/kg), PWE low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose groups (0.9,1.8,3.6 g/kg,calculated by crude drugs),12 in each group. Except for blank control group and solvent control group(ip vegetable oil),other groups received CCl4-vegetable oil solution to reduce liver fibrosis model,ip. After model-ing,each administration group received related medicines,ig,other 3 groups received equal volume of normal saline,once a day, for 4 weeks. After administration,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the aspartate aminotransferase(AST),al-anine aminotransferase(ALT),laminin(LN),hyaluronic acid(HA),hydroxyproline(Hyp)contents in serum and reduced gluta-thione (GSH),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in liver tissue of rats;HE staining and Masson staining were adopted to observe the pathological changes of liver tissue. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,indexes of rats in solvent control group had no obvious changes(P>0.05). AST,ALT,LN,HA,Hyp contents in serum and MDA con-tent in liver tissue in model control group were significantly increased(P<0.05);GSH,SOD contents in liver tissue were signifi-cantly reduced(P<0.05);and liver tissue showed obvious fibrosis lesions. Compared with model control group,AST,ALT,LN, HA,Hyp contents in serum and MDA content in liver tissue in PWE medium-dose,high-dose groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05);GSH,SOD contents in liver tissue were significantly increased(P<0.05);fibrosis degree of liver tissue was obvious-ly relieved. CONCLUSIONS:PWE shows good improvement effect on liver fibrosis of rats induced by CCl4,which may be related to inhibiting the lipid peroxidation.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of olmesartan medoxomile, amlodipine be-sylate and hydrochlorothiazide in compound olmesartan medoxomile tablets. Methods:The desired chromatographic separation was a-chieved on a Phenomenex C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) column. With gradient elution, the optimized mobile phase consisted of ace-tonitrile as solvent A, and 50 mmol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3. 0, containing 0. 05% triethylamine) as sol-vent B. The flow rate was set at 1. 0 ml·min-1 , the column temperature was 30 ℃, the UV detection was carried out at 236 nm and the sample size was 20μl. Results:The compounds were separated well, the linearity between the peak area and the concentration was observed within the range of 4. 0-80. 0 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 9)for olmesartan medoxomile, 1. 0-20. 0 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 9)for amlo-dipine besylate and 1. 25-25. 0 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 9)for hydrochlorothiazide. The average recovery of olmesartan medoxomile, amlo-dipine besylate and hydrochlorothiazide was 99. 1%(RSD=1. 31%, n=9), 100. 3%(RSD=1. 21%, n=9) and 100. 2%(RSD=1. 06%, n=9), respectively. Conclusion:The method is specific and stable in the determination of olmesartan medoxomile, amlo-dipine besylate and hydrochlorothiazide in the tablets.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of telmisartan and amlodipine besylate in tablets. Methods:The isocratic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex C18 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase composed of 50 mmol·L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 6. 0, 0. 5% triethylamine)-acetonitrile (40:60, v/v). The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 , the detection wavelength was 254 nm, the column temperature was 30℃ and the sample size was 20μl. Results:Telmisartan could be well separated from amlodipine besylate under the conditions mentioned above. The linearity be-tween the peak area and the concentration was obtained within the range of 4. 0-80. 0 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9) for telmisartan and 1. 0-20. 0 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9) for amlodipine besylate. The mean recovery of telmisartan and amlodipine besylate was 99. 90% and 100. 52%, and RSD was 0. 74% and 1. 48%, respectively (n=9). Conclusion:The method is specific, stable and accurate in the determination of compound telmisartan tablets.

Objective To explore the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in fullterm newborns, and to assess the effect of pulmonary surfactant. Methods All full-term newboms were divided into two groups,with 50 cases in group A and 12 cases in group B. Compared to the treatment of group A,pulmonary surfactant was added to group B. The indicators of pH, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2, HCO3- were compared between the two groups.Results The cure rate was 92% in group B , which was significant higher than that of 80% in group A( t = 3. 5,P < 0. 05 ). There were 42 cases of neonatal asphyxia (68%), 36 cases of asphyxia combined aspiration pneumonia (58% ) ,19 cases of cesarean section(31% ) ,6 cases of milk aspiration pneumonia (10% ) and 3 cases of infectious pneumonia (5 % ). The AUC was 0. 80,0. 76,0. 35,0. 83 and 0.74, respectively.Neonatal asphyxia, asphyxia combined aspiration pneumonia,milk aspiration pneumonia and infectious pneumonia were associated with ARDS in full-term newborns. PaO2 in group A and B was (78. 80 ± 8. 2 ) mm Hg and (87. 20 ± 8. 30) mm Hg, respectively (t = 4. 56, P < 0. 05 ). SaO2 in group A was (89. 50 ± 5.40) % ,which was significantly lower than that of (99. 63 ± 3. 30 ) % in group B (t = 5. 78, P < 0. 05). Conclusions There are various causes of ARDS in full-term newborns.Intensive clinical observation and continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturation will be helpful to improve the efficiency of treatment Pulmonary surfactants can improve the efficiency in the treatment of ARDS in the full-term newboms.

