Ductal carcinoma in situ belongs to the early stage of breast cancer.The treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ is similar with that of the breast cancer.Because of the low mortality rate in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ,there was an excessive treatment in the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ.So the key to the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ was to improve the quality of life.The present study shows that the effect of conserving surgery with radiotherapy is same with mastectomy's in the treatment of breast ductal carcinoma in situ.Sentinel lymph node biopsy can also be used to evaluate the patient's axillary status.For patients with ductal carcinoma in situ with breast conserving surgery,radiotherapy and endocrine therapy can reduce the recurrence rate of ipsilateral breast cancer.Radiotherapy and endocrine therapy have also become the standard treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) in chronic renal injury caused by cyclosporine A (CSA) and the possible mechanism.Methods:The model of chronic CSA nephropathy was established in rats. The rats were divided into solvent control group, CSA model group and normal control group. Serum creatinine and urinary protein levels were detected. The tubulointerstitial injury was observed by light microscopy. The changes of mitochondrial structure were observed by electron microscope, and the expression of Mfn2 was detected by Western blot.Results:The levels of serum creatinine and urinary protein in CSA model group at 2 and 4 weeks were significantly higher than those in control group and solvent group ( P<0.05). In CSA model group, tubulointerstitial injury was obvious, mitochondria swelling and deformation were found in tubular epithelial cells, and ridge disappeared. Compared with normal control group and solvent control group, the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group was significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks ( P<0.05), and the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group at 4 weeks was further decreased compared with 2 weeks ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Mfn2 may play an important role in the injury of tubular epithelial cells caused by cyclosporine.

Parkinson′s disease(PD),the second neurodegenerative disease in the world,is characterized by a combination of motor symptoms(rest tremor,bradykinesia,rigidity,postural instability,stooped posture and freezing of gait)and non-motor symp?toms(including psychiatric and cognitive disorders). The core neuropathological features of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the deposition of iron and cytoplasmic protein aggregates(Lewy bodies)inside neurons. Currently,clinical treatment for PD is symptomatic and there is no effective treatment to restore neuronal degeneration. In the PD therapy ,medication re?mains dominant. Anti-PD drugs are mainly based on the critical signal pathways or some specific targets which play a key role in the pathogenesis of PD to relieve the symptoms of PD. Research and development in novel drugs to prevent or treat PD have been a crucial subject,and some novel candidates are under development. In this paper,we summarize and analyze the anti-PD drugs,and make a brief discussion about its pharmacological targets.

Objective To explore the therapeutic value of hemoperfusion combined with daytime high capacity hemofiltration in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.Methods The clinical data of 25 patients with severe acute pancreatitis treated by hemoperfusion combined with daytime high capacity hemofiltration(the observation group) were retrospectively analyzed,and compared with 30 severe acute pancreatitis patients without blood purification treatment(the control group).Results After the treatment,the biochemical indicator of the observation group was improved obviously compared with pre-treatment.Of the observation group,the hospital slaying time was shorter [(21.6±12.3) d vs(30.8±15.6) d],and the cure rate was higher(72％ vs 40％),and the death rate was lower (16％ vs 30％),compared with the control group(all P ＜ 0.05),but the treatment costs had no difference between the two groups.Conclusion Patients with severe acute pancreatitis on the basis of conventional treatment should conduct as early as possible hemoperfusion combined with daytime high capacity hemofiltration,and it could improve the success rate of the rescue and shorthen the length of hospital stay,and its curative effect was accurate.

Birth Weight ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Biology

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of 125I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and its complications. Methods: Combined treatment group (n = 42) received CT-guided interstitial 125I seed implantation (PD = 8-10 Gy/h), and three days later they were given TAX + DDP intravenous chemotherapy. Control group (n = 46) only received TAX + DDP chemotherapy. The dosage was selected based on the same reference standard as the treatment group. The therapeutic efficacy was observed two months later. The life quality of patients was evaluated by using EORTC QLQ-C30 table. Results: Both the technical success rate and follow-up rate were all 100%. In combined treatment group 4 patients achieved complete response (CR, 9.5%), 14 patients had partial response (PR, 33.3%), 20 patients with stable disease (SD, 47.6%) and 4 patients with progressed disease (PD, 9.5%). The total response rate (CR + PR) was 42.9%. In control group 1 patient achieved complete response (2.2%), 8 patients had partial response (17.4%), 22 patients with stable disease (47.8%) and 15 patients with progressed disease (32.6%). The total response rate (CR + PR) was 19.6%. The total response rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than control group. Conclusion: 125I seed implantation is synergistic with chemotherapy which is beneficial in reducing tumor load in a short period and increased the short β2-MG term therapeutic efficacy for NSCLC.

