Objective: To learn the epidemiological characteristics of infectious disease related public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2018 for the prevention and control. Methods: The surveillance data was extracted from National Public Health Emergency Management Information System. Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze main diseases as well as distribution characteristics of time and places. Results: A total of 445 events were reported, which caused 14362 cases and 34 deaths, with a attack rate of 0.69% and mortality rate of 0.24%. There were 298 events with less than 30 cases, accounting for 66.97%. The event classification was dominated by general events ( 242 events, 54.38% ) and ungraded events ( 201 events, 45.17% ). The main diseases were chickenpox ( 134 events, 30.11% ), hand foot mouth disease ( 59 events, 13.26% ) and other infectious diarrhea ( 51 events, 11.46% ). The incidence peaked from April to June ( 129 events, 28.99% ) and from November to December ( 131 events, 29.44% ). Ningbo ranked the top in the number of reported events ( 141 events, 31.69% ). Most events ( 322 events, 72.36% ) occurred in schools. Conclusions The infectious disease related public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2018 were mainly caused by chickenpox, hand-foot-mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea. The two peaks of the emergencies occurred from April to June and from November to December. Ningbo was the main area reporting infectious diseases, and schools were the main places.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of theaflavins on thymus injury caused by total body irradiation (TBI).Methods Twenty-five C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group,4 Gy TBI group,4 Gy TBI + 25 mg/kg theaflavins group,4 Gy TBI + 50 mg/kg theaflavins group and 4 Gy TBI + 100 mg/kg theaflavins group.Thymus index and total number of thymocytes were detected at the 14th d post-irradiation to determine the optimal dose of theaflavins.According to this optimal dose,32 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,theaflavins group,4 Gy TBI group and 4 Gy TBI + theaflavins group.Thymus histomorphology,CD4CD8 T cell subsets,and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in thymocytes were examined at the 14th d post-irradiation.Results The irradiated thymus exhibited decreased thymus index and total number of thymocytes (P ＜ 0.05),aberrant histomorphology and T cell subsets (P ＜ 0.05),and increased ROS level in thymocytes (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 4 Gy TBI group,the thymus index and total number of thymocytes were significantly increased in 4 Gy TBI + 50 mg/kg theaflavins group (P ＜ 0.05).The total number of thymocytes was significantly higher in 4 Gy TBI + 50 mg/kg theaflavins group than that in 4 Gy TBI + 25 mg/kg theaflavins group (P ＜ 0.05).Therefore,50 mg/kg theaflavins was chosen as the optimal dose for subsequent experiments.Moreover,the aberrant histomorphology of irradiated thymus was alleviated by theaflavins.A decline in the percentage of CD4-CD8-T cells and an elevation of CD4+CD8-and CD4+CD8+ T cells were found in irradiated mice administered with theaflavins (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 4 Gy TBI group,the ROS level was significantly decreased in 4 Gy TBI + theaflavins group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Theaflavins exhibits a protective effect on radiation-induced thymus injury.

Objective To investigate the association of the expressions of p27 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and nuclear-associated antigen(ki-67)proteins in synovial sarcoma,and the relationship with its prognosis.Methods The expression of p27,PCNA and ki-67 in 36 synovial sarcoma and 10 normal synovial tissue were immunohistochemically examined.The relationship between the expressions of p27,PCNA and ki-67 proteins in synovial sarcoma with its prognosis by clinical stage,tissue grades and prognosis was investigated.Results (1)In normal synovial tissue,the expressions of PCNA(0) and ki-67(0) were positive,p27 were positive100%(10/10).but the expressions of PCNA[86.1%(31/36)]and ki-67[69.4%(25/36)]in most synovial sarcoma were positive,p27 were negative[11.1%(4/36)],significant differences were found among these expressions(χ2=25.16,χ2=9.18,P＜0.05).(2) p27 positive-expression correlated significantly wiht thehistological grade of synovial sarcoma(χ2=9.19,P＜0.05)and prognosis(χ2=5.98,P＜0.05).The positive expressions of PCNA and ki-67 were positively related with the clinical stage(χ2=7.40,χ2=8.12,P＜0.05)and tissue grades(χ2=7.17,χ2=9.18,P＜0.05)and prognosis(χ2=13.03,χ2=10.66,P＜0.05)of synovial sarcina(3) There were negative correlations between p27 and PCNA(r=-0.63,P＜0.05) and between p27 and ki-67(r=-0.53,P＜0.05).But positive correlation between PCNA and ki-67(r=0.63,P＞0.05)was found.Conclusions Expressions of PCNA and ki-67 in most synovial sarcomas are positive,and that of p27 is negative,each plays an important role in the proliferation of synovial sarcoma.Combination of measuring of the p27,PCNA and ki-67 is valuble in predicting the prognosis.

