Cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) often present concurrently in aged persons. There has been a longstanding controversy among clinicians as to whether cataract surgery is contraindicated in eyes with AMD. Most of previous researches indicated that cataract surgery could accelerate the progression of AMD. However recently studies suggested that cataract surgery improved visual function of the patients and didn't accelerate the progression of AMD. These are related to the development of cataract surgery and the using of phacoemulsification technique.

Objective To observe spinal cord neurotoxicity injury induced by mixture of bupiv-acaine-lidocaine compared with mixture of ropivacaine-lidocaine.Methods Forty-eight SD rats,weig-hing 250-300 g,were randomly allocated into 6 groups (n =8):NS group (group N),1.065% bupi-vacaine group (group B),1.5% ropivacaine group (group R),5% lidocaine group (group L),mix-ture group of 5% lidocaine and 1.065% bupivacaine (group LB)or mixture group of 5% lidocaine and 1.5% ropivacaine (group LR).The rats were given intrathecal cathetering after anesthesia.Tail-flick test (TFL)and the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT)of rats in each group were meas-ured 1 d before operation (the baseline values)and 1 d,2 d,3 d and 4 d after intrathecal administra-tion.The movement of rat double hind legs were observed at 10 min,30 min,1 h,2 h,3 h and 4 h and 1 d,2 d,3 d and 4 d after intrathecal administration,and the changes of recovery time of lower limbs were recorded.The rats were sacrificed 4 days postoperatively followed by observation on the indexes mentioned above,and spinal cord and cauda equine were taken for staining.Then the patho-logical changes of spinal cord were observed under light and electron microscope,and caudal nerve was rated for pathological injury.Results TFLs of group LR were obviously longer than those of group N,L,B,R,LB 1-4 d after intrathecal administration (P <0.05);Compared with the group N,there was no statistical difference of TFL in the group L,B,R,LB;there was no statistically sig-nificant difference of rat MWT in comparison among the six groups at each time point.There was no statistically significant difference among six groups in recovery time of movement after intrathecal ad-ministration;and the pathological injury scores were obviously higher in group LR than that of group N,L,B,R,LB (P <0.05),respectively.Compared with the group N,there was no statistical difference of the pathological injury scores in the group L,B,R and LB,respectively.Under light microscopy observa-tion:the structure of spinal cord was normal in group N,B and R.In group L and LB,there was focal ede-ma of neurofibers.In group LR,there was edema of neurofibers or demyelination,accompanied with white mass edema in posterior horn of spinal cord.Under electron microscope,only slight edema of medullated fi-bers and unmyelinated nerve fiber was seen in group B and group R;part of the medullated fibers appeared sparse focal lamellar structure in group L and group LB;swelling and degeneration of neuraxon,separation of neuraxon from myelin sheath and disappearance of unmyelinated nerve fiber were seen in group LR. Conclusion The mixture of 5% lidocaine with 1.5% ropivacaine is more neurotoxic to spinal cord than the single administration of lidocaine or ropivacaine,moreover it is not obviously changed compared with the mixture of lidocaine with equipotent bupivacaine.

