1.How to improve young teachers teaching quality of biochemistry
Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research 2011;10(3):273-275
Biochemistry is one of the important basic courses for medical speciality.This article discussed the four aspects of how to improve the quality of biochemistry instruction,such as strengthening young teachers'sense of responsibility in teaching,and building up their professional knowledge training and so on.To young teachers,this paper may be useful for improving the quality of medical biochemistry teaching.
2.Role of Mfn2 in cyclosporine nephropathy
Journal of Chinese Physician 2021;23(2):223-226
Objective:This study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) in chronic renal injury caused by cyclosporine A (CSA) and the possible mechanism.Methods:The model of chronic CSA nephropathy was established in rats. The rats were divided into solvent control group, CSA model group and normal control group. Serum creatinine and urinary protein levels were detected. The tubulointerstitial injury was observed by light microscopy. The changes of mitochondrial structure were observed by electron microscope, and the expression of Mfn2 was detected by Western blot.Results:The levels of serum creatinine and urinary protein in CSA model group at 2 and 4 weeks were significantly higher than those in control group and solvent group ( P<0.05). In CSA model group, tubulointerstitial injury was obvious, mitochondria swelling and deformation were found in tubular epithelial cells, and ridge disappeared. Compared with normal control group and solvent control group, the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group was significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks ( P<0.05), and the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group at 4 weeks was further decreased compared with 2 weeks ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Mfn2 may play an important role in the injury of tubular epithelial cells caused by cyclosporine.
4.Treatment of Disorders of Sex Development
Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics 2006;0(23):-
Disorders of sex development(DSD) include anomalies of sex chromosomes,gonads,reproductive ducts,and genitalia.Here,the term "intersex" is avoided because of its imprecision.The purpose of this review is to assist health care professionals in the provision of treatment,education,and support to children born with DSD and to their families.The goal of DSD treatment is to achieve the long-term physical,psychological,and sexual well-being of the patients.In the case of DSD it involves several principles.Providing medical and surgical care to deal with a complication that threatens to the patient's physical well-being;minimizing the potential for the patient and family to feel ashamed,stigmatized,or overly obsessed with genital appearance;delaying elective surgical and hormonal treatments until the patient can actively participate in decision-making;telling the truth to the family and the child and addressing psychosocial distress of the children and their parents.This approach is termed as "patient-centered".
5.Sequential invasive-noninvasive mechanical ventilation weaning strategy for patients after tracheostomy
Xue-Xue PU ; Jiong WANG ; Xue-Bo YAN ; Xue-Qin JIANG
World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2015;6(3):196-200
BACKGROUND: Because the continuity and integrity of the trachea are likely damaged to some extent after tracheostomy, the implementation of sequential ventilation has certain difficulties, and sequential invasive-noninvasive ventilation on patients after tracheostomy is less common in practice. The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of invasive-noninvasive sequential weaning strategy in patients after tracheostomy. METHODS: Fifty patients including 24 patients with withdrawal of mechanical ventilation (conventional group) and 26 patients with sequential invasive-noninvasive weaning by directly plugging of tracheostomy (sequential group) were analyzed retrospectively after appearance of pulmonary infection control (PIC) window. The analysis of arterial blood gases, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence, the total duration of mechanical ventilation, the success rate of weaning and total cost of hospitalization were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Arterial blood gas analysis showed that the sequential weaning group was better than the conventional weaning group 1 and 24 hours after invasive ventilation. The VAP incidence was lowered, the duration of mechanical ventilation shortened, the success rate of weaning increased, and the total cost of hospitalization decreased. CONCLUSION: Sequential invasive-noninvasive ventilator weaning is feasible in patients after tracheostomy.
