The bioactivity tests showed that the induce resistance of oligochitosan was close relation with its degree of polymerization (DP) and its degree of deacetylation (DDA), the oligochitosan with low DP and high DDA has high induce resistance. In this paper, we used HPLC method and TOF-MS method detecting the DP and DDA of oligochitosan.

Objective To evaluate the effects of TAT-heme oxygenase-1 (TAT-HO-1) fusion protein on liver injury in rats undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods Adult male Lewis (inbred) rats (aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 180-230 g) were used as donors and Brown Norway rats (aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 180-230 g) as recipients.The recipient rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=6 each) using a random number table:OLT group and TAT-HO-1 group.The livers were harvested according to the method described by Kamada.In OLT group,the donor livers were flushed and preserved with 4 ℃ HTK solution,while the livers were flushed and preserved for 6 h with 4 ℃ HTK solution containing TAT-HO-1 50 μg/ml in group P.Blood samples were obtained at 7 days after transplantation for measurement of activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum.Hepatic specimens were obtained at 7 days after transplantation and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for examination under light microscope.Rejection activity index was calculated according to Banff criteria.The contents of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-6 in liver tissues were determined using ELISA.Kupffer cells were isolated and cultured for 48 h to determine the levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-6 in culture medium.Results Activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum,rejection activity index and levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-6 in liver tissues and culture medium of Kupffer cells were significantly decreased,and the pathological changes of livers were mitigated in group TAT-HO-1 as compared to group OLT.Conclusion TAT-HO-1 fusion protein applied during cold storage of donor livers can attenuate liver injury in rats undergoing OLT.

OBJECTIVE To know the basic situation of nosocomial infection control and management in all levels of hospitals in Anhui Province,and provide the theory basis for the future work.METHODS To investigate the students participating in the nosocomial infection management training class by using the questionnaire.RESULTS There were altogether 273 people from 217 hospitals accepting the investigation.From 217 hospitals there were 46 1st grade hospitals and 160 2nd grade hospitals and 11 third graed hospitals.In all the people engaged in the nosocomial infection management,83.88% were the females and 67.03% for nursing staff,the age of 30-50 years old was 79.84%,the middle professional rank accounted for 72.53%,and 79.86% people′s record of formal schooling was the technical college and below.CONCLUSIONS The basic situation of nosocomial infection management in majority hospitals of our Province is good,but in some hospitals,the function of the structure has not certainly obtained the full display.In order to adapt the development of the nosocomial infection supervisory work,promote it to be more perfect,personnel structure,resources arrangement,and administrative offices function should give enough reconstruction and construction.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the surgical site infection(SSI)in clean surgical sites and the perioperative antibiotic usage.METHODS The incidence of SSI and the antibiotics usages in 842 cases during perioperative were analyzed retrospectively in 32 hospitals.RESULTS One case with nosocomial infection was found(0.12%).The use rate of antibiotics was 98.57%.Among 802 cases using prophylactic antibiotics,the antibiotics were given in 181 cases thirty minutes to two hours before operation.136 cases were given 24 h before operation.And 485 cases were given after operation;195 cases stopped using antibiotics after 24 h,472 cases stopped using antibiotics after 4-6 days and 135 cases stopped to use antibiotics after 7 days.CONCLUSIONS The major problem is excessive use of antibiotic in clean surgical site during perioperation,long duration of antibiotics prophylaxis,more expensive antibiotics and unnecessary combination of antibiotics,suggesting that it be important to strengthen the management of antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the effects of oligochitosan on the humoral and cellular immunity in mice.Methods Divided the mice into four groups,test groups were given ip oligochitosan at doses of 60,120,240 mg?kg~(-1) for 14 days and the control group was given(0.9%) NS. The number of haemolytic empty spots,the level of serum hemolysin,the transform rate of T lymphocytes induced by ConA,delayed hypersensitivity were measured.Results Compared with the control group,indices including the number of haemolytic empty spots,the level of serum hemolysin,the transform rate of T lymphocytes induced by ConA,spleen ratio,ears swelling degree increased obviously in the dose of 120mg?kg~(-1) after two weeks of treatment.Conclusion Proper dose of oligochitosan can enhance the specific humoral and cellular immunity in mice.

