Background High myopia is seriously harmful to visual function.To explore the mechanism of high myopia is significant for the prevention and treatment.Complement proteins C1q and C3 have emerged as critical mediators of synaptic refinement and plasticity,however,their effects in retina on myopia remain elusive.Objective This study was to investigate the expressions of complement factors C1q and C3 in the retina with negative lensdefocused myopia in guinea pigs.Methods The use and care of animals complied with the application of Peking Union Medical College Hospital Iaboratory Animal Welfare Ethics Committee.Twelve 3-day-old pigmented guinea pigs were assigned randomly to the lens-defocused group and the normal control group.The left eyes were covered by -10 D PMMA lens for 4 weeks as the defocused eye group,and the right eyes were covered using 0 D PMMA lens in the same way as the fellow control eye group.The right eyes of the normal guinea pigs were used as the normal control eye group.The refractive diopter of guinea pigs was examined by retinoscopy.The animals were sacrificed at the fourth week and the expressions of complement C1q and C3 in the retinas of guinea pigs were detected by Western blot.Results The diptors were (-1.21±0.71)D,(+2.46±0.75)D and (+1.75±0.50)Din the defocused eye group,normal eye group and the fellow eye group at the fourth week,showing a significant difference among the groups (F=51.55,P=0.69),and diopters were insignificantly different between the normal eye group and fellow eye group (q =2.62,P=0.08).However,the diopters of the defocused eye group were significantly higher than those of the fellow eye group (q =10.92,P＜0.01).The expressions of C1q and C3 proteins in the retinas were significantly different among the defocused eye group,fellow eye group and normal eye group (C1 q:F=8.810,P =0.003;C3:F =14.490,P＜0.001),and expression levels of C1q and C3 proteins in the defocused eye group were significant higher than those of the fellow eye group (C1q:q=4.14,P=0.01 ;C3:q=4.71,P=0.005) ;while no significant differences were found between the fellow eye group and the normal eye group (C1q:q =1.61,P =0.27; C3:q =2.82,P =0.070).Conclusions The expression levels of C1q and C3 up-regulate in the retinas with lens-defocused myopic animal model.Excessive complement activation in retinas may be involved in the development of myopia.

Objective: To study the antipyretic action of Dipseudoephedrine Glycyrrhizin and its effect on heart rate and blood pressure of rats.Methods: The model of pyretic rabbit was established by diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus triple vaccine,and to observe the effect of Dipseudoephedrine Glycyrrhizin on temperature of rabbit. Two-path physiological recorder was used to measure heart rate and blood pressure.Results: The experiment proved that Dipseudoephedrine Glycyrrhizin can decrease the anus temperature of pyretic rabbit obviously.Dipseudoephedrine Glycyrrhizanate had no remarkably effect on heart rate and blood pressure.Conclusion: Dipseudoephedrine Glycyrrhizin has antipyretic action and has no effect on heart rate and blood pressure within studied dose.

Objective To evaluate the changes of cardiac function and myocardial perfusion by Gated 99Tcm-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging after autologous mesenchymal stem cell implantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction at high altitude area.Methods 33 patients with anteroseptal myocardial infarction were ran- domly divided into two groups.18 patients (control group) underwent percutaneous tranluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and 14 cases (transplantation group) received additional mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.Myocardi- al perfusion imaging were performed in all patients before and at 6 and 12 months after treatment.Results Com- pared to pre-implantation,LVEF of transplantation group was improved 8%～9%after 6 months.The improving lev- els of control group were lower.However,there were not statistical differences among all data.Conclusion Mesen- chymal stem cell transplantation could improve myocardial systolic function and myocardial perfusion.

Objective To probe the characteristics of the ultrasonography of the intrahepatic duct cystic tumor(IDCT).Methods The ultrasonography of 12 patients with IDCT was analysed.The results were compared with the operation and pathology.Two of them were intraductal papillary adenomas,six were papillary adenocarcinomas,two were biliary cystadenomas and two were biliary cystadenocarcinomas.Results The ultrasonic diagnostic rate was 75%(9/12).The bile ducts of 10 cases(83%) were cystically dilated.Seven cases(58%) with thick walls of bile ducts were all malignant.Six tumors(50%) with intraluminal papillate echoes could be malignant or benign.The tremellose echoes were detected in 7 cases(58%) and the common bile ducts of six cases were obstructed by the tremellose substance.Conclusions It is the important diagnostic basis of IDCT that the bile ducts in some liver lobal or segment are dilated without reasons,with the thick bile duct wall and the poor ultrasound penetration,especially when the bile ducts are full of tremellose substance and the papillomas are detected in the ducts.It is of significance in the clinic to raise the early diagnostic rate of IDCT by ultrasound.

