Objective To investigate the correlation between VEGF expression and MVD,clinicopathological features in bladder urothelial carcinoma.Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect VEGF in 54patients with primary bladder urothelial carcinoma and then counted the MVD in tumor,the relationship between VEGF expression and MVD was observed.Results The positive expression rate of VEGF in 54 patients with primary bladder urothelial carcinoma was 61.1％(33 cases),while there was no expression in normal bladder mucosa.MVD count of VEGF-positive group was significantly higher than VEGF-negative group,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05),and along with the enhanced of VEGF expression,MVD count increased significantly,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05); the expression of VEGF in cancer tissues enhanced significantly along with the increase of tumor grade,TNM stage and occurrence of lymph node metastasis(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The positive expression of VEGF was related with MVD and tumor malignant processes in bladder cancer,and it could provide valuable markers for the prognosis of patients.

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG),a natural medicine with anti-neoplastic activity,significantly prevent cancers via inhibiting tumor cell proliferation,suppressing angiogenesis and promoting apoptosis,etc.Furthermore,the new discoveries about anti-tumor mechanisms of EGCG in digestive system,reproductive system and respiratory system shorten the course of EGCG application in clinical.

Objective To explore the expression levels of HIF-1 α and MUC5AC,MUC5B mRNA in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) and their correlation.Methods Eighty cases of CRS with nasal polyps(CRSwNP) treated in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2015,80 cases of CRS without NP(CRSsNP) and 80 healthy people without CRS(control group) were chosen.Nasal sinus mucosa in 3 groups were collected and treated.The expressions of HIF-1 α,MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA were measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and their correlations were analyzed.Results The relative expression levels of HIF-1 α,MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA in the CRSwNP group or CRSsNP group were 1.35±0.85,1.35±0.91;0.80±0.55,0.79±0.49 and 1.18±1.01,1.21±1.02 respectively,while which in the control group were 0.42±0.33,0.43±0.36 and 0.47±0.43 respectively,the difference between the CRS groups and control group was statistically significant(P<0.05).The expression of HIF-1αin the CRSwNP group and CRSsNP group was positively correlated with MUC5AC,MUC 5B mRNA(r=0.476,P=0.023,r=0.476,P=0.026,r=0.478,P=0.035,r=0.508,P=0.021).The ROC analysis results showed AUC=0.956 4.Conclusion The expression levels of HIF-1α and MUC5AC,MUC5B mRNA in chronic rhinosinusitis are significantly upregulated,moreover HIF-1α is closely related with MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of drug release and the factors affecting the in vitro dissolubility of diclofenac potassium double-layer tablets(DPD).METHODS:UV-spectrophotometry and rotating basket method in the pha-rmacopeia of China 2000 edition were used to determine the in vitro dissolubility of DPD and Higuchi equation was adopeted to simulate the in vitro drug release.The main parameters of dissolution were stastistically analysed.RESULTS:Dissolution parameters of DPD were as follows:T0.3=0.10h,Td=3.30h,T0.9=9.19h.Hardness of tablets did not affect the dissolution rate significantly;pH of dissolution media significantly influenced on the rate.Rotation speed had a significant effect on dissolution action only at the beginning of test.CONCLUSION:DPD has good properties of fast and sustained release.Proper media is the key of in vitro drug release test,however,the ultimate results should be based on in vivo trial.

ObjectiveTo study the expression of growth factor receptor binding protein 2(GRB2) in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC),and clarify the role of GRB2 in the development and progression of BTCC.MethodsThe GRB2 expression of BTCC tissue from 60 patients who first got BTCC (BTCC group) and adjacent normal bladder from 30 patients(control group) were detected by SP immunohistochemical method.ResultsThe GRB2 positive expression rate of BTCC group [81.7％(49/60)] was significantly higher than that of control group [30.0％(9/30)] ( X2 =12.122,P ＜0.05).According to tumor histological grade,the GRB2 positive expression rate was grade Ⅰ[66.7％( 16/24)] ＜gradeⅡ [89.3％(17/19)] ＜grade Ⅲ [94.1％(16/17)],grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ,Ⅲ had significant difference (P ＜0.05),but grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).The GRB2 positive expression rate in the clinical stage was stage T1 [63.0％ (17/27)]＜ stage T2 [95.7％ (22/23)] ＜ stage T3[ 100.0％(10/10) ],stage T1 and stage T2,T3 had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ),but stage T2 and stage T3 had no significant difference (P ＞0.05).The GRB2 expression among different gender and age had no significant difference (P ＞0.05).ConclusionsGRB2 has high expression in BTCC tissues.GRB2 expression is related to tumor histological grade andclinical stage.GRB2 plays an important role in the process of BTCC cell proliferation and differentiation.