AIM:To study the electrophysiological effects of amiodarone on the pacemaker cells in guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract under the conditions of hypoxia,acidosis and treatment with epinephrine.METHODS:The action potentials of the pacemaker cells in guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract were recorded by conventional intracellular microelectrode technique.The effects of amiodarone on the spontaneous slow response potentials were investigated under the conditions of hypoxia,acidosis and treatment with epinephrine.RESULTS:(1) Amiodarone at concentration of 0.1 ?mol/L markedly decreased the rate of pacemaker firing (RPF) and maximal diastolic potential (MDP),lengthened 80% of the duration of action potential (APD80).Amiodarone at concentration of 1 ?mol/L significantly decreased the velocity of diastolic depolarization (VDD) and RPF,the maximal rate of depolarization (Vmax),MDP and amplitude of action potential (APA),lengthened 50% of the duration of action potential (APD50) and APD80.Amiodarone at concentration of 10 ?mol/L led to a significant decrease in VDD and RPF,Vmax,MDP and APA,a notable lengthening in APD50 and APD80 was also observed.(2) Under the condition of hypoxia and perfusion with deprived glucose content for 15 min,VDD,RPF,MDP,Vmax and APA decreased significantly,APD50 was shortened notably.Under the condition of hypoxia,amiodarone at concentration of 1 ?mol/L significantly decreased VDD,RPF and Vmax,increased MDP,lengthened APD50 and APD80 as compared to the cells treated with hypoxia only.(3) Perfusion with pH 6.8 solution for 10 min,VDD and RPF significantly decreased,Vmax and APA notably reduced,APD80 was markedly shortened.Under the condition of acidosis for 10 min,amiodarone significantly decreased VDD,RPF,MDP and APA,lengthened APD50 and APD80 as compared to the cells under the condition of acidosis only.(4) Perfusion of epinephrine at concentration of 10 ?mol/L for 10 min resulted in a significant increase in VDD,RPF,Vmax,MDP and APA,a notable shorting in APD50 and APD80 was also observed.Compared to 10 ?mol/L epinephrine group,1 ?mol/L amiodarone+ 10 ?mol/L epinephrine significantly reduced VDD,RPF,Vmax,MDP and APA,lengthened APD50 and APD80.CONCLUSION:Amiodarone markedly decreases the autorhythmicity of the pacemaker cells in guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract.This electrophysiological effects were significantly influenced by hypoxia,acidosis and epinephrine.

Objective To evaluate the Effect of dexmedetomidine on the stress reaction for awake nasotra-cheal intubation in patients with maxillofacial tumor. Methods Forty patients,which are ASA physical status Ⅰor Ⅱ,aged 20 ~ 62 yr ,BMI < 25 and scheduled for radical operation for maxillofacial tuomr ,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20 each)using a random number table:dexmedetomidine groups(group D)and mid-azolam group(group M). MAP ,HR ,SpO2 were recorded ,and the rate of respiratory depression ,the degree of tolerance and matching and the memory to intubation were recorded. Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,MAP and HR at T1-2 and HR at T3 were increased in group M. HR were increased at T1 in group D(P<0.05). Compared with group M,MAP and HR at T1-2 and HR at T3 were decresed in group D(P<0.05). The rate of respi-ratory depression in group D was decreased compared with group M ,and the degree of tolerance and matching to intubation was better in group D. Conclusion dexmedetomidine can inhibit the stress reaction caused by nasotra-cheal intubation in patients with maxillofacial tuomr ,and improve the degree of comfort and security in the process of intubation.

Objective:To explore the application effect of early-warning mode nursing in breast cancer patients undergoing transthoracic infusion port chemotherapy.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 134 breast cancer patients who were admitted to Xinyang Central Hospital were selected from January 2019 to October 2020. Using the random number table method, they were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 67 cases in each group. The control group was given routine care for complications, and the observation group was given early-warning care for complications. The incidence of complications, nursing satisfaction, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer (FACT-B) scores before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:The total incidence of complications in the observation group was 8.96%, lower than 25.37% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group in the total score of quality of life and the scores of each dimension ( P>0.05) . After intervention, the total score and scores of dimensions of quality of life of the observation group and the control group were all higher than those before intervention and that in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The satisfaction of the observation group was 98.51%, higher than 89.55% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Early-warning mode nursing of complications can reduce the incidence of complications of breast cancer patients undergoing transthoracic infusion port chemotherapy, improve quality of life of patients and increase nursing satisfaction.

