The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of implantation of the anti-cholinergic agents into different brain areas: hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), ventral and dorsal hippocampus, thalamus; and to analyse their effect on the neurogenic stress response. The experiment was performed in 60 anesthetized rats with sciatic nerve stimulation. It was found that atropine and hexamethonium implantation into PVH markedly inhibited the adrenocortical response evoked by sciatic stimuli at 30 and 60 min following stimulation. Vehicle implant in the same region was ineffective, suggesting that the action of the agent was specific in the PVR The implantation of atropine into the ventral hippocampus was effective at 30 min following onset of stimulation, and atropine implant in the dorsal hippocampus was ineffective. The above data suggest that atropine and hexamethonium have effect of inhibiting plasma corticosterone level following sciatic stimulation by acting through cholinergic M and N receptors on PVH and nearby neural tissue and that cholinergic M receptors in the ventral hippocampus may be involved in the modulation of stress response.

To investigate the mechanism of Xiefei Dingchuan injection (XFDCI,泻肺定喘注射液) in treating pulmonary hypertension by means of measuring the activity of Ca2＋Mg2＋ ATPase and Na＋K＋ATPase of red blood cell(RBC) membrane.Methods:The pulmonary hypertension models induced by monocrotaline in 18 rats were established then treated with XFDCI.Using cardiac catheter and chromatometry respectively the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and the activities of Ca2＋Mg2＋ATPase and Na＋K＋ATPase of RBC membrane were measured.Results:The activities of Ca2＋Mg2＋ATPase and Na＋K＋ATPase of RBC membrane in XFDCI group were obviously higher than those in pulmonary hypertension group.Conclusions:XFDCI is able to reduce the pulmonary hypertension and its mechanisms may be related to increasing the activities of Ca2＋Mg2＋ATPase and Na＋K＋ATPase of RBC membrane.

Adult chondrocytes had been used as seed cells in the previous tissue engineering; however, they possess the weaknesses including the limited proliferative capability in vitro and the liability to aging after amplification. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are multipotent cells, which can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. It is of great importance to study the regulation and control of BMSC directed induction because directed differentiation is required in the tissue engineering. During the BMSC differentiation towards chondrocytes, serious kinds of biological inducing factors participate in precise induction as signal factors. The physical factors, such as biomechanical strength and ultrasound, have been shown to be involved in the regulation of BMSC differentiation towards chondrocytes. In terms of tissue repair, apart from biological factors which play an important role in the formation of cartilage tissue, the chondrocyte microenvironment in vivo is indispensable. Bioreactor is a kind of device intended for in vitro tissue culture that incubates the cells or tissues taken from living bodies in simulated physiological environment in vivo. On the basis of original cell culture, the present bioreactors apply biomechanical stimulation to simulate the stressed environment of articular cartilage in vivo.

Pharmacy intravenous admixture service was built in accordance with the Australian criteria for intravenous drug admixture and managed in light of the ideas contained in the Accreditation Standards for Hospital released by the US Joint Commission International. Cytoxic drugs, total parenter-al nutrition solutions and intravenous infusions were centrally admixted in the service. Aseptic operation was stressed in the admixture of intravenous drugs while the appropriateness of drug use and the rationality of drug formulations were stressed in the review of doctors' orders. In practice, priority was given to environment and equipment management, qualification and certification of personnel and continuous education, the process was standardized, regulations for standard post operation and the rational use of drugs were formulated, and criteria for assessing doctors' orders were established All this has led to satisfactory results.

BACKGROUND:3D bioprinting has been used to print a variety of tissues including skin,vascular tissues,liver,cartilage,cardiac tissues,ear,and adipose tissues.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of 3D bioprinting technology in printing tissues or organs and its research progress in oral medicine.METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of PubMed and CNKI was performed to search articles concerning the application of 3D bioprinting technology in printing tissues,organs and stomatology which were published from 2006 to 2016,using the keywords of 3D bioprinting,3D pinting,organs,tissues,tissue engineering,stomatology,oral,cranio-maxillofacial in English and Chinese,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Direct cell-bioprinting is still in its early stage,even though 3D bioprinting has been applied to print various tissues such as skin,vascular tissues,liver,cartilage and cardiac tissues,etc.Although additive manufacturing technology has been widely used for printing different scaffolds of tissues and organs nowadays,there are no successful bioprinted tissues with biological functions in clinical practice.Even in oral medicine,most of the studies still remain in the stage of printing biological scaffolds.It is a long way to solve the problems such as source of cells,materials of biological scaffolds and types of extracellular matrix in the future,due to the complexity of human organism structure and the function expression of various tissues and organs.