BACKGROUND: Systematic family therapy focuses on the interaction,and group counseling contributes to the improving of interpersonal relationship. To introduce the ideas and techniques of systematic family therapy into school situations, which is necessary to the peer relationship improvement of disliked children in the class.OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of introducing the ideas and techniques of systematic family therapy into school situations with the aim of improving the peer relationship.DESIGN: Inequality experiment group and control group design.SETTING: Institute of Educational Sciences and Administration, Yunnan Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was carried out in Kunming No.l Primary School from September 2000 to April 2001. Two out of three ordinary classes in Grade Six were chosen to take part in the experiment at the school. Both classes were similar in performance, total number and composing. Class 3 of Grade 6 (n=46) was made experiment class randomly,and Class 1 of Grade 6 (n=41) was comparison class. Children of both classes were measured by the Social Distance Scale for Children at the same time, which was described in 5 grades. All children were required to evaluate their classmates by the list. The following 5 grades respectively scored 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 point: making best friend with him or her willingly,hope to be with him or her in the same class but not the best friend, being with him or her willingly but not many times or too long, he or her may be in our class but have no intercourse, hope him or her not to be in our class. The evaluation result was statistically analyzed, and the higher the mean score of child had, the more popular he was. Five male children who was the farthest from their peers in the experiment class were taken as the experiment group according to the score of Social Distance Scale for Children, who were 12-13 years old with a mean age of 12.7 years. Another 5male children in the other class were selected as the control group by the same way, who were 12-13 years old with a mean age of 12.5 years.METHODS: The idea of systematic family therapy was introduced into the experiment group, including 10 times of group counseling, which were carried out by games, role-playing, group discussion, brain-storming etc.The "everyday work" was assigned to the class as the techniques of systematic family therapy required, especially for children in the experiment group such as "keep secret progress account", and teachers and classmates were required to watch and note their members' progress secretly.While children in the control group and corresponding class were given no intervention measure. Children of both classes were tested by the Social Distance Scale for Children to evaluate the changes in peer relationship during and after the experiment respectively. And children in the experiment group were required to fill in the Group Activity Viewpoint Questionnaire.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison in score of Social Distance Scale for Children before, during and after the intervention, and the investigation on viewpoint about group activity in the experiment group.RESULTS: A total of 10 children in both groups were involved in the analysis of results. There was no significant difference between children of the two groups in social distance before intervention and during it(t=0.232,1.089, P ＞ 0.05). It cotld be Iearnt from the experiment after test that the score in children of the experiment group was remarkably higher than that of the control group (t=3.169, P ＜ 0.05). The effect of group activity on children in the experiment group was remarkably clear and excellent.CONCLUSION: It is effect and feasible to introduce the idea and techniques of systematic family therapy into school situations, aiming at improving the peer relationship of children.

Objective To investigate the visual impairment and its rehabilitation after stroke.Methods After diagnosis of stroke by the neurologists, the patients received examinations of ocular pathology and visual function, especially in vision correction and rehabilitation. Results Five hundred and forty-seven stroke patients were recruited. 47.0% of the patients had eye alignment/movement impairment, 34.0% had visual field impairment, 19. 0% had visual perceptual difficulties and 19.9% had low vision blind. After using telescope, 35.7% blind patient's distance vision was ≥0.05; 58.2% low vision patient's distance vision was ≥0.3. After refraction (average vision:0.36±0.34 vs. 0.48 ±0.36,t =- 3.949,P=0.03) or using telescope(average vision of patients had low vision:0. 13±0. 07 vs. 0. 46±0.26,t=-5. 208,P=0.01 ;average vision of blind patients:0. 01 ±0.01 vs. 0. 06±0. 05,t = -3. 628, P= 0. 05), the improvement of vision for patients was significant.Conclusions The 72% of stroke patients has some kinds of visual impairment, which will affect not only the patients' independent living but also the clinical rehabilitation. Refraction and using telescope are effective for vision rehabilitation. Doctors should pay much attention to the visual therapy and rehabilitation for the stroke patients.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of budesonide inhalation combined with psychotherapy on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods 90 cases diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from January 2014 to June 2015 were randomly divided into two groups, 45 cases in each group.The control group received budesonide inhalation, and observation group received psychotherapy on the basis of control group.The serum airway remodeling indexes, sputum inflammatory indicators and blood gas indexes were compared between two groups .Results After two weeks’ treatment, the serum basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P <0.05), the sputum interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), PaO2in observation group was higher and PaCO2was lower than those in control group (P <0.05).There was no significant difference in pH value between two groups (P <0.05). Conclusion Budesonide inhalation combined with psychotherapy has a good effect on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is better than that of budesonide alone.