To compare the chemical change of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA) after vinegar-baking processing, as well as the effect of vinegar types exerted on the processing, 1H NMR-based metabolomic approach combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate the different metabolites between the raw and two vinegar-baked PRA. More than thirty metabolites were identified in the 1H NMR spectrum of PRA, and the multivariate statistical analysis showed that raw and two vinegar-baked PRA could be separated obviously. After vinegar-baking, the contents of isoleucine, lactate, alanine, arginine, albiflorin, and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) elevated, while those of sucrose, paeoniflorin and its analogues (calculated by benzoate) decreased. The chemical compositions of two vinegar-baked PRA were also different. Shanxi vinegar- baked PRA showed higher levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, and albiflorin, while rice vinegar-baked PRA contained more sucrose and paeoniflorin's analogues (calculated by benzoate). And the chemical changes in Shanxi vinegar-baked PRA were greater than those of rice vinegar-baked PRA. The results revealed the chemical differences between raw and vinegar-baked PRA, as well as the influence of vinegar type on processing, in a holistic manner, the results obtained suggested that the correlations between the chemical change and the drug action after processing, as well as the vinegar type used in processing, should be further studied.
Acetic Acid ; Benzoates ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; Cooking ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Furaldehyde ; analogs & derivatives ; Glucosides ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Monoterpenes ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is defined as the electron reduction product of oxygen with high reactivity which can maintain normal physiological functions and redox homeostasis. The tumor microenvironment is in a state of oxidative stress. ROS can affect multiple processes of tumor immune response by modulating the phenotype and functions of tumor cells and immune cells. With the rapid development of immunology, ROS-based tumor immunomodulation has been widely concerned and studied. In this review, the mechanism of ROS participating in tumor immune response is elaborated. Meanwhile, the research process and application of ROS in tumor immunomodulation in recent years are reviewed and analyzed.

Objective: To investigate the trend of hepatitis B incidence among children under 10 years in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2020 with age, period and birth cohort, so as to provide the basis for evaluating the implementation of hepatitis B prevention and control measures for children in Zhejiang Province. Methods: Data of hepatitis B incidence among children under 10 years in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2020 were collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The trend in hepatitis B incidence was analyzed using an age-period-cohort model. Results: The incidence of hepatitis B among children under 10 years in Zhejiang Province decreased from 12.91/105 in 2004 to 0.61/105 in 2020, with a reduction of 95.24%. The incidence showed an decreasing trend with the increase of age. Compared with 2012, the risk of hepatitis B incidence among children under 10 years appeared a tendency towards a decline with time, with the period rate ratio decreased from 4.546 (95%CI: 3.322-6.220) in 2004 to 0.277 (95%CI: 0.161-0.478) in 2020. Compared with the 2008 cohort, the risk of hepatitis B incidence appeared a tendency towards a decline with cohort, with the cohort rate ratio decreased from 25.535 (95%CI: 15.105-43.166) in 1995 to 0.135 (95%CI: 0.038-0.475) in 2020. Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis B among children aged under 10 years in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2020 showed a downward trend. The risk of hepatitis B incidence decreased with increasing age and advancing birth cohort.

Objective: To examine the effect of dietary behaviors on handgrip strength loss among the elderly, so as to provide insights into the prevention of handgrip strength loss. Methods : Based on the health surveillance cohort among the elderly in Zhejiang Province, two villages or communities were randomly sampled from each of Shaoxing and Zhoushan cities using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, and all residents that had lived in local areas for one year and longer and had an age of 60 years and older were enrolled. Participants' demographics, dietary behaviors, smoking, drinking, and exercise were collected through questionnaire surveys, and the height, body weight and handgrip strength were measured. The handgrip strength loss was diagnosed according the 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment proposed by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, and the effect of dietary behaviors on handgrip strength loss was examined using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 265 residents were enrolled, with a mean age of (70.67±7.30) years, and including 565 men (44.66%) and 700 women (55.34%). The overall prevalence of handgrip strength loss was 42.85% among the participants, and the prevalence was 40.35% in men and 44.86% in women, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that nut intake for 1 to 3 times a week (OR=0.180, 95%CI: 0.088-0.367) and for 4 to 6 times a week (OR=0.241, 95%CI: 0.113-0.514) led to a reduced risk of handgrip strength loss among the elderly, and intake of sugary drinks for 4 to 6 times a week led to an increased risk of handgrip strength loss among the elderly (OR=2.298, 95%CI: 1.120-4.714) after adjustment for age, body mass index, educational level and exercise. Conclusion Intake of nuts and sugary drinks may affect the development of handgrip strength loss among the elderly.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Splints ; Ulna Fractures ; therapy