BACKGROUND: Fresh amniotic membrane has been extensively used in treating ocular surface disease, which can inhibit fibrous tissue proliferation, inhibit neovascularization, and relieve inflammation. However, its application in treating glaucoma is rarely reported.OBJECTIVE: To explore the antiproliferative effect of fresh amniotic membrane on postoperative scar and compared with preserved amniotic membrane.METHODS: A total of 36 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. Fresh amniotic membrane and preserved amniotic membrane combined with trabeculectomy separately underwent fresh amniotic membrane and preserved amniotic membrane transplantation. The control group was subjected to trabeculectomy alone. After 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, the morphology and function of filtering bleb were checked, and the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) of surrounding tissue was determined by immunohistochemical method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fresh amniotic membrane and preserved amniotic membrane groups displayed bulged filtering bleb with good filtering function. Pathological observation showed that fibroblasts of the filtration pathway had less, but more sparse scar tissues than control group, but inflammatory infiltration was observed in all groups. The cavity of different sizes and shapes were detected in filtration pathway of control group, which was replaced by fibrous tissue hyperplasia, with a large number of fibroblasts. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of PDGF was significantly less in fresh amniotic membrane and preserved amniotic membrane groups compared with the control group, and the PDGF expression was less in fresh amniotic membrane group than the preserved amniotic membrane group. Fresh and preserved amniotic membrane can improve the filtering bleb function, reduce scar formation, and maintain the patency of filtering pathway. Moreover, the effects of fresh amniotic membrane is better than preserved amniotic membrane.

Objective To evaluate the application of interferon-γ release assay T-SPOT.TB in diagnosis and efficacy assessment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods T-SPOT.TB assay was used to determine spot-forming cells (SFCs) formed by T-cells when stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosisspecific antigens in 55 patients with active tuberculosis,14 patients with non-tuberculosis lung diseases and 12 healthy controls. Meanwhile 20 sputum culture-positive and qualitative assay-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were tested with T-SPOT.TB before and at 2-month and 6-month after treatment.Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U test were used in group comparison.Wilcoxon test was used in comparison between pre- and post-treatment.Results The positive rate of T-SPOT.TB was significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis (85.5％,47/55 ) than that in patients with non-tuberculosis lung diseases (2/14) and the healthy controls (1/12) (x2 =40.926,P ＜0.05).The SFCs of hole A in response to ESAT-6 and hole B in response to CFP-10 in pulmonary tuberculosis group were 70.00 (27.00 -125.00) and 80.00 ( 17.00 - 180.00),respectively,which were all significantly higher than those in nontuberculosis lung diseases group and the healthy controls (x2 =35.376 and 30.485,P ＜ 0.05 ).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of T-SPOT.TB in diagnosis of smear-positive tuberculosis were 88.6％,88.5％,91.2％ and 85％,while in diagnosis of sputum smearnegative tuberculosis,the sensitivity was 80％,specificity was 88.5％,positive predictive value was 84.2％ and negative predictive value was 85.2％ ( P ＞ 0.05 ).SFCs of hole A and hole B in 20 patients with sputum culture-positive and qualitative assay-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were 75.50 (41.25 -116.25 ) and 56.25 ( 105.00 -225.00) before the treatment.After 2-month antituberculosis treatment,the SFCsofhole A and hole B were 41.0 (18.0-68.75) and 72.50 (42.25- 158.75),which were significantly lower than those before treatment (Z =- 3.213 and - 3.622,P ＜ 0.05 ).Ater 6-month antituberculosis treatment,the SFCs of hole A and hole B were 25.00 (5.75 - 52.25) and 55.00 (6.25 -122.50),which were significantly lower than those before and 2-month after antituberculosis treatment (vs.before treatment:Z =- 3.921 and - 3.923,P ＜ 0.05 ; vs.2-month antituberculosis treatment:Z =- 3.926 and - 3.884,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions T-SPOT.TB assay possess satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of tuberculosis infection,especially for sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis.It is also of value in monitoring antituberculosis treatment.