6.Dynamic observation of ossification process in a rat femur distraction model by living small animal Micro-CT
Jing XUE ; Jiang PENG ; Aiyuan WANG
Orthopedic Journal of China 2006;0(09):-
[Objective]In order to dynamically observe the ossification process by living small animal Micro-CT in a rat femur distraction osteogenesis (DO) model,the author applied a special designed external fixiator system. [Methods]A femur DO model was made on 12 SD rats.After 7 days of latency,the femurs were distracted at a speed of 0.25 mm every 12 hours for 14 days.At the first day of consolidation period,the steel external fixiators were substituted by radio-transparent polymer splint material made fixiators.At 7 and 21 days of consolidation period,two randomly selected rats were sacrificed for histological examination.The other 8 rats were selected for X-ray and living Micro-CT examination at 0,7,21,35 days of consolidation period.All animals were sacrificed at 35 days of consolidation period,5 for biomechanical test,3 for histological examination.[Results]There was no significant new bone formed in distracted zone at latency and distraction periods.The volume of distracted zone increased little in the following 5 weeks of consolidation period.Bone volume,bone mineral content,bone volume fraction,and the number of trabeculae all increased over the consolidation period,while mineral content of mineralized tissue and thickness of traleculae did not increased until 3 weeks after consolidation began.At final observation (56 days post operation),there still exist un-mineralized cartilage tissues in the central of distracted zone,and the distracted femurs had lower biomechanical property when compared with corresponding normal femurs.[Conclusion]1) Radio-transparent polymer splint is a satisfactory substitute of steel external fixator.2) Micro-CT is a useful tool for dynamical observing and evaluating bone formation status in DO model.3) The increasing of bone volume began at the end of distraction,lasting at least 5 weeks,while the remodeling of new formed bone began 3 weeks after distraction ended.The increasing and remodeling of new formed bone was not concord.This result indicates that,in order to obtain proper results,the corresponding interference should be taken at different time points.
7.Risk factors contributing to postoperative respiratory failure in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery
Hong ZHANG ; Zhanggang XUE ; Hao JIANG
Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology 1995;0(02):-
Objective To analyze the risk factors associated with postoperative respiratory failure (PRF) in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Methods In a prospective randomized joint study, 582 patients conforming to the criteria established by the four medical centers were enrolled for analysis. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to examine the relations between perioperative risk factors and PRF. PRF was defined as mechanical ventilation after operation lasting for more than 48h or reintubation and mechanical ventilation within 6h after extubation.Results Fifty-one patients developed PRF (8.8%) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the type of surgery, ASA physical status classification, history of COPD and plasma albumin upper abdominal surgery and peripheral vascular surgery. The reason that neurosurgery topped the list was that most neurosurgical patients suffered from severe head injury and postoperative mechanical ventilation was prolonged because of coma. Our study showed that physical status was also a significant predictor of PRF. According to ASA classification, one class higher increased the risk by 6.325 time s. Conclusion Based on these predictors of PRF, in high risk elderly patients necessary measures can be taken to decrease the development of PRF.
8.Protective effects of desflurane preconditioning against neutrophil -mediated anoxia / reoxygenation injury to isolated myocytes
Biao ZHU ; Zhanggang XUE ; Hao JIANG
Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology 1994;0(04):-
Objective Neutrophils (PMNs) play an important role in the myocardial injury-induced by ischemia/reperfusion. The purpose of the study was to assess the role of PMN in anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury to primary cultured myocytes and the protective effects of desflurane preconditioning (DPC) .Methods Myocytes obtained from ventricle were cultured in MEM medium for 3 days. The cultured myocytes were then randomly divided into 4 groups : group Ⅰ A/R; group Ⅱ PMNs + A/R; group Ⅲ DPC + A/R and group Ⅳ DPC + PMNs + A/ R. In all four groups the cultured myocytes were subjected to anoxia by being incubated in a tightly closed incubator filled with 95 % N2 + 5 % CO, for 2 h, followed by one hour reoxygenation (95 % O2 + 5 % CO2). In group Ⅱ and Ⅳ 5.0 ? 106 ml -1 PMNs isolated from peripheral blood or bone marrow were added to the medium during the one hour reoxygenation. In group Ⅲ and Ⅳ the myocytes were exposed to 9 % desflurane for 1 h before A/R. The activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) and the concentration of cardiac troponin (cTnT) in the supernatant were measured before and at the end of the experiment. Cell survival rate, beating rate and arrhythmia rate of the cultured myocytes were also calculated under phase-contrast microscope before and at the end of the experiment.Results A/R caused significant increase in LDH and CK-MB activities, cTnT concentration and arrhythmia rates and decrease in beating rates except in group Ⅲ . The differences in LDH, CK-MB activities and arrhythmia rates between the baseline value and the value obtained at the end of the experiment were significantly lower in group Ⅳ than those in group D but still higher than those in group Ⅰ . The cell survival rate was significantly higher in group Ⅳ than that in grorp Ⅱ . Conclusion Neutrophil accentuates A/R injury while desflurane preconditioning attenuates neutrophil-mediated A/R injury to primary cultured myocytes.
