Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major pathogens that cause hand foot and mouth disease.Epidemics and pandemics have been periodically reported worldwide.EV71 also can cause serous complications and lead death in children.The mechanisms of EV71 cause serious complications has remained unclear,may relate to many factors,including cell tropism,cell death and host immune responses.This article reviews the recent advances in the identification of factors determining EV71 cell tropism,the associated mechanisms of viral infection-induced cell death and the interplay between EV71 and immunity.

Objective To study the high-frequency ultrasound features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and pathological features.Methods The ultrasonic diagnostic features of 89 cases of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were analyzed retrospectively,and the ultrasound results and pathological results were compared.Results In this study,high frequency ultrasound examination showed that the thyroid ultrasound diagnosis coincidence rate of papillary microcarcinoma was 94.4％.Patients mainly concentrated in 40 ～ 59 years,8 cases of type Ⅰ blood flow,16 cases of type Ⅱ blood flow,65 cases of Ⅲ blood flow,83 cases of L/T (aspect ratio).Conclusion The different pathological features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma accompanied with the different ultrasound images.Doppler high frequency ultrasound in the identification and diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is accurate,convenient operation,and low cost,which is worthy of clinical application.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been increasingly used in the treatment of early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Different from conventional radiotherapy,SBRT is characterized by the delivery of high-dose radiation in 1 to 5 fractions with a high degree of precision and steep dose gradients that minimize the dose to normal tissues,and image guidance technology,image fusion technology and respiratory gating system make the therapy more accurate.SBRT delivers higher biological equralent dose (BED) than conventional radiotherapy.The latest small sample data have suggested outcomes for SBRT patients that superior to the success rate of surgery,and the evidence for SBRT over conventional radiotherapy has resulted in a major change in the standard of care for inoperable NSCLC patients.

The S100 proteins are a multi-gene calcium-binding family,which are differently expressed in a variety of tumors.It is found to be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis.As a tumor-associated biomarkers,unraveling the relationship between S100 and prostate cancer progression as well as molecular mechanisms,would provide an important basis for the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.

Objective:To Integrated PACS and hospital information systems (HIS), and improve the efficiency of PACS, and improve the user experience. Methods:Base on deeply analysis of existing problems in system application, using process optimization, software optimization, and hardware upgrades manner optimize PACS. Results: PACS and HIS realized Integrated, improving the overall performance of the PACS. Enhance the user experience and expand the application scope of PACS. Conclusion: Deeply analysis of existing problems should be done before optimizing the system. Process optimization, software environment optimization should be considered as the most important and upgrading and replacement of the hardware as the secondary.

The pattern/symptom differentiation system in acupuncture treatment is lack of the unique characteristics and advantages in theory and clinical practice and it just rigidly adopts the methods of pattern/symptom differentiation of the other disciplines in TCM. In fact, it is necessary to have the unique and more practical theoretic system to guide acupuncture treatment. According to the characteristics of acupuncture in diagnosis and treatment, the acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination becomes the law of acupuncture treatment. The acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination is the expression to concretize the diagnosis and treatment of disease under the guidance of pattern/syndrome differentiation. Both of them are originated from the general principles of TCM and for the particular disciplines of TCM. The acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination benefits the promotion and application of acupuncture.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Meridians

Metformin is the most commonly prescibed drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus as it is inexpensive, safe, and efficient in ameliorating hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that diabetic population is not only at increased risk of cardiovascular complications, but also at substantially higher risk of many forms of malignancies. Meanwhile, epidemiological and clinical observation studies have shown that metformin use reduces risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and improves prognosis and survival rate of the cancer patients. Furthermore, metformin has been used for cancer therapy in clinical trials. Thus, metformin is emerging as a new cancer therapy or adjuvant anticancer drugs. This review summarizes recent progress in studies of metformin use and its molecular mechanism.

Video assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) was rapidly developed in recent years.It's been widely accepted because it was minimally invasive and the patients were fast recovery with a survival rate similar to routine thoracotomy patients.However,more and more attention was paid to the side effect of general anesthesia with double cavity intubation during the surgery.Nonintubated thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer was progressively developed.This surgery method decreases the side effect compared to general anesthesia with double cavity intubation.However,more surgical difficulty,additional surgical risk and prolonged surgery time were all inevitable become disadvantages of this new method.The less side effect of general anesthesia for patients and the more challenge for thoracic surgeon was brought simultaneous by this new method.More clinic trial should be implemented in validating the advantages and disadvantages.

?Objective: To examine the morphologic changes produced by extranueral injection of methylene blue around rat infraorbital nerve. Methods: Under direct vision, 50 ?l of methylene blue at the concentration of 20 g/L was injected extranuerally into the infraorbital foramen on one side of the maxillar bone of each of 32 rats; physiological saline was used as the control on the contralateral side of each animal. Animals were killed at 3 days, 2, 4, 8 and 14 weeks after the application of methylene blue respectively. The infraorbital nerve specimens were examined by light and electron microscopes. Results:Axolysis and demyelination were found in the outer zone of the nerve bundles, and a few of centrally located axons were damaged in 2 and 3 weeks. 4 weeks later,a few of regenerated fibers were observed. Wallerian degeneration still remained and more regenerated fibers were found in 14 weeks. The sheath of myelinated fibers became twisted, thick and dissolved. The axonal changes characterized by either swelling, shrinking or vacuolization of axoplasm. Lysosome could be seen in the axons. The changes of myelinated fibers were more evident than that of demyelinated fibers. At the later stage, the regularly regenerated fibers with thin sheath could be seen. No change was observed in the Schwann cells. Conclusion: 20 g/L methylene blue can result in the changes of the sheath and axons of nerve fibers

In the light of developing trend and reality of domestic pharmaceutical supervision and management we propose the guidance of drug market, using the scientific method, making supervision as center, taking emphasis on basic units, strengthening in vertical section, popularizing in horizontal section, expanding scale etc as guiding thoughts. In order to strengthen the basic pharmaceutical supervision and management the suggestion of ten kinds of strategic changes must be realized.