Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic and progressive inflammation of liver caused by the disorder of immunoregulation,and characterized by the presence of autoantibodies,elevated level of immunoglobulin G,and interface hepatitis histologically.As its clinical feature is not particular and the international diagnosis criteria is rarely applied in children,the diagnosis of pediatric AIH is difficult to make.It's essential for the good prognosis to recognize and diagnose the disease in early stage,as well as to treat it promptly and maintain regular follow-up.Now,the recent progress of pathogenesis,diagnostic criteria and management of AIH in children were summarized.

Objective To assess whether the delivery of 100% of the nutritional target from days 4 to 8 in the ICU with enteral nutrition plus supplemental parenteral nutrition(SPN) could optimize clinical outcome .Methods A total of 300 critically ill patients who had received less than 60% of their energy target from enteral nutrition(EN) were randomized to treatment group(n=150) and control group (n=150) .After using the stochastic indicator method after day 3 of admission to the ICU ,one received EN and the other received EN plus SPN during days 4 to 8 ,then we calculated energy targets with indirect calorimetry repeatedly .Results The mean energy delivery between day 4 and 8 was 28 kcal? kg -1 ? d-1 for the EN plus SPN group ,compared with 20 kcal?kg -1 ?d-1 for the EN group .Between days 9 and 28 ,the EN plus SPN group had a lower incidence of nosocomial infection com‐pared with EN group (P<0 .05) ,the mechanical ventilation time of the patients without nosocomial infection in EN plus SPN group was significantly lower than that of the EN group (P<0 .05) .The in-hospital mortality and the in-ICU mortality were similar in the two groups(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Individually optimized nutritional supplementation with enteral nutrition plus supplemen‐tal parenteral nutrition starting 4 days after ICU admission could reduce nosocomial infections and should be considered as a strate‐gy to improve clinical outcome in patients in the ICU for whom EN is insufficient .

Objective To investigate the safety,therapy and prophylactic effect of Omeprazole on stress ulcer in children with epidemic type B encephalitis.Methods Before and after medication,chest X-ray examination was performed.The result of occult blood(OB) was confirm by Colloidal gold assay in stool and/or gastric juice.Based on the result of OB,the patients were divided into therapy group[besides conventional therapy for encephalitis,Cimitidine group and Omeprazole group with positive result OB,was administered with 0.9% normal sodium 100 mL+Cimitidine 20-40 mg/(kg?d),iv,q12 h and normal sodium 100 mL+Omeprazol 0.5-0.8 mg/(kg?d),iv,qd,respectively] and prophylaxis group(Cimitidine group,Omeprazole group and control group,with negative result OB,were administered with same medicines as therapy group,respectively.Except control group being administered only 0.9%NS 100 mL,iv,(q12 h)).The effects of drugs on hemostasis,preventing hemorrhage,and the potential risk of acquired pneumonia result from drugs used were observed.Results In therapy group,the average time of hemostasis in Omeprazole group was obviously shorter than that of in Cimitidine group,there was significant difference between two groups(P0.05).Conclusions Both of the drugs is safety and effect to therapy or prophylaxis for the latent stress ulcer in short term.The effect of Omeprazole is better than those of Cimitidine.Using Cimitidine and Omeprazole,neither therapy nor prophylaxis for stress ulcer increaseds the potential risk of acquired pneumonia in children with epidemic type B encephalitis in this study.

Saw palmetto fruit extract (SPE), as a herbal product, is widely used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Recent studies show that SPE also has some therapeutic effects on chronic prostatitis, prostate cancer, sexual dysfunction, and so on. This article presents an overview on the application of SPE in the treatment of BPH, prostate cancer, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, with a discussion on its action mechanisms.
Chronic Disease ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Pelvic Pain ; drug therapy ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Prostatic Diseases ; drug therapy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; Syndrome

