OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inhibitory effect of astragalus polysaccharide(APS)on the proliferation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS:After the cells were cultured with 0(blank control),25,50 and 100 mg/ml APS for 6,12 and 24 h,MTT method was used to determine cell viability and calculate inhibition rate. Following cell cultured with 0 (blank control),25,50 and 100 mg/ml APS for 24 h,Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining was performed,and then cell nucleus morphology was observed under the fluorescence microscope;flow cytometer was used to detect the distribution of cell cycles and apoptosis;western blot was employed to determine the expression of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1/2 protein in cells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to determine the contents of interleukin 2 (IL-2),IL-6 and IL-12 in the cells. RESULTS:Compared to the blank control,those cultured with 100 mg/ml APS for 6 h,50 and 100 mg/ml APS for 12 h and 25,50 and 100 mg/ml APS for 24 h demonstrated higher inhibition rate. After the cells were cultured with 50 and 100 mg/ml APS for 24 h,those in G0/G1 phase increased and those in G2/M and S phases decreased,and the contents of IL-2 and IL-6 increased. After cells were cultured with 25,50 and 100 mg/ml APS for 24 h,the apoptosis rate was higher,densely hyperchromat-ic fragments in cell nuclei and apoptotic bodies appeared,the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 protein in the cells was lower,and the content of IL-12 was higher. There was statistically significance (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:APS can inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells by arresting cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis through a mechanism which may be correlated to the decrease in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and increase in cytokine.

This study aimed to develop the calculation method of pre-hospital emergency physician allocation gap and apply it to Shanghai.In order to reduce the ambulance dispatch lag frequency, through the analysis of its da-ta in the Shanghai urban area, the research group obtained the gap and extended the data to Shanghai city.The peak method establishes the association between pre-hospital emergency physician increment and the ambulance dispatch lag decrement.Based on descriptive statistics, the peak method by which the Shanghai ambulance dispatch lag data were analyzed uses the SAS programming software.This method of using programming software provides it with good reliability and validity.After an increase of 40 duty vehicles (381 pre-hospital emergency physicians), the ambu-lance dispatch lag ratio would drop from 25.61 percent to 0.22.Therefore, the association between the pre-hospital emergency physician increment and the ambulance dispatch lag decrement was established and can provide a scientif-ic evidence for the policy formulation.

It is difficult to diagnose and treat local recurrence of the rectal cancer after operation. The early diagnosis is crucial for the recurrence of rectal cancer after operation. MSCT perfusion imaging is valuable in the diagnosis of recurrence of rectal cancer after operation. The application of MSCT perfusion imaging following rectal cancer operation was reviewed in this article.

