OBJECTIVE To determine the bacterial distribution and resistance of biliary tract infections in China.METHODS Disc diffusion test,MIC test or E-test were used to detect the antimicrobial sensitivity of bacterial isolates from bile specimens.WHONET software was applied for analysis of the bacterial sensitive data from 84 tertiary Mohnarin member hospitals at different area in China from June 1,2006 to May 31,2007.RESULTS A total of 1441 bacterial strains were collected in the survey period,which included 952 Gram-negative strains(66.1%),of which the top three were Escherichia coli(31.0%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(8.4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(7.8%) and 489 Gram-positive strains(33.9%),the top three were Enterococcus faecalis(11.6%),E.faecium(9.5%) and Staphylococcus(7.4 %).Susceptibility results showed that the resistant rates of E.coli and K.pneumoniae to three generation cephalosporins and quinolones were 25.9-70.0%,17.9-44.8% and 66.9-70.9%,34.6-40.0%,respectively,which were comparable with the results of overall bacteria collection.The resistant rates of P.aeruginosa to imipenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam were 37.5%,13.8%,and the detection rate of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) from bile samples was higher than the results of overall bacteria collection.Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE) were rare.CONCLUSIONS Gram-negative bacilli are still the predominant pathogens in biliary tract infections;the overall bacterial resistance is severe.MRSA is increasing.Prudent application of antibiotics in biliary tract infections needs to be emphasized.

Objective To observe the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) in the treatment of small sample patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 6 patients (3 female and 3 male) with acute acquired concomitant esotropia aged 6 to 34 years. Methods All the patients were received 2.5 units of BTXA injected into the bilateral medial rectus muscles once under electromyographic control. They were performed alter prism-cover test,synoptophore and stereoscopic charts test. Main Outcome Measures The alignment of eyes and binocular vision. Results The follow-up of patients was 4 to 39 months. The pre-injection angle of deviation was 43.3?1.0△; the angle of deviation at the last follow-up was 3.3?8.2△,and 5 patients achieved alignment. In pre-injection,one patient had distance stereopsis,2 patients had near stereopsis with 600 seconds and 40 seconds; after injection,5 patients demonstrated distance and near stereeopsis (3 patients 40 seconds,1 patient 60 seconds,and 1 patient 200 seconds). Conclusion This small sample study shows that BTXA injection is effective alternative in treating acute acquired concomitant esotropia.

Towards the problems after the medical reform of China,such as dramatic increase of healthcare expenditure and conflict between doctor and patient,this paper analyzes the tripartite relationships between hospital,insurance supplier and patient from the theoretical and practical aspects,concludes that the non-balanced development of the current relationships is an important reason of the problems,and gives the corresponding countermeasures for reference.

This article summarizes and analysis the rules of acupoint selection in the treatment of dysmenorrhea.Method:Computer retrieval and manual search were combined to look for domestic literature on dysmenorrhea treated by acupuncture and moxibustion in year 2003 to 2011.There were altogether 20 qualified articles,concerning 28 acupoints.The above results showed that in the treatment of dysmenorrhea,the commonly used points are distributed in Ren,spleen meridian of foot-Taiyin,foot Yangming meridian and foot Taiyang meridian.Specific acupoints was the main type for selecting points.

Objective To observe the effect of ligustrazine hydrochioridc(LHC) injection on TGF-β1 -induced proliferation and type IV collagen secretion in the human mesangial cells(HMCs). Methods The interstitial fibrosis in kidney disease was mimicked by inducing proliferation and type IV collagen secretion in HMCs with TGF- β1. The experiment was divided into 5 groups: blank, control, low, medium, and high(10, 30, and 100 μg/ml)ligustrazinc hydrochloride groups. MTT method was adopted to examine the proliferation and inhibition rate of HMCs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the production of type IV collagen in cultured HMCs. Results LHC at high concentration (100 μg/ml) significantly inhibited the proliferation of HMCs (P<0. 01). LHC also inhibited the production of type IV collagen, with the significant inhibition found when at the concentration of 100 μg/ml (P

Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of lung function and nasal inflammation of students from different places of origin, and to explore the possible relationship between air pollutants and lung function and inflammatory factors of healthy college students. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 253 healthy college students, including their basic personal information, the origin of students, and their living environment, then their lung functions were tested, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Furthermore, according to the air quality of the region of origin, 60 students from areas with good air quality and 30 students from areas with poor air quality were selected. Nasal inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α levels) were detected before (July 12, 2019) and after summer vacation (August 27, 2019) to analyze the impact factors on lung function in healthy college students and the level of nasal inflammatory markers after short-term differential exposure to air pollutants. Results The univariate analysis of the questionnaire survey showed that the lung function of healthy college students was influenced by urban-rural distribution, air quality of students' origin, and height. Multivariate analysis found that compared with urban healthy college students, the FVC and FEV1 of rural students increased by 0.346 L and 0.322 L respectively (P<0.05). In addition, for each decrease in the grade of air quality of students' origin, FEV1 and PEF decreased by 0.193 L and 0.687 L/s respectively (P<0.05). After differential exposure to air pollutants during the holiday, healthy college students from areas with poor air quality had higher levels of the nasal mucous membrane inflammatory marker TNF-α than those from areas with good air quality (P<0.05). Conclusions The lung function of healthy college students is affected by urban-rural distribution and the air quality of their region of origin, and the short-term differential exposure to air pollutants leads to changes of nasal inflammatory factors in young healthy individuals.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Busulfan ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods ; Young Adult

Composite Resins ; Dental Restoration, Permanent

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Herbicides ; poisoning ; Humans ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; therapy