Children with plastic bronchitis,characterized by unknown origin,insidious onset,rapid progress,severe symptom and high mortality,is a relatively rare disease.Also,it is difficult to diagnose and treat with plastic bronchitis characterized by marked airway obstruction,via the formation of large gelatinous or rigid airway cast.It is associated with certain diseases including bronchial asthma,cystic fibrosis,accompanied with acute chest syndrome with sickle cell disease,congenital heart disease and bacterial and viral respiratory infection.Clinicians should be aware of this disease,and early bronchoscopy should be intervened.

Fatigue is one of the most common complaints in cancer patients that profoundly affects all aspects of quality of life.However,cancer-related fatigue remains under recognized and poorly treated.This rcview has been conducted with the causes and potential treatments of fatigue in cancer patients.The methods for evaluating fatigue,and possible therapeutic options are also discussed.

Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a common pathological and physiological clinical oculopathy,which can occur in retinal artery and vein occlusion,diabetic retinopathy and acute angle-closure glaucoma.The resulting ischemia can cause cell metabolic dysfunction,serious retinal damage and descending visual function.RIRI is the result of multiple factors.The currently accepted hypotheses mainly include the injury effect of oxygen-derived free radicals,intracellular calcium overload,the action of leucocyte and apoptosis.However the protection and treatment research in the RIRI is limited.The present paper reviews the progression in the drug intervention of RIRI.

Dermatovenereology have developed rapidly in fields including genodermatology, dermatological epidemiology, skin immunology, infectious skin diseases, clinical diagnosis, drug treatment, light therapy, and sexually transmitted diseases in recent years. Meanwhile, many skin diseases and a few venereal diseases still lack effective ways of treatment and control. More efforts should be made in both basic and clinical researches in the related fields.
Dermatology ; trends ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Venereology ; trends

The pattern/symptom differentiation system in acupuncture treatment is lack of the unique characteristics and advantages in theory and clinical practice and it just rigidly adopts the methods of pattern/symptom differentiation of the other disciplines in TCM. In fact, it is necessary to have the unique and more practical theoretic system to guide acupuncture treatment. According to the characteristics of acupuncture in diagnosis and treatment, the acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination becomes the law of acupuncture treatment. The acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination is the expression to concretize the diagnosis and treatment of disease under the guidance of pattern/syndrome differentiation. Both of them are originated from the general principles of TCM and for the particular disciplines of TCM. The acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination benefits the promotion and application of acupuncture.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Meridians

Objective To explore effects of spinal-epidural anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia for cesarean section anesthesia and hemodynamic maternal.Methods 122 cases of mothers for cesarean section surgery in Lyuliang Municipal People's Hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were selected,and they were divided into two groups by randomized single-blind method.The control group (61 cases) was given simple subdural anesthesia (EA),while the observation group was given CSEA.The maternal hemodynamics,efficacy of the anesthesia and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The onset time of anesthesia,maximum block level,amount of anesthetic in the observation group were (3.87 ± 0.25) min,(5.04 ± 0.41) T,(6.87 ± 0.92) mL,which were significantly reduced compared with the control group (t =8.55,8.03,6.45,all P ＜ 0.05),and the duration of anesthesia was (116.76 ± 7.89) min,which was significantly increased compared with the control group (t =7.93,P＜0.05).The MAP and HR of observation group in T1,T2,T3 showed no significant differences compared with T0 (P ＞ 0.05);while the control group of patients with the MAP at T2 had obvious reduction compared with T0 (t =8.34,P ＜ 0.05),T2,T3 compared with T0 decreased significantly (t =7.87,7.56,all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reaction in the observation group was 9.84％,which was significantly lower than 24.59％ of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.45,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The lumbar epidural anesthesia for cesarean section anesthesia had significantly fewer adverse reactions,and it can remain stable maternal vital signs,which was an ideal cesarean for section anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the association between Down's syndrome(DS) and congenital heart diseases(CHD).Methods A total of 575 cases with DS from Jan.1997 to Mar.2013 in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were recruited.Retrospective study was conducted to analyze the prevalence and types of CHD in DS children,the relationship between the karyotype of DS and the types of CHD,and pulmonary hypertension (PH) and operation treatment.Results There were 370 cases(64.35％,370/575 cases) with CHD in 575 cases with DS.Among the 370 cases of CHD,322 cases (87.03 ％) were septal defects.In which,57 cases (15.41％) were atrial septal defects,36 cases (9.72％) were ventricular septal defects,12 cases (3.24％) were atrioventricular septal defects,and 157 cases(47.30％) were complex septal defects.Forty-eight cases(12.97％,48/370 cases) were nonseptal defect types of CHD (including patent ductus arteriosus,tetralogy of Fallot,double outlet right ventricle,pulmonary atresia,and so on).There was no statistical significance between the karyotype of DS and the types of CHD.There were 246 cases(66.49％,246/370 cases) with PH.Seventy cases(18.92％,70/370 cases) had interventional or surgical operations.All of them had descending pulmonary artery pressure after operation.Forty cases had other malformations such as gastrointestinal tract malformation,polydactylism / polydactyly,visual impairment,and so on.Conclusions The most common type of CHD with DS was atrial septal defect,and the second one was ventricular septal defect.There was no relationship between the karyotype of DS and the types of CHD.The patients with CHD in DS were prone to develop PH.So the comprehensive treatment plan should be developed as early as possible.