The present study aims to predict the action targets of antidepressant active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan to understand the "multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways" mechanism. Using network pharmacology, the reported antidepressant active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan (saikosaponin A, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid and pachymic acid), were used to predict the targets of main active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan according to reversed pharmacophore matching method. The prediction was made via screening of the antidepressive drug targets approved by FDA in the DrugBank database and annotating the information of targets with the aid of MAS 3.0 biological molecular function software. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the Xiaoyaosan ingredients-targets-pathways network. The network analysis indicates that the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan involve 25 targets in the energy metabolism-immune-signal transmutation relevant biological processes. The antidepressant effect of Xiaoyaosan reflects the features of traditional Chinese medicine in multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. This research provides a scientific basis for elucidation of the antidepressant pharmacological mechanism of Xiaoyaosan.
Antidepressive Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzoates ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; Coumaric Acids ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flavanones ; Glucosides ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; Lactones ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Monoterpenes ; Sesquiterpenes ; Software

In recent years, root rot diseases of Chinese herbal medicine have been posing grave threat to the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry. This article presents a review on the occurring situation of the root rot disease, including the occurrence of the disease, the diversity of the pathogens, the regional difference in dominant pathogens,and the complexity of symptoms and a survey of the progress in bio-control of the disease using antagonistic microorganisms. The paper also discusses the existing problems and future prospects in the research.
Animals ; Antibiosis ; Bacteria ; growth & development ; Fungi ; physiology ; Nematoda ; growth & development ; Pest Control, Biological ; methods ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; parasitology ; prevention & control ; Plant Roots ; microbiology ; parasitology ; Plants, Medicinal ; microbiology ; parasitology

Liquid chip technology have been licensed to be used in clinic because of its advantage of high-throughput, high-sensitivity, good signal to noise ratio, reaction in liquid phase, convenient operation and short time consuming, etc. The optimization of a liquid chip system for the detection of serum biomarkers of colorectal tumour and initial application in the detection of CEA were studied. The optimized reaction conditions of liquid chip were determined through orthogonal design after it was prepared. The results showed that the consuming reaction time of the coated antibody and the antigen was 1hour. The microspheres, biotinylated detecion antibody and the consuming complexes and avidin-PE time of the microspheres and the biotinylated tested antibody was 1hour, 1hour and 15minutes respectively.the consuming time of the complexes and avidin-PE was fifteen minutes, The optimized dilution of the biotinylated tested detection antibody was 1∶300 and the optimized concentration of avidin-PE was 12?g/ml. Totally 55 clinical samples were detected by the liquid chip and by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) simultaneously and the results of the two methods were compared. The results of the two methods showed good correlation between positive and negative samples but the detection limits and the dynamic ranges of the liquid chip method were more sensitive and wider than those of the ELISA. The multiple tumour biomarkers may be detected simultaneously and the time of clinical test and manpower requirements were reduced by the liquid chip method.

Advances in mechanism and application of the heating effect in breeding of microorganism are reviewed in this paper. Heat produces mutagenesis effect and screening effect. Heating mutagenesis effect is occurred through the substitution of G-C base pair induced by heat, and heating screening effect produces higher forward mutation rate induced by other mutagens.

The purpose of this study is to explore depression metabolic markers in rat hippocampus and to investigate the anti-depressant effect of genipin and its mechanisms using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was conducted to establish the depressive rat model. At the beginning of the third week, genipin low dose (25 mg x kg(-1)), middle dose (50 mg x kg(-1)), high dose (100 mg x kg(-1)), and venlafaxine (50 mg x kg(-1)) were given to the CUMS rats separately once daily for two weeks except control and model groups. Rat hippocampus was analyzed by 1H NMR based metabonomics after drug administration for 2 weeks. Significant differences in the metabolic profile of rat hippocampus of the CUMS treated group and the control group were observed with metabolic effects of CUMS including decreasing in glycine and N-acetylaspartate, increasing in inositol, glutamate, lactate, glutamine, taurine and alanine. Genipin showed ideal antidepressive effects at a dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) in rats, decrease of inositol, glutamate, lactate, alanine were observed, while glycine and N-acetylaspartate were increased. Important influence has been found on normal nervous system function of these significant changed metabolites, which suggests that the antidepressant effect of genipin may be played by enhancing the activity of neurons in hippocampus, repairing and improving the function of the neuron. The metabonomics approach is an effective tool for the investigation of the anti-depressant effect and pharmacologic mechanisms of genipin.
Alanine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Aspartic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; Glycine ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Inositol ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Re-evaluation of bioequivalence of generic drugs is one of the key research focus currently. As a means to ensure consistency of the therapeutic effectiveness of drug products, clinical bioequivalence has been widely accepted as a gold standard test. In vitro dissolution testing based on the theory of the BCS is the best alternative to in vivo bioequivalence study. In this article, the conventional dissolution method and flow-through cell method were used to investigate the dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules in different dissolution media, and the absorption behavior of the drugs with different release rates (t85% = 15-180 min) in the gastrointestinal tract was predicted by Gastro Plus. The flow-through cell method was thought better to reflect the release characteristics in vivo, and amoxicillin capsules with regard to the release rates up to 45 min (t85% = 45 min) were having a satisfied bioequivalence with the oral solution according to the C(max) and AUC. Although two different dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules were found by flow-through cell methods, prediction results revealed that domestic capsules were probably bioequivalent to each other.
Amoxicillin ; pharmacokinetics ; Capsules ; Computer Simulation ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Software ; Solubility ; Therapeutic Equivalency