Objective To observe expression level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C),VEGF-C receptor-2 and VEGF-C receptor-3 in patients with acute leukemia (AL) and to explore its clinical significance.Methods Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum expression levels of VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 of 51 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia,43 patients under medical treatment and 16 healthy blood donors.Results (1) Serum VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 expression levels in AL patients were significantly higher than those in normal control group.(2) Serum VEGF-C and VEGFR-2 expression levels in complete remission (CR) group significantly declined after treatment.Serum VEGF-C and VEGFR-2 expression levels in non-complete remission (NR) group slightly declined after treatment but no significant difference was found (P＞0.05).(3) No significant difference was found in serum VEGFR-3 expression levels both in CR group and NR group after treatment (P＞0.05).(4) Serum VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 expression levels in NR group were significantly higher than those in CR group before treatment (P＜0.08).Conclusions Observing serum expression level of VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 of AL patients may be helpful in monitoring curative effects and prognosis of acute leukemia.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of the modified laparoscopic radical cystectomy and standard pelvic lymph node dissection for female bladder cancer patients.Methods Fortyone female patients with bladder cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC) and standard pelvic lymph node dissection(sPLND) in our hospital from June 2003 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical procedure.There were 15 patients with ≤ cT2 tumor and 1 patient with cT3 in the modified group.The average age was (62.2 ± 11.5) years.The median BMI was 20.7 kg/m2,ranging 18.4 to 22.2 kg/m2;The ASA level was less than Ⅱ in 9 (56.2％) cases and was level Ⅲ in 7 (43.8％) cases.There were 22 patients with ≤ cT2 tumor and 3 patients with cT3 in the traditional group.The average age was (60.4 ± 12.9)years.The median BMI was 21.7 kg/m2,ranging 18.4 to 23.1 kg/m2.ASA was less than level Ⅱ in 15(60.0％) cases and level Ⅲ in 10(40.0％) cases.All operations are performed under general anesthesia.In the traditional group,the plane between rectus and uterus is separated first.Then open the posterior cervical fornix and cut off the lateral bladder pedicle,cardinal ligament of uterus and urethra.The bladder and uterus are removed together.The sPLND is performed at last.In the modified group,the sPLND is performed first.Then separate the bladder and uterus until the anterior wall of the vagina can be exposed.The bladder and uterus are removed separately.Data of the operation and the complications were collected and analyzed.Results All patients were performed the operation successfully.No open conversion was recorded during the operation.No patient died during the peripheral operative phase.In modified group,10 patients received orthotopic ileal neobladder (OIN),5 patients received ileal conduit and 1 patient received ureterostomy.In traditional group,19 patients received OIN,3 patients received ileal conduit and 3 patients received ureterostomy.No significant difference of surgical method was noticed in those group.The median operative time in modified group and traditional group was 290 min (ranging 265-335 min) and 315 min (ranging 270-380 min),respectively(P ＞ 0.05).The median estimated blood loss in modified group and traditional group was 100ml (100,100) and 200ml (200,400),respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of transfusion in modified group and traditional group was 6.3％ (1/16) and 18.5％ (5/27),respectively (P ＜0.05).The incidence of early complications between two groups showed no statistically difference.No major (Clavien grade 3 to 5) complications occurred in modified group.However major complications occurred in 3 patients in traditional group,followed by 2 neobladder vagina fistula,1 ileal anastomotic stoma fistula.All those complications were cured by operation.All patients were diagnosed urothelium carcinoma.In modified group,the tumor stage included carcinoma in suit in 2 cases,pTa-pT1 in 7 cases,pT2 in 6 cases,pT3 in one case.In traditional group,the tumor stage included pT1 in 12 cases,pT2 in 10 cases,pT3 in 3 cases.The numbers of resected lymph node in modified group and conventional group were 16 (ranging 7-19) and 10 (ranging 7-13),respectively (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The modified laparoscopic radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection for female bladder cancer patients could reduce the blood loss and incidence of neobladder vaginal fistula comparing with the traditional operation.