Objective: To investigate relationships among Cognitive performance,cognitive styles and Neuroticism.Methods: Experimental cognitive tests were administered to 30 Highly and 30 Lowly neurotic individuals under tightened and relaxed cognitive conditions.Results: Highly and Lowly neurotic individuals did not appear any differences in total scores,but significant differences in scores of tightened-relaxed cognitive styles.Highly Neurotic individuals mostly tend to be relaxed cognitive style,and Lowly Neurotic individuals to be tightened cognitive style.Conclusion: Neuroticism does not relate with total scores of cognitive performance under tightened and relaxed cognitive condition,but with tightened-relaxed cognitive styles.

The effects of cytochalasin D (CD), isolated from Engleromyces goetzii found in our country, on cells of established human esophageal cancer line (ECa-109 cell line) were investigated. It was demonstrated that CD was capable of inhibiting the growth of the cells at the concentration of 0.2?g/ml as indicted by growth curve. The action of CD, however, is reversible, and the cells will gradually grow again normally following the withdrawal of CD. The result also indicated that some proportion of the cells became binucleated or multinucleated after CD treatment. And as the duration of exposure time to CD increased. the multinucleated cells increased in number also. At the concentration of 0.5?g/ml of CD, a phenomenon of extrution of nucleus can be seen among the cells. The nucleus is departed from the cell body but still linked by a fine cytoplasm bridge (Fig. 2). The CD-treated cells bacame enucleated when they subjected to centrifugation following CD treatment. The minicells obtained from enucleation appeared to be normal morphologically with nucleoli but retained only a little cytoplasm around the nucleus. Electromicroscopic observation showed that mitochondria and tonofibrils increased after CD treatment, but we failed to find any changes of microfilaments within the cells.

An“agar-island organ culture”technique is described.It consists of both agar substratum and liquid medium in the same culture dish,so that chemicals in different concentrations can be added into the liquid portion of the medium,a convenient method to test their effects on explants.The procedures are as follows: To one gram of agar in a flask,50 ml of aqua distillata is added,and then heated until the agar is completely dissolved.Then add in 50 ml of double-strength 199 solu- tio(?) into the flask.After shaking gently,mixing the media completely,pour it into a dish until it reaches 2/3 of its height.A few minutes later the agar will solidify.Cut off most of the agar substratum and leave enough agar to form“islands”(Eig.A,B).Then add in liguid medium which is composed of 8 vol 199 solution,2 vol calf serum,2 vol extract of 9-day chick embryo diluted into 50% in Hank's solution and a few drops of diluted penicillin and streptomycin.The explants are placed on the agar-islands,the culture dishes covered with glass tops,sealed with paraffin,are put into an incubator.The cul- ture dishes are not sealed they are put into an incubator supplemented with 5%CO_2 Using this technique,we have cultured 80 explanls of 13-day chick embryo meta- tarsal skin for 7～21 days.And the effect of vit.A with different concentrations are tested The results show that the effects of vit,A on the differentiation of the chick embryo metatarsal skin explants are different with the different concentrations.We believe that this technique can be much more convenient as a method to study the eff- ects of chemicals in different concentrations on explants.The other uses of this tech(?)i- que,such as carcinogenesis in culture,the study of embryonic induction,especially the diffuse mechanism of embryo induction are also briefly discussed.