Objective To investigate whether lamivudine antiviral treatment after radical surgery can prolong disease-free survival of patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer.Methods A total of 120 patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer who underwent conventional radical surgery in Dongfeng Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Medical College from March 2014 to March 2016 were enrolled,and among these patients,60 were given conventional treatment (group A) and 60 were given lamivudine antiviral treatment (group B).ELISA was used to measure serum HBV DNA level.The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups,the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare disease-free survival rate and recurrence rate between groups,and the Spearman method was used to investigate the correlation between serum HBV DNA level and survival time.Results According to the results of the 3-year follow-up,71 patients (59.17％) died (group A:46 patients died of tumor and 4 died of hepatic encephalopathy;group B:20 died of tumor and 1 died of hepatic encephalopathy).Compared with group A,group B had significantly lower recurrence rate (48.33％ vs 90.00％,x2 =16.98,P ＜0.001) and mortality rate within 3 years (35.00％ vs 83.33％,x2 =10.34,P ＜ 0.001).Group B had significantly higher mean disease-free survival time and 1-,2-,and 3-year dis-ease-free survival rates than group A(t =9.82,x2 =7.87,11.43,and 7.98,all P ＜ 0.001).After surgery,group B had a significantly lower serum HBV DNA load than group A [(0.008 1 ±0.003 2) × 105 copies/ml vs (0.014 3 ±0.008 9) × 105 copies/ml,t =18.54,P ＜ 0.001].In group A,there were significant differences in 1-,2-,and 3-year disease-free survival rates between patients with serum HBV DNA load ≥ 1.0 × 105 copies/ml and those with serum HBV DNA load ＜ 1.0 × 105 copies/ml (x2 =8.57,P ＜ 0.05),and further analysis showed that there were significant differences in 1-,2-,and 3-year disease-free survival rates (x2 =4.36,5.36,and 9.53,P ＜ 0.05);in group B,there were no significant differences in 1-,2-,and 3-year disease-free survival rates between these two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05).Serum HBV DNA expression was positively correlated with patients' survival time (r =0.67,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Lamivudine antiviral therapy after radical surgery can effectively reduce serum HBV DNA level,and helps to prolong the disease-free survival time of patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer.

AIM: To decide the effect that selected siRNA degrades mRNA of IL-1? specifically and suppression of its expression after connected with target site with homology complementary sequence. METHODS: Synthesized DNA expression box aimed directly at target site through PCR reaction in vivo was purified, and transfected into lymphocytes stimulated by LPS. siRNA was transcribed by cellular endogenous RNA polymerase Ⅲ and then evoke the degradation of target mRNA. After 48 hours of transfection, the cell culture supernatant was collected and the concentration of IL-1? was assayed using ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with blank-control and negative-control, selected sequence decreased the expression of IL-1?. Rate of the suppression was about 15%. CONCLUSION: RNAi technology produces specific interference effect in mouse spleen lymphocytes in original culture and inhibits the excretion of IL-1?.

AIM To investigate the effects of homoharringtonine (HHT) on the expression of caspase-3 pro-tein and mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE-2Z. METHODS After CNE-2Z cells were treated with HHT [0(control),0.125,0.25,0.5,1 mg?L -1] for 8 h, the expression of pro-caspase-3 protein was analyzed by Western Blot and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS As HHT-concentration increased, the expression of pro-caspase-3 protein decreased significantly (P

Objective NKT cells are very important as a kind of non-specific immune cells. Much attention in antitumor significance has been received in the study of its effect on malignant diseases. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of NKT cells and its CD+8 NKT subsets in peripheral blood of esophageal patients and normal person, and to analyze the changes in the expression of NKG2D and NKG2A receptorsand its clinical pathological factors. Methods By flow cytometric analysis, 53 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 39 normal controls were analysed for peripheral blood of NKT cells and CD+8 NKT subsets, and the expression of NKT cells NKG2A and expression of NKG2D receptor. The clinical pathological factors were collected for the comparative analysis. Results Compared with the normal control group, the expression of NKT cells in peripheral blood of esophageal patients increased [(4.32±0.73) %, (5.97±1.29) %] (t =3.562, P <0.01), and the expression level of its surface receptor NKG2D reduced [(17.56±5.92) %, (15.12±1.56) %] (t =3.892, P <0.05), but the express levels of NKG2A [(4.02±1.41) %, (5.99±4.59) %] in creased (r = 4.015, P <0.05), those expression change with the development of the esophageal cancer. Conclusion The increased expression of NKT cells and CD+8 NKT subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with esophageal carcinoma refletcs that the immune feedback of patients' antineoplastic effect is strengthened. The decresed expression of the active receptor NKG2D and the increased expression of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A on NKT cells might be one of mechanisms leading to the reduction of NKT cell activity and immune escape of patients with esophageal carcinoma. The changes of surface receptors of NKT cells may be associated with the development of the esophageal cancer.

