Children with plastic bronchitis,characterized by unknown origin,insidious onset,rapid progress,severe symptom and high mortality,is a relatively rare disease.Also,it is difficult to diagnose and treat with plastic bronchitis characterized by marked airway obstruction,via the formation of large gelatinous or rigid airway cast.It is associated with certain diseases including bronchial asthma,cystic fibrosis,accompanied with acute chest syndrome with sickle cell disease,congenital heart disease and bacterial and viral respiratory infection.Clinicians should be aware of this disease,and early bronchoscopy should be intervened.

Fatigue is one of the most common complaints in cancer patients that profoundly affects all aspects of quality of life.However,cancer-related fatigue remains under recognized and poorly treated.This rcview has been conducted with the causes and potential treatments of fatigue in cancer patients.The methods for evaluating fatigue,and possible therapeutic options are also discussed.

Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a common pathological and physiological clinical oculopathy,which can occur in retinal artery and vein occlusion,diabetic retinopathy and acute angle-closure glaucoma.The resulting ischemia can cause cell metabolic dysfunction,serious retinal damage and descending visual function.RIRI is the result of multiple factors.The currently accepted hypotheses mainly include the injury effect of oxygen-derived free radicals,intracellular calcium overload,the action of leucocyte and apoptosis.However the protection and treatment research in the RIRI is limited.The present paper reviews the progression in the drug intervention of RIRI.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disorder of hematopoietic stem cells due to acquisition of somatic mutations.Somatic mutations in phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIGA) account for intravascular hemolysis and other PNH manifestations,but the pathophysiology of clonal expansion of PNH cells cannot be elucidated clearly.PNH is closely related to aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.Today,the gold standard for PNH is flow cytometry to detect the absence or severe deficiency of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on white and red blood cells.However,PNH diagnosed by phenotype is a group of heterogeneous disease in pathogenesis.Eculizumab,a first-in-class monoclonal antibody that inhibits terminal complement,is highly effective in stopping intravascular hemolysis and improving quality of life.Further research on the pathogenesis of PNH would be helpful to understand the underlying reasons for PNH phenotype cells in different patients,improve differential diagnosis and more targeted and specific therapy.Research progress in recent years will be reviewed in this article.

Objective To explore effects of spinal-epidural anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia for cesarean section anesthesia and hemodynamic maternal.Methods 122 cases of mothers for cesarean section surgery in Lyuliang Municipal People's Hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were selected,and they were divided into two groups by randomized single-blind method.The control group (61 cases) was given simple subdural anesthesia (EA),while the observation group was given CSEA.The maternal hemodynamics,efficacy of the anesthesia and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The onset time of anesthesia,maximum block level,amount of anesthetic in the observation group were (3.87 ± 0.25) min,(5.04 ± 0.41) T,(6.87 ± 0.92) mL,which were significantly reduced compared with the control group (t =8.55,8.03,6.45,all P ＜ 0.05),and the duration of anesthesia was (116.76 ± 7.89) min,which was significantly increased compared with the control group (t =7.93,P＜0.05).The MAP and HR of observation group in T1,T2,T3 showed no significant differences compared with T0 (P ＞ 0.05);while the control group of patients with the MAP at T2 had obvious reduction compared with T0 (t =8.34,P ＜ 0.05),T2,T3 compared with T0 decreased significantly (t =7.87,7.56,all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reaction in the observation group was 9.84％,which was significantly lower than 24.59％ of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.45,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The lumbar epidural anesthesia for cesarean section anesthesia had significantly fewer adverse reactions,and it can remain stable maternal vital signs,which was an ideal cesarean for section anesthesia.

The effects of cytochalasin D (CD), isolated from Engleromyces goetzii found in our country, on cells of established human esophageal cancer line (ECa-109 cell line) were investigated. It was demonstrated that CD was capable of inhibiting the growth of the cells at the concentration of 0.2?g/ml as indicted by growth curve. The action of CD, however, is reversible, and the cells will gradually grow again normally following the withdrawal of CD. The result also indicated that some proportion of the cells became binucleated or multinucleated after CD treatment. And as the duration of exposure time to CD increased. the multinucleated cells increased in number also. At the concentration of 0.5?g/ml of CD, a phenomenon of extrution of nucleus can be seen among the cells. The nucleus is departed from the cell body but still linked by a fine cytoplasm bridge (Fig. 2). The CD-treated cells bacame enucleated when they subjected to centrifugation following CD treatment. The minicells obtained from enucleation appeared to be normal morphologically with nucleoli but retained only a little cytoplasm around the nucleus. Electromicroscopic observation showed that mitochondria and tonofibrils increased after CD treatment, but we failed to find any changes of microfilaments within the cells.

