Collective migration is the essential movement style in embryonic development.Recent stu-dies have found that collective migration is one of the main movement styles in invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.Tumor cells can invade into the stroma and microvascular in group,and the collective migration shows the unique characters when compared to the single cell movement.The potential mechanisms are closely correlated to the cell-cell connection and interaction between tumor cells and microenvironment.With the gradual improve-ment of the observation models,the mechanisms about the physical or chemical guidance,the related signaling pathways,and the epigenetic regulation in collective migration will be elucidated.

With the rapid development and wide application of forensic DNA technology, strict management and guidance are required. Conclusion could be gained the public and judge recognition, would be more scientiifc, accurate and convincing by using the standard operation. In recent years, forensic DNA standard technology has been rapid development, but there are still insuffcient. This paper will summarize the present situation and the existing problems of forensic DNA technology standards and prospects.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement injection for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures can quickly relieve pain and increase vertebral strength, but vertebral re-fractures often occur because of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement injection combined with zoledronic acid in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. METHODS:Six patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were enrol ed, including two males and four females, aged 60-86 years. These patients with T12-L4 vertebral fractures underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethyl methacrylate acrylate bone cement treatment. At 4 weeks after bone cement injection, al patients were administrated with intravenous injection of zoledronic acid (100 mL:5 mg) as anti-osteoporosis treatment, 30 drops per minute, once a year, for consecutive 2 years. The 2-year periodic imaging was performed to observe the clinical efficacy on vertebral compression fractures, bone density and adjacent vertebral fractures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 48 hours after bone cement injection, pain symptoms were relieved in the six cases. At the end of 2-year fol ow-up, fractures healed in al the six cases without delayed union or nonunion, and there was no bone cement leakage, nerve root compression, dural involvement, needle opening or wound infection and pulmonary embolism;the bone density was significantly higher than that before treatment (P<0.05), and no adjacent vertebral fractures occurred. These findings indicate that the percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement injection combined with zoledronic acid can significantly relieve pain, improve vertebral stability and bone density, and reduce the incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Pharmacognosy (Chinese Medicine) discipline has a long history and International cooperation is more and more frequent, but the communication of the Chinese traditional medicine cul-ture is very difficult. In order to solve this problem, it is urgent to improve the professional English level of the students. Thus, combined with the education survey and interview results, as well as the reports in previous studies and our own experience, we think about how to set pharmaceutical profes-sional English course and put forward some suggestions such as the innovation of curriculum organiza-tion strategy, convergence of basic English course, teaching content and form being closely linked to academic activities, and paying attention to highlighting the subject characteristics of pharmacognosy (Pharmacy).

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Buruli Ulcer ; pathology ; surgery ; DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium ulcerans ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous ; pathology

Being the common tumor forms,prostate cancer,its incidence is ascending year after year.Although surgery is the key treatment means in local prostate cancer, but the complications and mortality rate are frequently observed. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the traditional measures in prostate cancer treatment,are limited by the indication and relatively lower curative effect. So, needs to look for effective microinvasion treatments. As the new technique of microinvasion, high intensity focused ultrasound-HIFU, is remarkerablely noticed by people, in this paper, the mechanism,equipment, clinical effect and limitation were summarized.

Junctions of myocardial cell, specially the intraeellular junctions of transverse tubule system with sarcoplasmie reticulum membranes were observed and described in the present paper. The tubular invaginations of the sarcolemma constitutes the transverse tubule (T tubule) which surround the myofibril in rabbit. The transverse tubular system of cardiac muscle are well developed. The tubule has an elliptical shape in cross section and 15 nm in diameter and is constantly located at the level of Z line. The sarcoplasmic retieulum consists of a simple plexiform arrangement of tubular elements forming a loose network around the myofibrillae. Small terminal expansions of the reticulum are closely applied to the membrane of the T tubules to form Diad. The membranes of the small flattened expansions of the reticulum and T tubules are in contact with each other, but the lumina of the two elements do not communicate. There is a gap of about I0 nm between them and foot processes from the membrane of sarcoplasmic reticulum are regularly extended toward the Ttubules. In addition, intracellular membranous junctions are observed between T tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum of Diad. Each junction with membrane area of about 375 nm long becomes thicker and divides into two layers. Between them there is a gap of 31 nm wide, in which it is filled up with electron, dense material, forming some discontinuous spots which consisted of dense and light areas arranged at regular intervals.

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; adverse effects ; trends ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Genes, BRCA2 ; physiology ; Humans

Aiming at the cultivation of basic medical science talents, the paper introduced and summarized the background, characteristics and development trends (expand of the team, de-crease of the schooling and increase of the interdisciplinary course) of basic medical science major. Three cultivation models of this major in China were introduced and discussed in the article.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) contains a big array of chemical constituents. These constituents un-dergo various metabolic reactions to produce complex in v iv o metabolites. Identification and distribution of these metabolites are important to reveal the effective constituents from a complex formulation. Recently, developments had been made to elucidate the complex metabolic process. In this review, we summarized the methods and strategies developed for TCM metabolism. Application of these metabolic results has also been discussed.