Objective:To investigate the expression level and significance of peripheral lymphocyte immunity and humoral immunity in children with autoimmune encephalitis and children with mycoplasma encephalitis.Methods:From July 2018 to July 2019, 52 children with autoimmune encephalitis (autoimmune encephalitis group) and 68 children with mycoplasma encephalitis (mycoplasma encephalitis group) in Hebei Children′s Hospital were enrolled, and 43 children with mycoplasma infection who were treated at the same time were selected as control group. Serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels were detected using a fully automated biochemical analyzer, and peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets (CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+, CD 4+/CD 8+) levels were measured using flow cytometry. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the clinical differential diagnostic value of serum immunoglobulin and T lymphocyte subsets indicators for autoimmune encephalitis and mycoplasma encephalitis. Results:The levels of serum IgA, IgM in three groups had significant differences ( P<0.05); the levels of serum IgA, IgM in mycoplasma encephalitis group were significantly higher than those in autoimmune encephalitis group and control group [(1.64 ± 0.56) g/L vs. (1.23 ± 0.48),(0.82 ± 0.25) g/L; (1.81 ± 0.45) g/L vs. (1.56 ± 0.48), (1.12 ± 0.34) g/L]( P<0.05); the level of IgG in three groups has no significant difference ( P>0.05). The levels of CD 4+,CD 8+ in mycoplasma encephalitis group were significantly higher than those in autoimmune encephalitis group and control group [(31.21 ± 3.86)% vs. (28.76 ± 3.57)%, (26.58 ± 3.49)%; (26.86 ± 1.89)% vs. (25.90 ± 2.16)%, (24.71 ± 2.46)%]( P<0.05); the level of CD 4+/CD 8+ in three groups has no significant difference ( P>0.05). The areas under the curve of serum IgA, IgM, CD 3+, CD 8+, CD 4+ and five combined diagnosis were 0.971, 0.835, 0.833, 0.631, 0.706 and 1.000. The optimal critical values were 1.255 g/L, 1.465 g/L, 57.435%, 26.456%, 29.750% and 1.858. The sensitivity was 100.0%, 64.7%, 95.6%, 92.6%, 69.1% and 100.0%, and the specificity was 95.6%, 57.0%, 57.1%, 23.4%, 36.4% and 100.0%. Conclusions:The expression levels of serum IgA, IgM and peripheral serum CD 3+, CD 4+ and CD 8+ in children with autoimmune encephalitis are significantly lower than those in children with mycoplasma encephalitis, and IgA, IgM, CD 3+, CD 8+ and CD 4+ has high differential diagnosis value.

Objective: To provide high-quality clinical evidence of the efficacy of Tibetan medicine Honghua Ruyi (HHRY) pills for endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea. Methods: This study constitutes a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial encompassing a three-menstrual cycle intervention followed by a three-menstrual cycle follow-up period. A total of 164 eligible females with endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into HHRY pills and placebo groups in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome included dysmenorrhea symptoms assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and quality of life, whereas the secondary outcome measures included the maximum VAS for non-menstrual pelvic pain, duration of pain episodes (in days), frequency and quantity of the consumption of ibuprofen sustained-release capsules (or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), and days off work/study for staff/student due to dysmenorrhea, ovarian cyst, and/or pelvic nodule size. The safety was monitored throughout the treatment period. All the analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle. For continuous outcomes, simple or multiple linear regressions were used to estimate the differences between the HHRY pills and placebo groups, with categorical data expressed as the number and percentage of occurrences. Differences were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The predefined analysis was adjusted for concomitant treatment, a variable considered to be associated with outcomes but unaffected by treatment allocation. Estimates of treatment effects were reported with 95% confidence intervals. Two-tailed P values ≤ .05 were considered statistically significant. Conclusion Positive results from this trial, upon completion would provide robust evidence for the efficacy and safety of HHRY pills in treating dysmenorrhea in patients with endometriosis.