BACKGROUND:Biphasic calcium phosphates, consisting of hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate, have been extensively applied as bone graft substitutes due to their similarity with the mineral portion of nature bone. They have been proved to have excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity and osteoconductivity. In recent years, many studies have il ustrated biphasic calcium phosphates perform osteoinductivity both in vitro and in vivo, which is expected to become a good choice for bone graft substitutes. However, the critical factors triggering the osteoinduction process and mechanism of this phenomenon are stil indistinct.
OBJECTIVE:To review the influencing factors and mechanism related to the osteoinductivity of biphasic calcium phosphates.
METHODS:The Ovid Medline database and PubMed database (1985-01/2013-01) were used to search the related articles about the osteoinductive property of biphasic calcium phosphates. The key words were“bone graft substitutes, biphasic calcium phosphates, osteoinduction”. Articles concerning the osteoinductive property of biphasic calcium phosphates were included. The articles that published recently or in the high-impact journals were preferred, and articles with repetitive contents were ruled out. Then 34 articles were suitable for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The chemical composition of biphasic calcium phosphates influences the rate of degradation/resorption as wel as bioactivity, which in turn has an influence on the osteoinductivity;the physical properties also play important roles in osteoinductivity by affecting the absorption of bone morphogenetic proteins, vascularization, tissue invasion, microenvironment, and more importantly, triggering the undifferentiated stem cells into osteogenic lineage. What’s more, the species of animals, the implantation-site and the implant size are also critical for osteoinduction. Therefore, through the further study on the influencing factors and mechanism of osteoinduction, biphasic calcium phosphates with stable osteoinductivity, as a promising bone graft substitute, could be synthesized for clinical applications.

Two-factor factorial design refers to the research involving two experimental factors and the number of the experimental groups equals to the product of the levels of the two experimental factors. In other words, it is the complete combination of the levels of the two experimental factors. The research subjects are randomly divided into the experimental groups. The two experimental factors are performed on the subjects at the same time, meaning that there is no order. The two experimental factors are equal during statistical analysis, that is to say, there is no primary or secondary distinction, nor nested relation. This article introduces estimation of sample size and testing power of quantitative data with two-factor factorial design.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; antagonists & inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; therapy ; RNA Interference ; physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; antagonists & inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex ; metabolism

Adult ; Calculi ; complications ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; injuries ; Nasal Septum ; injuries ; Palate, Hard ; injuries

Apolipoproteins A ; therapeutic use ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use

Objective To probe into the trust of residents on the health centers' service offered in their community in general for providing better family doctor services.Methods A custom-made trust scale for medical service (including 23 indicators) and random sampling were called into play.An imercept survey was made to 224 residents of different gender,age and education in a community in Beijing regarding their overall trust on medical service.Results The different satisfaction over their selection of the 23 indicators among residents of different gender is not significant statistically (P＞0.05); the seven differences of the residents of different ages regarding their trust of the general medical service are significant statistically; the 11 differences of the residents of different education regarding their trust on the community health centers in general are significant statistically.Conclusion The GP-based community health centers are expected to improve the trust of residents on them in general,by means of enhancing government responsibility,government investment and the improvement of services of general practitioners.

The levels of c-fos mRNA in U937 cell line were determined with in situ hybridization.Theresults showed that TPA induced the expression of c-fos gene with a relationship of dosage-ef-fect.It was also proved that GM-CSF,TNF,IL-9,IL-3 and IL-6 increased the expression of c-fos gene.

Epilepsy is a common nervous system seizure disease in children,20%-30% of them is intractable epilepsy.The pathogenesis of intractable epilepsy in children is not yet identify.Some research think that this may be associated with resistance of a variety of diffe-rent mechanisms of antiepileptic drug and abnormalities of multidrug resistance gene expression.The most investigation of multidrug transpor-ter is P-glycoprotein,multidrug resistance-associated protein.They are present in cell membrane and belong to adenosine triphosphate-dependent membrane transport protein.Studies have showed that over-expression of multidrug transporter in temporal lobe brain tissue of patients with refractory epilepsy and animal model of chronic epilepsy reduce the concentration of therapeutic drug in cells.They result in resis-tance by releasing the energy and transferring large amounts of anti-epileptic drugs to exterior of brain capillary endothelial cells in way of active transport.The relationship between multidrug transporter′s structure,distribution,functions and drug-resistant epilepsy are reviewed.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; microbiology ; Pharyngitis ; microbiology ; Syphilis ; Treponema pallidum