Objective:To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in medical school undergraduates, in order to provide reference to promote their mental health.Methods:Adopting stratified and cluster sampling method, 883 undergraduates from Xi ′an Medical College were selected and surveyed on March 9-16, 2020 by general condition questionnaire, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Results:The total score of PCL-C was (24.34 ± 8.12) points, (7.19 ± 2.61) points for re-experiencing symptoms, (9.87 ± 3.49) points for avoidance symptoms, and (7.28 ± 2.85) points for arousal symptoms. The incidence of PTSD was 8.2% (72/883). The scores of PTSD symptoms were higher in grade four students and whose coping tendency was negative, (26.37 ± 9.26) and (26.49 ± 9.48), respectively ( F value was 3.065, P<0.05; t value was -9.357, P<0.001). Positive coping scores were negatively correlated to PTSD symptoms ( r value was -0.130, P<0.001), while negative coping scores were positively correlated to PTSD ( r value was 0.244, P<0.001). Medical students with strong professional attitude had lower PTSD scores (23.23 ± 6.92)( F value was 21.650, P<0.001) and lower negative coping scores (8.21 ± 4.65) ( F value was 6.567, P<0.001). Conclusions:The incidence of PTSD was 8.2% in medical school undergraduates, whose severity was related to grade and coping tendency. Appropriate crisis intervention should be taken among medical students to improve their positive coping style, strengthen their professional identification and promote their mental health.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of lysophosphatidic acid ( LPA ) in stimulating invasion and metastatic colonization of ovarian cancer cells. Methods The metastatic ability in vivo of ovarian cancer SK?OV3, HEY, OVCAR3, and IGROV1 cells was determined in tumor?bearing nude mouse models. Matrigel assay was used to detect the changes of response in vitro of ovarian cancer cells to LPA after Rac( -) or Rac( +) adenovirus treatment. LPA?induced Rho GTPase activation was detected by GST?fusion protein binding assay. Results The peritoneal metastatic colonization assay showed overt metastatic colonization in mice receiving SK?OV3 and HEY cell inoculation, indicating that they are invasive cells. Metastatic colonization was not detected in animals receiving OVCAR3 and IGROV1 cells, indicating that these cells are non?invasive cells. In the matrigel invasion assay, exposure to LPA led to a notably greater migratory response in metastatic SK?OV3 and HEY cells (Optical density:SK?OV3 cells:0. 594 ± 0. 023 vs. 1. 697 ± 0. 049, P<0. 01; HEY cells:0. 804 ± 0. 070 vs. 1. 851 ± 0. 095, P<0. 01). But LPA did little in the non?metastatic OVCAR3 and IGROV1 cells (Optical density A:OVCAR3 cells:0. 336 ± 0. 017 vs. 0. 374 ± 0. 007, P >0. 05;IGROV1 cells: 0. 491 ± 0. 036 vs. 0. 479 ± 0. 061, P >0. 05). LPA migratory responses of ovarian cancer cells were closely related to their metastatic colonization capabilities (r=0.983, P<0.05). Rac( -) blocked the LPA response of invasive SK?OV3 and HEY cells (LPA?induced fold increase of cell migration:SK?OV3 cells:2. 988 ± 0. 095 vs. 0. 997 ± 0. 100,P=0. 01; HEY cells:2. 404 ± 0. 059 vs. 0. 901 ± 0. 072, P=0. 01). But Rac( +) confered the non?invasive cells with LPA response and invasion capability ( LPA?induced fold increase of cell migration: OVCAR3 cells:1. 072 ± 0. 080 vs. 1. 898 ± 0. 078,P <0. 01; IGROV1 cells: 1. 002 ± 0. 044 vs. 2. 141 ± 0. 057, P <0. 05). Among Rho GTPases, only Rac activation was different between ovarian cancer cell lines with different metastatic capability after LPA stimulation: Cdc42 could not be activated in both the invasive and non?invasive cell lines. RhoA could be activated in both the invasive and non?invasive cell lines. Rac could be activated by LPA in the invasive ovarian cancer cell lines. However, Rac could not be activated in the non?invasive cell lines. Conclusion Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells through Rac activation.