An“agar-island organ culture”technique is described.It consists of both agar substratum and liquid medium in the same culture dish,so that chemicals in different concentrations can be added into the liquid portion of the medium,a convenient method to test their effects on explants.The procedures are as follows: To one gram of agar in a flask,50 ml of aqua distillata is added,and then heated until the agar is completely dissolved.Then add in 50 ml of double-strength 199 solu- tio(?) into the flask.After shaking gently,mixing the media completely,pour it into a dish until it reaches 2/3 of its height.A few minutes later the agar will solidify.Cut off most of the agar substratum and leave enough agar to form“islands”(Eig.A,B).Then add in liguid medium which is composed of 8 vol 199 solution,2 vol calf serum,2 vol extract of 9-day chick embryo diluted into 50% in Hank's solution and a few drops of diluted penicillin and streptomycin.The explants are placed on the agar-islands,the culture dishes covered with glass tops,sealed with paraffin,are put into an incubator.The cul- ture dishes are not sealed they are put into an incubator supplemented with 5%CO_2 Using this technique,we have cultured 80 explanls of 13-day chick embryo meta- tarsal skin for 7～21 days.And the effect of vit.A with different concentrations are tested The results show that the effects of vit,A on the differentiation of the chick embryo metatarsal skin explants are different with the different concentrations.We believe that this technique can be much more convenient as a method to study the eff- ects of chemicals in different concentrations on explants.The other uses of this tech(?)i- que,such as carcinogenesis in culture,the study of embryonic induction,especially the diffuse mechanism of embryo induction are also briefly discussed.

A method described by Harrison has been adopted and modified by us for the separation of intermediate and late erythroblast cells from 15 day embryonic liver of pregnant Wistar rat. The method consisted briefly of preparation of fetal liver cell suspension and the separation of cell types in a 40% and 70% nonlinear Percoll gradient system. Using this method, we can obtain about 96% of hemogenous population of intact and viable intermediate and late erythroblasts. Examination of tho separated cells by Giemsa and benzidine staining and by electron microscopic observation indicated that no granulocytes or other white blood cells could be detected, except for some contamination of about 1% of proerythroblasts and 3% of reticulocytes in the fraction. Trypan blue vital staining demonstrated that there were over 95％ of the cells maintained viable after separation, they could be used directly for the study of cell differentiation as well as biochemical analysis. SO, this is an economical, simple and easy technique to operate which proved to be a useful mean for obtaining enrich population of intermediate and late erythroblasts in research in the field of cell biology.

AIM: To investigate the kinetics of interleukin-6(IL-6) protein and mRNA expressions in the co-culture of rat brain vascular endothelial cells(VECs) with fibrin.METHODS: The IL-6 concentration were measured by rat IL-6 ELISA kit and the IL-6 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR after development an in vitro model of in situ fibrin polymerization on rat brain vascular endothelial cells.RESULTS: Fibrin induced IL-6 expression.The IL-6 antigen concentration increased significantly in 1.0 g/L media group compared to the low dose fibrin group or control media group(P

Objective:To investigate the expressions of P27 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) and to determine the relationship between them. Methods: SP immunohistochemistry was used to detect P27 protein and PCNA in 55 cases of OSCC, 5 biopsies of normal oral mucosa and 20 hyperplastic tissues. Results: The expression rate of P27 protein and PCNA in OSCC were 40.0%,80.0%,which were different from normal oral mucosa and hyperplasia tissues(P0.05). They correlated with malignant behaviors, clinical stages and whether there was lymphnode metastasis or not of the neoplasm(P0.05). Conclusion: Decrease of P27 protein expression and increase of PCNA expression may be important indicators which stand for malignant behavior of neoplasm. The results suggest that their inverse correlation between PCNA and P27 in various forms of oral squamous cell carcinomas may be of prognostic and therapy value.