Venetoclax is an important breakthrough in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in recent years. A chemo-free treatment of inducing apoptosis drugs combined with hypomethylating agents is used in the management of AML, which brings hope of long-term survival for the elderly patients or patients who cannot tolerate intensive chemotherapy. However, there are still some patients who are resistant to venetoclax-based regimens. This article introduces the new progress of venetoclax in the treatment of AML in combination with reports at the 62nd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,rapid prototyping has provided new options for the manufacture of customized titanium implants.OBJECTIVE:To review the optimization of titanium bone implants made by rapid prototyping,and assess its clinical value.METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of PubMed database and CNKI was performed for relevant articles by using the keywords of rapid prototype,3D printing,additive manufacture,titanium,custom-made,implant both in English and Chinese.These articles were analyzed from two aspects:the performance optimization and the clinical application of titanium bone implants produced by rapid prototyping.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Rapid prototyping technology enables the production of customized bone implants,and biological properties of the implants can be varied through the introduction of porosity and Morphological changes of the implant.In combination with surface treatment technology,such as coating technique,the biological performance of the implants can be further optimized.Therefore,the rapid prototyping technology can be used to create customized titanium bone implants with excellent mechanical and biological properties.The titanium bone implants made by rapid prototyping have great prospect in the clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the function of TRAIUCaspase-3 and NF-κB among the occurrence, development and malignant invasion of bile duct carcinoma. Methods The in-situ hybrization technique and immunochemistry method were adopted to detect expression of TRAIL, Caspase-3 and NF-κB. Results The positive rates of TRAIL expression in carcinoma of bile duct and paracancer tissue were 45.2 % (19/42) and 53.3 %(8/15), respectively. The differences were not significant (P >0.05), and there were no evident difference between expression of TRAIL and every clinic pathology factor(P >0.05). The positive rates of Caspase-3 expression in carcinoma of bile duct were 30.9 %(13/42), which were obviously lower than those in paracancer tissue, 60.0 %(9/15)(P<0.05). However, The positive rates of NF-κB expression in carcinoma of bile duct were 61.9 %(26/42), obviously higher than those in paracancer tissue, 26.7 %(4/15)(P <0.05). The positive rates of Caspase-3, NF-κB expression were relation to metastasis and proliferation, differentiation degree of tissue and survival time (P <0.05), but were independent of sex, ages and position of carcinoma(P > 0.05). Moreover, TRAIL and Caspase-3 manifested positive relationship (P <0.05). On the contrary , NF-κB and Caspase-3 manifested negative relationship (P <0.05). However, there was no relationship between TRAIL and NF-κB(P >0.05). Conclusion Expression of TRAIL has no selectivity of tumour, Its expression is higher or lower which couldn' t absolutely decide tumour' s metastasis and proliferation, and could not decide malignant degree and prognosis of tumour, too. Activation of NF-κB and losing action or absence of Caspase-3 possibly accelerate metastasis and proliferation of tumour, which result in bad prognosis. NF-κB interdicte TRAIL inducing apoptosis approach via control activation of NF-κB, which induce tissue to avoiding apoptosis and multiplication unboundedly, leading to tumour's occurrence, development, metastasis and diffuseness.

Objective To study whether the inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase can inhibit the proliferation of human lens epithelial cells and to investigate which isoforms of NOX, one of the subunits of NADPH oxidase, are expressed in human lens epithelial cells at mRNA level. Design Experimental study. Participants Human lens epithelial cells (SRA 01/04). Methods The cells were divided into four groups: EGF group was added with EGF in SRA 01/04, DPI group was added with the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase-diphenylene iodonium (DPI), DPI +EGF group was added with EGF after DPI and control group was added with nothing. Using Microplate reader and Cell Counting Kit-8 to determine OD450 value of SRA 01/04 of each group. The ex- pression of NOX family, including NOX1, NOX2 or gp91phox, NOX3, NOX4 and NOX5, was detected with RT-PCR. The RT-PCR products were sequenced to confirm their identities by NCBI BLAST. Main Outcome Measures OD450 of SRA 01/04, expression of NOX and their sequence alignments with other human tissues. Results After added with CCK-8 for 3.5 h, the OD450 value of EGF group increased 12.0% compared with control group (P=0.000). The OD450 value of DPI group decreased 25.5% compared with control group (P=0.000). The OD450 value of DPI+EGF group decreased 26.1% compared with EGF group (P=0.000). RT-PCR using primers specific for mRNAs of the five isoforms of the NOX proteins documented that mRNA encoding NOX1 through NOX5 were constitutively present in SRA 01/04 cells. The similarity of sequences of NOX1-NOX5 in human lens epithelial cells with other human tissues was 100%, 100%, 99.7%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions NADPH oxidase complex could promote cell proliferation in human lens epithelial cells. SRA 01/04 cells constitutively produced mRNA encoding five isoforms of NOX proteins, NOX1 was much weaker than the other four NOXs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of enzymatically modified low density lipoprotein(E-LDL) on differation and maturation of human dendritic cells(DC) in peripheral blood and the effect of diltiazem on it.METHODS: Human monocytes were isolated by using gradient centrifugation method and cultured in DC Cellgro medium containing rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4 for 5 days,then DC was then obtained.DC were treated with E-LDL or E-LDL plus diltiazem for 48 hours,the morphological changes were observed under the microscope,and the FACS was used to investigate the expression of DC(CD1a,CD80,CD86 and HLA-DR).PBS group was set up for comparison.RESULTS: The morphological changes were nor observed.The expressions of CD1a,CD80,CD86 and HLA-DR in each groups were significant different(P