A retrospective analysis was performed among 8 patients with unilateral intraarticular calcaneal fracture, who were selected from the Department of Orthopaedics in Yangpu District Central Hospital of Shanghai. They were treated with the injectable bone graft MIIG[R] X3 combined with percutaneous reduction by leverage and axial fixation from June 2005 to November 2006. After treatment, the function of affected feet was evaluated according to the ankle-hindfoot score of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (totally 100 points). All the patients were rechecked with X-ray films periodically to observe the reaction between the materials and the host, the healing of fracture, the pain of limbs and joint motion. Eight patients were all followed up, the complication rate reached 12.5% (1/8), the improvement of Bohler angle excelled 18° to 25°, and that of Gissane angle exceeded 30° to 35°. Among the included patients, 6 cases achieved excellent effect and 2 cases good. All developed the bone union. None of all had complications, such as necrosis of skin, hematoma and deep infection.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic stem cells can be differentiated into endocrine functioning cells under a suitable cultivation condition, suggesting that pancreatic stem cells can be used as a new source of islet in treating diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To discuss the expression of stem cell in different purities of pancreatic islets.DESING: A controlled observation based on cells.SETTING: Third People's Hospital of Mianyang City.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Center Laboratory (Key Laboratory of Chongqing City), the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March 2005 to March 2006. Thirty healthy male SD rats, of clean grade, aged 50 days were used in this study. During the experiment, the disposal of animals corresponded to Animal Ethical Standard. Cytokeratin (CK)-19 and β-actin were designed by Shanghai Invitrogen Biological Co., Ltd.Brdu reagent, mouse anti-rat Brdu monoclonal antibody, rabbit anti-mouse (RAM) CK-19 polyclonal antibody and Brdu immunohistochemical kit were from Boster Co., Ltd. (Wuhan); HistostainTM -DS double immunohistochemical staining kit was purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Company.METHODS: Rats were intraperitoneally injected with Brdu for labeling, and subjected to perfusion with Ⅴ-type collagenase via pancreatic ducts, with pancreas being excised, ripped, beaten up, digested and centrifuged to obtain pancreatic islet sediments. After being precipitated, the sediments were divided into 3 groups. Group A: The isolated sediments of islets were not purified; Group B: The sediments were added slowly with 25% Ficoll-400 and Hanks solution for purification; Group C: The sediments were slowly added with 25% Ficoll-400, 11% Ficoll-400 for purification in order.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of Brdu and CK-19-positive cells in the islet samples were detected by immunohistochemical method, and mRNA expression of CK-19 in the different purities of islets was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: ① The purity of islets in the group A was the lowest. The purity of islets obtained by different purification techniques showed significances among the three groups (F =89.42, P ＜ 0.05). ②Positive expressions of Brdu and CK-19 in the group A were significantly higher than those in the group B and group C (F =18.64, 22.12, 38.61. P ＜0.01). ③Expression of CK-19 mRNA in the group A was significantly higher than that in other groups, with group C showing the lowest.CONCLUSION: Expressions of Brdu and CK-19-positive cells exist in different purities of islets, suggesting the existence of more stem cells in the low purify of islets.

Objective To investigate the dynamic expression from gene and protein levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) during the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in neonatal rats.Methods A neonatal rat model of HPH was established,normal neonatal rats were enrolled as the control group.At the 3th 、7th、10th and 14th days,we measured the mRVSP through catheterization of right ventricule,collected hearts to figure out the right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI),evaluated vascular remodeling by the percentage of medial thickness to outer diameter of the small pulmonary arteries (MT％) and the percentage of medial cross section on area to the total cross section area of the pulmonary small arteries (MA％),observed the expression of HIF-1α by immunochemistry,and measured the expression of HIF-1α in mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.Results The mRVSP increased at the 3th day,and sustained until the 14th day (P ＜ 0.01).RVHI MT％ and MA％ increased at the 7th day,and sustained until the 14th day (P ＜0.01).HIF-1α mainly expressed in endothelium and smooth muscle cells in the CHPH group and the HIF-1αmRNA increased significantly on the 3th and 7th days (P ＜ 0.05),and the HIF-1α protein increased significantly on the 7th、10th and 14th days in the CHPH group compared with the control group(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The mRVSP increased at the early stage after hypoxic exposure in neonatal rats,followed by vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy.Both mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α sustained higher than control group during the vascular remodeling stage,indicating that HIF-1α might be a important factor contributing to the vascular remodeling.