BACKGROUND:Bioceramic has similar components compared to human bone tissue and it has shown good ostoconductivity both in vitro and in vivo.Meanwhile,it is biocompatible.So,bioceramics is considered as one of the most promising materials which can be applied to bone tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the properties of bioceramics and the research progress in experimental studies and clinical applications.METHODS:PubMed was searched for relevant articles published during 2000 to 2016 with the key words of bioceramics,hydroxylapatite,calcium phosphate,bioglass,bone tissue engineering in English.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bioceramic materials can be divided into two categories:calcium phosphates and bioactive glass.Calcium phosphates have good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity,while the mechanical property is not so satisfying.Bioactive glass is biocompatible and beneficial to the expression of some osteogenic genes,but it is brittle and weak.Some kinds of bioceramics have already been applied to clinical practice.In recent years,calcium phosphates have also been used as coated materials to improve the properties of tissue-engineered scaffolds.Bioceramics combined with synthetic polymers,shows better mechanical performance and biodegradation.Even so,it still has plenty of problems and challenges as a widely used bone repair material in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the quality of current domestic HIV antibody detecting kits and to assure the credibility of experimental results.Methods The sensitivity and specificity of three kinds of domestic HIV antibody detection ELISA kits made in three different years were evaluated and compared by testing the serum panel from National AIDS Reference Laboratory.Results The sensitivity of kits produced by three domestic manufacturers in 2001 is significantly better than the kits produced in 1998 and 1999.The false negative rates were apparently decreasing.Conclusions The quality of domestic HIV antibody detecting kits has been improving steadily.The sensitivity of double antigen sandwich ELISA assay is apparently better than the indirect ELISA assay.

Objective To explore the value of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)in grading gliomas.Methods 27 patients with brain glioma(gradeⅠ-Ⅱ in 1 1 cases and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ in 1 6 cases)confirmed by pathology were collected.Conventional MR and DTT were carried out and the bilateral corticospinal tracts(CST)were reconstructed before operation.The fiber density index (FDi)and relative FDi (rFDi= ipsilateral FDi/contralateral FDi)of CST was measured.Results The FDi of ipsilateral CST was lower than that of the contralateral CST in all patients(P <0.05).The bilateral FDi had no statistical difference in low-grade glioma (LGG)and high-grade glioma (HGG)(P >0.05).The rFDi of LGG was higher than that of HGG (P <0.05).Conclusion In com-bination with conventional MR,DTT can improve the accuracy of grading gliomas.

BACKGROUND:The rapidly developed transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells have been successfully used to substitute bone marrow transplantation and become the first choice method for transplantation of hemopoietic stem cells.It is relatively difficult to collect peripheral blood stem cells from young age and low body mass infants.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the safety and adverse effects of peripheral blood stem cell collection from young age and low body mass through the use of blood cell separator.METHODS:Two type 1 diabetes mellitus infants,aged younger than 2 years old and with body mass less than 15 kg,were treated using autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation.The two infants were adequately comforted to lesion the fear of collection.At 1 week prior to collection,calcium agent was orally taken to reduce the incidences of low calcium.Within 24 hours prior to collection,oily food was forbidden,and on the day of collection,milk was forbidden,to avoid chylemia,which influences blood collection.Prior to collection,200 mL 25 Gy y-ray radiated red blood cells suspension was injected into the tube,which was routinely placed in the subclavian vein,to avoid hypovolaemic syndrome and the effects on hematocrit.Individualized collection parameters were set,During collection,blood circulation volume was 3,4 times of systemic blood circulation to ensure sufficient total circulation volume.During isolation,the ratio of ACD to whole blood was kept between 1:11 and 1:13 to prevent sodium citrate poisoning.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Peripheral blood stem cells were successfully collected during first intention in each infant.During collection,stable vital signs but no adverse effects were observed.After collection,mononuclear cells weighted 14.71×108/kg and 18.82×108/kg respectively,and CD34+ cells were about 34.13×108/kg and 32.38×106/kg,respectively in each infant.Therefore,it is feasible to collect peripheral blood stem cells from infants of young age and low body mass under sufficient psychological preparation.

Objective To investigate the expression of histone acetylated H3 and H4, methylated H3K4 and H3K9 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods The expression of histone acetylated H3 and H4, methylated H3K4 and H3K9 were examined by SP immunohistochemistry technique in lymphoid tissue of 40 cases with DLBCL and 16 cases with proliferative lymphadenitis. Results The expression of histone acetylation of H3 and H4 were lower than that in proliferative lymphadenitis. Histone methylated H3K4 was lower in expression and H3K9 was in higher expression. There was a positive correlative expression between the global histone acetylation of H3 and H4, the global histone acetylation of H3, H4 and histone methylation of H3K4. Conclusion Improper modification of histone acetylations and methylations may play an important role in pathogenesis in DLBCL.