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC)extracted from the croton oil, it is one of the most powerful inducers of differentiation as well as a powerful tumor promoter. It is used by the study of induction and differentiation generally, because of it can induce the differentiation of tumor cell and promote the lymphocyte transformation and secrete of lymphokine, meanwhile,it is able to induce many kinds of cell of leukemic cell strain like HL-60, HEL and so on, Some literature reported that TPA had the function of differentiation of primary leukemic cell. The article mainly explains the induction and differentiation of leukemic cell by phorbol ester as well as its mechanisms, which to provide the theory evidence for prevention and cure of leukemia.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by dysplastic and ineffective hematopoiesis that can result from aberrant expansion and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) within the bone marrow microenvironment. The proliferation and activation of MDSC lead to the dysfunction and depletion of natural killer cells and CD8 + T cells, and the recruitment of inflammatory cells and factors leads to the further accumulation of genetic abnormalities in MDS patients, leading to the progression of MDS. The accumulation of inflammatory cytokines in the tumor environment induces the expression of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) in hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells and the overexpression of programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) in MDSC, and the interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 leads to the apoptosis of MDS hematopoietic progenitor cells and ineffective hematopoiesis. The experiments and clinical studies targeting MDSC have confirmed that correcting or reversing the bone marrow microenvironment of immune disorders in MDS is a therapeutic strategy to restore effective hematopoietic function.

Objective To investigate whether lamivudine antiviral treatment after radical surgery can prolong disease-free survival of patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer.Methods A total of 120 patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer who underwent conventional radical surgery in Dongfeng Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Medical College from March 2014 to March 2016 were enrolled,and among these patients,60 were given conventional treatment (group A) and 60 were given lamivudine antiviral treatment (group B).ELISA was used to measure serum HBV DNA level.The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups,the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare disease-free survival rate and recurrence rate between groups,and the Spearman method was used to investigate the correlation between serum HBV DNA level and survival time.Results According to the results of the 3-year follow-up,71 patients (59.17％) died (group A:46 patients died of tumor and 4 died of hepatic encephalopathy;group B:20 died of tumor and 1 died of hepatic encephalopathy).Compared with group A,group B had significantly lower recurrence rate (48.33％ vs 90.00％,x2 =16.98,P ＜0.001) and mortality rate within 3 years (35.00％ vs 83.33％,x2 =10.34,P ＜ 0.001).Group B had significantly higher mean disease-free survival time and 1-,2-,and 3-year dis-ease-free survival rates than group A(t =9.82,x2 =7.87,11.43,and 7.98,all P ＜ 0.001).After surgery,group B had a significantly lower serum HBV DNA load than group A [(0.008 1 ±0.003 2) × 105 copies/ml vs (0.014 3 ±0.008 9) × 105 copies/ml,t =18.54,P ＜ 0.001].In group A,there were significant differences in 1-,2-,and 3-year disease-free survival rates between patients with serum HBV DNA load ≥ 1.0 × 105 copies/ml and those with serum HBV DNA load ＜ 1.0 × 105 copies/ml (x2 =8.57,P ＜ 0.05),and further analysis showed that there were significant differences in 1-,2-,and 3-year disease-free survival rates (x2 =4.36,5.36,and 9.53,P ＜ 0.05);in group B,there were no significant differences in 1-,2-,and 3-year disease-free survival rates between these two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05).Serum HBV DNA expression was positively correlated with patients' survival time (r =0.67,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Lamivudine antiviral therapy after radical surgery can effectively reduce serum HBV DNA level,and helps to prolong the disease-free survival time of patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of bone marrow prolymphocytes increasing range from 5 ％ to 15 ％ after complete remission (CR) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia provide a prognosis index.Methods The cases of the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into three groups,namely A group (N ≤ 5 ％),B group (5 ％ ＜ N ≤ 10 ％),C group (10 ％ ＜ N ≤ 15 ％) according to the bone marrow lymphoblast percentage,and their relapse rates were analysed.Results After the CR,the appearance of bone marrow prolymphocytes slightly increased in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia accounted for 40.54 ％ (30/74).When the bone marrow prolymphocytes increased to 5 ％＜ N≤ 10 ％,the difference of relapse rates [21.05 ％ (4/19)] had no statistically significant compared with the negative control group [15.91％ (7/44)] (P =0.895),when they increased to 10 ％ ＜ N ≤ 15 ％,the difference of relapse rates [54.54 ％ (6/11)] had statistically significant compared with the negative control group (P =0.014).The difference of incidence rates of this slightly increasing between children' s B-ALL and T-ALL had no statistically significant (P =0.078).Conclusions The bone marrow prolymphocytes increase slightly (5 ％ ＜ N ≤ 10 ％) after CR in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia might be the normal bone marrow B-lineage lymphocytes' reactive hyperplasia and the prognosis is relatively well.When the bone marrow prolymphocytes increase to 10 ％ ＜ N≤ 15 ％,these prolymphocytes are most likely to be leukemia cells and indicate the possibility of relapse.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the application of the tragus cartilage in tympanoplasty. METHOD: Thirty-eight patients with tympanoplasty carried out tragus cartilage-perichondrium repairing tympanic membrane. The air-bone gap changes and the recovery of patients'tympanic membrane were evaluated at pre-operative and two months after the operation. RESULT: Thirty-one patients finishing follow-up visit showed tympanic membrane healed and looked like normal appearance in 1 to 3 months after the operation. The postoperation narrow of the air-bone gap >18 dB, tragus looked normal. CONCLUSION Tympanic membrane reconstruction using the tragus cartilage-perichondrium is feasible for tympanoplasty, and the survival rate and postoperative hearing would be acceptable.
Cartilage ; transplantation ; Ear Auricle ; Hearing ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Tympanic Membrane ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; Tympanoplasty ; methods