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of lysophosphatidic acid ( LPA ) in stimulating invasion and metastatic colonization of ovarian cancer cells. Methods The metastatic ability in vivo of ovarian cancer SK?OV3, HEY, OVCAR3, and IGROV1 cells was determined in tumor?bearing nude mouse models. Matrigel assay was used to detect the changes of response in vitro of ovarian cancer cells to LPA after Rac( -) or Rac( +) adenovirus treatment. LPA?induced Rho GTPase activation was detected by GST?fusion protein binding assay. Results The peritoneal metastatic colonization assay showed overt metastatic colonization in mice receiving SK?OV3 and HEY cell inoculation, indicating that they are invasive cells. Metastatic colonization was not detected in animals receiving OVCAR3 and IGROV1 cells, indicating that these cells are non?invasive cells. In the matrigel invasion assay, exposure to LPA led to a notably greater migratory response in metastatic SK?OV3 and HEY cells (Optical density:SK?OV3 cells:0. 594 ± 0. 023 vs. 1. 697 ± 0. 049, P<0. 01; HEY cells:0. 804 ± 0. 070 vs. 1. 851 ± 0. 095, P<0. 01). But LPA did little in the non?metastatic OVCAR3 and IGROV1 cells (Optical density A:OVCAR3 cells:0. 336 ± 0. 017 vs. 0. 374 ± 0. 007, P >0. 05;IGROV1 cells: 0. 491 ± 0. 036 vs. 0. 479 ± 0. 061, P >0. 05). LPA migratory responses of ovarian cancer cells were closely related to their metastatic colonization capabilities (r=0.983, P<0.05). Rac( -) blocked the LPA response of invasive SK?OV3 and HEY cells (LPA?induced fold increase of cell migration:SK?OV3 cells:2. 988 ± 0. 095 vs. 0. 997 ± 0. 100,P=0. 01; HEY cells:2. 404 ± 0. 059 vs. 0. 901 ± 0. 072, P=0. 01). But Rac( +) confered the non?invasive cells with LPA response and invasion capability ( LPA?induced fold increase of cell migration: OVCAR3 cells:1. 072 ± 0. 080 vs. 1. 898 ± 0. 078,P <0. 01; IGROV1 cells: 1. 002 ± 0. 044 vs. 2. 141 ± 0. 057, P <0. 05). Among Rho GTPases, only Rac activation was different between ovarian cancer cell lines with different metastatic capability after LPA stimulation: Cdc42 could not be activated in both the invasive and non?invasive cell lines. RhoA could be activated in both the invasive and non?invasive cell lines. Rac could be activated by LPA in the invasive ovarian cancer cell lines. However, Rac could not be activated in the non?invasive cell lines. Conclusion Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells through Rac activation.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of serum tumor markers in bone metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods The clinical data and follow-up data of 160 patients with NSCLC from March 2013 to September 2015 in Tangshan People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.According to the status of bone metastasis,the patients were divided into the observation group with bone metastasis (n =114) and the control group without bone metastasis (n =46).The positive rates and concentrations of 4 tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),carbohydrate antigen CA125,CA19-9 and Ferritin were analyzed and compared.And their sensitivities and specificities to the diagnosis of NSCLC bone metastasis were analyzed.The Youden index was calculated to capture the performance of the diagnostic test.Results The concentrations of CEA,CA125,CA19-9 and Ferritin in the observation group were (19.74 ±6.71) μg/L,(45.62 ± 19.53) kU/L,(35.89 ± 15.66) kU/L and (334.02 ± 79.43) μg/L respectively,which were higher than those in the control group [(2.36 ± 0.92) μg/L,(14.37 ± 5.43) kU/L,(15.31 ±7.22) kU/L,(122.58 ± 69.46) μg/L],and the differences were statistically significant (t =7.200,P ＜0.001;t=7.180,P＜0.001;t =6.032,P ＜0.001;t=11.152,P＜0.001).The positive rates of CEA,CA125,CA19-9 and Ferritin in the observation group were 78.95％,68.42％,52.63％ and 73.68％ respectively,which were higher than those in the control group (8.70％,4.35％,4.35％ and 13.04％),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =66.746,P ＜ 0.001;x2=53.822 P ＜ 0.001;x2 =32.193,P ＜0.001;x2 =48.975,P ＜ 0.001).The sensitivities of CEA,CA125,CA19-9 and Ferritin were 78.94％,68.42％,52.63％ and 73.68％ respectively,and the specificities of them were 91.30％,95.65％,95.65％ and 86.96％ respectively.The Youden indexes were 70.24％,64.07％,48.28％ and 60.64％ respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of multi-factorial combination were 99.17％ and 72.63％,and the Youden index was 71.80％.Conclusion Four tumor markers including CEA,CA125,CA19-9 and Ferritin were correlated with NSCLC,and combined detection has better performance of dignosis than single factor.