Objective To observe the effects of low frequency electrostimulation(LFES)on sleep disorder of patients after acute cerebral infarction(ACI)as evaluated by using polysomnography,and on the recovery of neurological deficits. Methods Seventy cases of acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into two groups,a treatment group and a control group.Both groups were treated with routine drugs, and the treatment group was also treated with LFES in addition.The changes of neurological deficits(ND) scores and such parameters of polysomnography as sleep latency(SL),total sleep time (TST),sleep efficiency(SE%),sleep maintenance(SMT),rapid eye movement sleep(REM),REM latency(RL),REM time(RT),REM activity(RA),REM density(RD).stage 1 sleep(S1),stage 2 sleep(S2)and deep sleep (S3+4) were observed.Results It was shown that,after treatment,both groups got significant improvement in terms of the ND scores and all the polysomnography parameters except RA,S1 and S2,(P<0.01),and the treatment group improved to a significantly greater extend when compared with the control group (P<0.01).Conclusion It is concluded that LFES could promote recovery of neural function and sleep disorder of ACI patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen post-conditioning on the expression of P2X4 receptors in the spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus of rats with neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Seventytwo male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 300-350 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),NP group and hyperbaric oxygen postconditioning group (group H).NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury.The rats in group H underwent hyperbaric oxygen treatment once a day for 7 consecutive days starting from 1 day after NP was successfully induced.After the rats were placed in the hyperbaric oxygen chamber,the pressure was increased at a rate of 10 kPa/min until the hyperbaric oxygen was at 2.0 atmosphere absolute,and maintained at this level for 60 min,and then the pressure was decreased at a rate of 10 kPa/min until the normal pressure was reached.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before NP was induced and 1,3,7 and 14 days after NP was induced.After the end of measurement,6 rats were randomly chosen from each group and then sacrificed and the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord and hippocampal tissues were removed for determination of the expression of P2X4 receptors (by immunohistochemistry).Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was shortened,and P2X4 receptor expression in the spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus was up-regulated in NP and H groups.Compared with group NP,the MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged,and P2X4 receptor expression in the spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus was down-regulated in group H.Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen post-conditioning mitigates NP by down-regulating the expression of P2X4 receptors in the spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus of rats.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection with ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) for the treatment of post-stroke lower limb spasticity.Methods One hundred and three stroke patients with lower limb spasticity were randomly divided into control group,observation group and treatment group.The patients in control group were given routine treatment,those in observation group were given botulinum toxin type A injection in addition to routine treatment,and those in treatment group were treated with AFO on the basis of the interventions of observation group.Before treatment and at 1,3 and 6 months after treatment,clinic spasticity index (CSI) and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA),Berg balance scale (BBS) and functional independence measure (FIM) were used to evaluate the efficacy of all groups.Results When compare the assessment results at 1 month after treatment with those before treatment,statistically significant difference in terms of scores of CSI,FMA and FIM were revealed in treatment group and observation group (P ＜ 0.05),but not in the control group (P ＞ 0.05).Within-group comparison with the results at 1 month after treatment,the scores of CSI at 3 and 6 months increased in control group and observation group,while decreased in treatment group(P ＜ 0.05),although the scores of FMA and FIM increased in all groups and the increase was statistically significant only in treatment group(P ＜ 0.05).Between-group comparison of the scores in CSI,FMA and FIM showed no significant difference between the observation and control groups(P ＞ 0.05).It was shown that the scores of BBS at 1,3,and 6 months improved continuously in all groups(P ＜0.05),the improvements in treatment group were significantly greater than that of observation group and control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A injection with AFO could further improve lower limb muscle spasticity,and enhance motor,balance and activities of daily life for stroke patients.

AIM To study the effects of homoharringtonine(HHT) on inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE 2Z. METHODS The inhibitory rates of the proliferation and IC 50 were detected by MTT method. The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), agarose gel electrophoresis and Hoechst 33258/PI fluorescence staining. RESULTS After cells were treated with HHT of different concentrations for 24, 48 and 72 h,respectively,the inhibitory rates of the proliferation rised with concentration and time. The IC 50 values of 24, 48 and 72 h were (0 629?0 039), (0 483?0 011) and (0 389?0 027) mg?L -1 , respectively. The difference among IC 50 values was obvious ( P