AIM: To study the electrophysiological effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the pacemaker cells in guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract under the condition of ischemia/reperfusion ( I/R) .METHODS:The spontaneous slow action potentials of guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract were recorded by conventional intracellular microelectrode technique.The effects of NO donor sodium nitroprusside ( SNP) on the spontaneous slow action potentials under normal or I/R condition were investigated.RESULTS:SNP at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100μmol/L but not 1000μmol/L signif-icantly increased velocity of diastolic depolarization ( VDD) and rate of pacemaker firing ( RPF) , SNP at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1 000μmol/L notably increased maximal diastolic potential (MDP), amplitude of action potential (APA) and maximal rate of depolarization ( Vmax ) , shortened 50%and 90%of the duration ( APD50 and APD90 ) .In ischemia 10 min group, VDD and RPF were significantly decreased, APA and Vmax were notably increased, and APD50 and APD90 were markedly lengthened compared with control group.In reperfusion 10 min group, VDD and RPF were significantly in-creased, MDP and APA were notably decreased, and APD50 and APD90 were markedly shortened compared with I 10 min group.In reperfusin 10 min group, the pacemaker activity was always irregular.In reperfusion 10 min group, the parame-ters of spontaneous slow action potentials restored to the levels of control group except for VDD and Vmax .In 1, 10 and 100 μmol/L SNP+R groups, VDD and RPF were significantly increased than in ischemia 10 min group .In 1, 10, 100 and 1 000 μmol/L SNP+R groups, APA, APD50 and APD90 were restored to the levels of control group.CONCLUSION:SNP significantly increases the spontaneous activity of left ventricular outflow tract, and relieves the effects of I/R on the sponta-neous slow action potential markedly.

Objective To observe the effects of Qingre Paidu Capsule on NF-κB and IL-1βin acute gouty arthritis model rats induced by monosodium urate crystals (MSU);To explore its preventive and therapeutic mechanism for acute gouty arthritis. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, diclofenac sodium group, and Qingre Paidu Capsule high, medium and low dose groups. Rats in different treatment groups were given corresponding medicines by gavage for 7 days. On the fifth day, after 1 hour of gastric perfusion, acute gouty arthritis rat model was established by MSU injection in ankle joint cavity. All rats were sacrificed and materials were taken 48 h after the model was established. The morphological changes in the synovial tissue of ankle joint were observed by light microscope. The expression levels of NF-κB and IL-1β in the articular leachate were monitored by ELISA. Results The expression levels of NF-κB and IL-1βin the articular leachate of Qingre Paidu Capsule each dose group and diclofenac sodium group were obviously lower than the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Histopathologic examination revealed that Qingre Paidu Capsule could abate tissue swelling of ankle joints, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration of synovial tissues and improve the pathologic changes of the hyperplasia of synovium and so on. Conclusion Qingre Paidu Capsule play the anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting the expressions of NF-κB and IL-1βin articular tissue of rats.

Objective To study the clinical application effect of Xuebijing Injection in the treatment of capillary leak syndrome.Methods One hundred patients with capillary leak syndrome in our hospital from January 2013 to April 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and observation group according to the ID number of admission.The two groups were given the Western medicine routine therapy of capillary leak syndrome.The observation group was simultaneously given Xuebijing Injection.The APACHE II score,Mashall score and hemodynamics were compared between the two groups.The disease condition change was dynamically observed.Results The APACHE II score and Mashall score before and after treatment in the observation group were significantly suprior to those in the control group(P<0.05);the peripheral blood circulating endothelial cells (CEC) number at admission in the two groups were higher than the normal level,the CEC content after taking the treatment was gradually decreased (P<0.05),but the CEC content decrease in the observation group was less than that of the control group (P<0.01);were observed before and after the treatment group APACHE II and Mashall score was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05);but the CEC content in the observation group was significnatly superior to the control group(P<0.01);the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),TNF alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Using Xuebijing Injection in treating capillary leak syndrome can effectively protect the vascular endothelial cells,improves the living quality of patients and can be popularized and applied in clinical treatment.

0.05);the main infection site was lower respiratory tract(61.97%),followed by surgical site infection(SSI)(23.94%).CONCLUSIONS In order to reduce postoperation nosocomial infection rate,we should take following measures:Improve pulmonary function,remove tracheal intubation as early as possible,shorten lasting time of surgery and days before operation,keep aseptic technique,strengthen nursing,enhance immunity,and use antimicrobial agents reasonably.