Objective:The paper aims at developing a method of defining and visualizing the scope of the basic medical insurance pharmacy service, and provides a new way of thinking for the designated pharmacy planning. Methods:Collecting the basic data and information on administrative divisions in the planning area taking equity and efficiency as the guidance, using ArcGIS and its function modules to define and visualize the scope of the medical in-surance pharmacy service. The procedure of issue focus, method improvement, data simulation, expert consultation, methodology perfecting were followed to define and visualize the scope. Results:Forming a whole set of operative pro-cedures of defining and visualizing the scope of the medical insurance pharmacy service based on medical resources allocation standard, and the operation commands and procedures in ArcGIS were clarified. Conclusion:Operating ac-cording to the appropriate method steps, the following can be achieved:(1) The adjacent scope of medical insurance pharmacy service are adjacent to each other but do not overlap or cross;(2) Spatial relations can be clearly and ef-fectively expressed;(3) The shape is flat and regular;(4) The data collected at different times can be comparable in space, providing good prerequisites for medical insurance designated pharmacy planning.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanisms of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in stimulating invasion and metastatic colonization of ovarian cancer cells.

METHODSThe metastatic ability in vivo of ovarian cancer SK-OV3, HEY, OVCAR3, and IGROV1 cells was determined in tumor-bearing nude mouse models. Matrigel assay was used to detect the changes of response in vitro of ovarian cancer cells to LPA after Rac(-) or Rac(+) adenovirus treatment. LPA-induced Rho GTPase activation was detected by GST-fusion protein binding assay.

RESULTSThe peritoneal metastatic colonization assay showed overt metastatic colonization in mice receiving SK-OV3 and HEY cell inoculation, indicating that they are invasive cells. Metastatic colonization was not detected in animals receiving OVCAR3 and IGROV1 cells, indicating that these cells are non-invasive cells. In the matrigel invasion assay, exposure to LPA led to a notably greater migratory response in metastatic SK-OV3 and HEY cells (Optical density: SK-OV3 cells: 0.594±0.023 vs. 1.697±0.049, P<0.01; HEY cells: 0.804±0.070 vs. 1.851±0.095, P<0.01). But LPA did little in the non-metastatic OVCAR3 and IGROV1 cells (Optical density A: OVCAR3 cells: 0.336±0.017 vs. 0.374±0.007, P>0.05; IGROV1 cells: 0.491±0.036 vs. 0.479±0.061, P>0.05). LPA migratory responses of ovarian cancer cells were closely related to their metastatic colonization capabilities (r = 0.983, P<0.05). Rac(-) blocked the LPA response of invasive SK-OV3 and HEY cells (LPA-induced fold increase of cell migration: SK-OV3 cells: 2.988±0.095 vs. 0.997±0.100,P=0.01; HEY cells: 2.404±0.059 vs. 0.901±0.072, P=0.01). But Rac(+) confered the non-invasive cells with LPA response and invasion capability (LPA-induced fold increase of cell migration: OVCAR3 cells: 1.072±0.080 vs. 1.898±0.078, P<0.01; IGROV1 cells: 1.002±0.044 vs. 2.141±0.057, P<0.05). Among Rho GTPases, only Rac activation was different between ovarian cancer cell lines with different metastatic capability after LPA stimulation: Cdc42 could not be activated in both the invasive and non-invasive cell lines. RhoA could be activated in both the invasive and non-invasive cell lines. Rac could be activated by LPA in the invasive ovarian cancer cell lines. However, Rac could not be activated in the non-invasive cell lines.

CONCLUSIONLysophosphatidic acid stimulates invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells through Rac activation.

Animals ; Cell Movement ; Female ; Humans ; Lysophospholipids ; metabolism ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein

OBJECTIVE:To explore losses and gains (L&G) and L&G ratio induced by Essential Medicine System in a county. METHODS:By choosing a county in western China as sample area,field investigation was used to collect outpatient and inpatient visits,outpatient and inpatient income,drug income,total length of stay and medical insurance reimbursement criteria in primary medical institutions (township health centers,village health rooms) of the county during 2009-2015. By setting the year 2009 as the baseline year,the drug cost reimbursed by medical insurance was simulated and calculated when Essential Medicine System were not implemented;L&G and L&G ratio of medical insurance were calculated by comparing with actual drug cost reimbursed by medical insurance. RESULTS:The year 2012,in which the sample county fully implemented the Essential Medicine System was the turning year. Medical insurance funds lost in primary medical institutions of the county during 2010-2011(lost 437000,915000 yuan,respectively),but gained during 2012 to 2015(gained 199000,494000,858000,1290000 yuan, respectively);the L&G ratio increased from -0.67％ to 1.21％. For reimbursed outpatient drug cost and inpatient cost,L&G of medical insurance were different. For reimbursed drug cost of village health room and township health center,L&G of medical insurance were also different. CONCLUSIONS:The implementation of Essential Medicine System benefits to medical insurance within the county and Medical insurance funds can be saved.