9.Effect of nitric oxide inhalation on pulmonary inflammatory responses in dogs with endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
Changhong MIAO ; Hao JIANG ; Zhanggang XUE
Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology 1997;0(11):-
Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation on the expression of TNF-?,IL-8 and CD11b mRNA in lung tissue during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by intravenous injection of endotoxin in dogs.Methods Twelve pure bred beagle dogs of both sexs weighing 8-12.5 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups: NO group received mechanical ventilation with NO inhalation (n = 6) and control group received only mechanical ventilation ( n = 6) . Sepsis and ARDS were induced by intravenous injection of endotoxin as described in detail in our previous paper. Hemodynamics and pulmonary oxygenation were monitored and shunt fraction was calculated. At the end of experiment the animals were sacrificed and lung tissue was obtained aseptically and stored in the liquid nitrogen at - 180℃ . The total RNA was extracted. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of TNF-?,IL-8 and CD11b mRNA. The total RNA was reversely transcripted to cDNA. Then the cDNA was amplified by PCR. The product of PCR was scanned by gel-image analysis system.?-action was used as internal control. Semi-quantitative method was adopted for measurement of TNF-? ,IL-8 and CD11b mRNA expression. Results The expression of TNF-?, IL-8 and CD11b mRNA in lung tissue was significantly decreased in NO group compared with those in control group.Conclusion NO inhalation reduces expression of TNF-?, IL-8 and CDllb mRNA in lung tissue during ARDS induced by intravenous endotoxin.
10.Effect of propofol on temporal profile of apoptosis induced by focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats
Liunhua CHEN ; Zhanggang XUE ; Hao JIANG
Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology 1995;0(10):-
Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on apoptosis at different time points after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in a rat model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods Sixty male SD rats weighing 240-260g were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 30 each): propofol group received intraperitoneal (i. p.) propofol 80 mg ?kg before MCAO and control group received equal volume of normal saline instead of propofol. The animals were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate 350mg?kg-1 i.p. . The right external, internal and common carotid artery were exposed. A 4-0 nylon thread with rounded tip was inserted via external carotid artery into internal carotid artery and threaded cranially until resistance was felt. MCAO was maintained for 90 min before reperfusion. The animals were killed and brains removed for detection of apoptotic neurons using TUNEL staining combined with electronic microscopic examination at 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after reperfusion was started ( n = 5 at each time point in both groups) . Results In control group the ratio of apoptotic neurons peaked at 24 h of reperfusion and then gradually decreased; while the ratio of TUNEL positive neurons kept on increasing indicating a shift from apoptosis to necrosis after 24 h reperfusion. The ratio of TUNEL positive neurons and apoptosis were significantly lower in propofol group than in control between 6 h to 3 days after reperfusion was started. Conclusion Propofol pretreatment attenuates apoptosis induced by focal cerebral I/R and the maximum effect is reached and maintained between 6 h to 3 days of reperfusion.