Objective To investigate the changes in regional cerebral blood flow and its relationship with atrophy of the entorhinal cortex in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Twenty eight patients including ten cases with aMCI,nine case with mild AD and nine cases with moderate to severe AD were enrolled.The cognitive function was evaluated by revised version of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS-R) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive part (ADAS-cog).Regional cerebral blood flow was evaluated by 99mTc-ECD SPECT and easy Z score imaging system (eZIS).Z scores of voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease (VSRAD) were used to assess the degree of atrophy of the entorhinal cortex.Results The Z-score in eZIS was lower in mild to severe AD group than in aMCI group [(1.57±0.46),(1.50±0.54) vs.(1.00±0.50),F=4.58,P=0.022],which showed that the regional cerebral blood flow of cingulate was lower in AD group than in aMCI group.The Z-score in eZIS in bilateral frontal lobes and left hippocampus were higher in moderate to severe AD group than those in aMCI group than in aMCI and mild AD group respectively [(1.43± 0.79) vs.(0.67±0.50),(0.88±0.64); (1.43±0.79) vs.(0.67±0.50),(0.75±0.46); (1.86± 0.50) vs.(1.33±0.50),(1.75±0.46),F=2.90,3.81 and 3.06,respectively,P=0.077,0.039 and 0.068],which showed that the regional cerebral blood flow of bilateral frontal lobes and left hippocampus were lower in moderate to severe AD group than in aMCI group.The score of HDS-R had a negative correlation (r =-0.568,-0.481,P=0.004,0.017) and the score of ADAS-cog had a positive correlation (r=0.462,0.459; P =0.030,0.032) with regional cerebral blood flow in hippocampus.Conclusions The regional cerebral blood flow of cingulate gyrus is decreased in early stage of AD,and involves in frontal lobe and hippocampus along with the deterioration of diseases.The changes of cognitive function are correlated with cerebral blood flow in hippocampus.The Z-score in eZIS can effectively evaluate the changes of regional cerebral blood flow in aMCI and AD patients.

[Objective]To develop macroporous calcium phosphate cements(CPCs) by incorporating the gelatin microspheres(GMs) and to evaluate the performance of the composite as a bone substitute in vitro and in vivo. [Methods]GMs were prepared by improved emulsified cold-condensation method and macroporous CPCs were developed using GMs with three different weight ratios (0%,2.5% and 5%). The porosity and the compression strength of the three composites were measured to determine the proper weight ratio of GMs. The morphologic changes of osteoblasts were examined with scanning electron microscope at two days after the cells were seeded on the CPCs and GMs/CPCs. The cells were also cultured with different leaching liquor of three kinds of materials (0%,2.5% GMs/CPCs and polystyrene).Cell viability analysis was performed by MTT assay,and alkaline phosphatase was measured with alkaline phosphatase kit. At six months after implanted in the goat vertebre ,the samples with CPCs or GMs/CPCs were obtained and evaluated by X-ray image and histological anatomy.[Results]Porosity of the GMs/CPCs increased with the increase of GMs,but compression strength decreased. The proliferation and differentiation of the osteoblasts were enhanced with the 2.5% GMs/CPCs compared to the CPCs. In vivo study showed that the degradation of GMs/CPCs was improved.[Conclusion]Macroporous calcium phosphate cements can be developed by incorporating gelatin microspheres,and biocompatibility and degradability of the composite can be enhanced. The composite can be used as a bone substitute under non-loaded circumstances.