Dental Instruments ; Humans ; Root Canal Preparation

Animals ; Cochlea ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Nerve Growth Factor ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the damage mechanism of fluetuant high glucose on the INS-1 cells (pancreatic β-cell lines).Methods The cells were divided into five groups:the control groups (A group:5.5 mmol/L of glucose),the continuing high glucose group (B group:16.7 mmoL/L of glucose),the fluctuant glucose group ( C group:16.7 mmol/L of glucose for cultivation for 2 h,then the concentration changed to 5.5 mmol/L for cultivation for 3 h,which was repeated 3 times per day;the ceils were kept in the medium containing 5.5 mmol/L of glucose during night time for 9 h),the continuing high glucose plus NAC ( 1.0 mmo/L) group ( D group),the fluctuant glucose plus NAC group ( E group).The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by the flow cytometry.The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was estimated by the tetrazolium linked cytochemical method.Results 72 h after intervention,the levels of ROSwere 37.77±2.31,86.97±7.97,124.27±10.04,60.92±2.61 and 51.47±3.36,respectively,in A～E group;the activities of G6PD were 1.25±0.03,1.09±0.02,1.03±0.01,1.12±0.02 and 1.21±0.01,respectively;the levels of NADPH were (0.123±0.003) mmol/mg prot,(0.112±0.004) mmoL/mg prot,(0.099±0.002 ) mmol/mg prot,( 0.116±0.005 ) mmol/mg prot and ( 0.120±0.002) mmol/mg prot,respectively.The level of ROS in the cells of the fluctuant glucose group were significantly higher than that in the continuing high glucose group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The G6PD activity and NADPH was significantly lower in fluctuant high glucose group than those in the continuing high glucose group (P ＜0.01 ).NAC co-cultivation decreased the extent of cell's change.Conclusions Exposure of INS-1 to high glucose lead to increased oxidative stress, possible mechanism included decreased G6PD activity and subsequent imbalance between oxidation and reduction.

Objective To identify whether the branches of cervical nerve roots joined into the accessory nerve trunk or not.Methods In 10 adult cadavers (7 males and 3 females, including 20 laterals of brachial plexus nerves), we observe source of cervical plexus branches to the accessory nerve anatomically.In 10 clinical cases of males with brachial plexus nerve injures, in the supraclavicular approach of brachial plexus exploration, the part of the supraclavicular cutaneous nerve for histological specimen were cut off;in the posterior approach, electrical stimulation of the trunk and branches of cervical plexus were performed to observed istaltrapezius muscle contraction.After accessory nerve transfer, the residual terminal accessory nerve and branch of cervical plexus were taked for histological specimens;and observed and judged of each nerve sample by acetylcholinesterase (AchE) immunohistochemical staining.Results In 10 of 20 lateral cases, cervical plexus communicating branches were derived from the fourth cervical nerve root.The intraoperative electrical stimulation of the accessory nerve trunk, 10 cases of distal trapezius muscle were significantly shrink;electrical stimulation of the cervical plexus branch, 2 cases after stimulation of the mild distal trapezius contraction, the remaining 8 cases without trapezius muscle contraction.10 cases of supraclavicular nerve staining for AchE were negative, 10 cases of accessory nerve terminal branches of AchE staining were mixed,10 cases of branch AchE cervical plexus to the accessory nerve staining were negative.Conclusion The branches of the fourth cervical nerve root constantly joins into the accessory nerve, participating in the trapezius muscle inner vation, the fibers of the branches are sensorial fibers.

Objective To investigate the application of 3D reconstruction system in the clinical departments of the hospital.Methods 3D reconstruction system had its architecture,main features,working flow and principle of auto preprocessing software introduced,and then applied to auto preprocessing of PACS images to realize auto reconstruction,which had the function of 3D post processing.Results 3D reconstruction system gifted the doctor in clinical departments with the access to the images and after treatment,and changed the traditional working mode in imaging department.Conclusion Fusion imaging has 3D reconstruction as the main technique,which eliminates the deficiency in reading radiological images and innovates medical service mode.

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) protects rats administrated with gadolinium-based contrast agents from renal injury, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.A 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach coupled with OPLS-DA (orthogonal projection to latent structure with discriminant analysis) was used to analyze the effect of NAC on urinary metabolic changes for Chronic Renal Failure Rats administrated with Gd-DTPA (Gd-Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid).Combined with univariate analysis of integral area, the significantly changed metabolites were selected to screen out the potential metabolic disturbances that induced by Gd-DTPA and NAC.These researches may attribute to study of the protective effect of NAC from renal failure induced by gadolinium-based contrast agents.The disturbance of energy metabolism, urea cycle and kynurenine metabolism were observed from the CRF group.Gd-DTPA caused the reduction of urinary choline, TMAO, o-HPA, p-HPA, hippurate, glycine, nicotinate and taurine accompanied with the elevation of allantoin.Metabonomic recovery in the NAC group was observed, which implied that NAC protects rats with chronic renal failure from Gd-DTPA induced disturbances of gut microbiota metabolism, liver mitochondria metabolism and kynurenine metabolism.The replenishment of glutathione in cells and the recovery of urea cycle that caused by NAC may protect rats from oxidative damage and renal injury.