MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous,small,non-coding,single-stranded RNA molecules,which can specifically bind to the 3'-terminal non-coding regions of mRNA chain to induce posttranscriptional gene silencing effect and regulate the expression of mRNA.Recent studies have shown that miRNAs have extensively involved in various pathophysiological processes,including atherosclerosis,cerebral ischemia and hypoxia tolerance,cerebral edema,neuronal cell death,suggesting miRNAs may be used as biological markers of the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke and the biological target of early treatment.This article reviews the biological characteristics of miRNAs,its relationship with ischemic stroke and mechanism of action in order to provide new evidence and ideas for miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate clinical value of povidone -iodine disinfection for prevention of postpartum endometritis and abdominal incision infection in cesarean, to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods 160 cases of puerpera women were selected, all of them underwent uterine segment cesarean section. According to the digital table,they were divided into control group and observation group,80 cases in each group.In the observation group previous cesarean group remained untreated 30min before cesarean vaginal experiments 0.4%povidone-iodine for disinfection.The maternal postpartum endometritis incidence,abdominal incision infection rate, visual analogue scale,leukocyte index WBC,erythrocyte sedimentation rate index ( ESR) ,C-reactive protein ( CRP) were compared in the two groups.Results There were 32 cases of postoperative endometritis,12 cases (15.00%) occurred in the observation group, 20 cases ( 25.00%) occurred in the control group, the overall incidence of endometritis between the two groups had statistically significant difference (χ2 =5.945,P=0.025);endometritis 5cases (17.86%) premature rupture of membranes occurred in the observation group,the control group had 10 cases (31.25%),the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =6.565,P=0.009).Postpartum WBC,ESR,CRP in the observation group were significantly lower compared to the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t=5.045,P=0.007;t=7.945,P=0.001;t=8.676,P=0.000).In the observation group,postoperative abdominal incision infection rate was 3.75%,compared with the control group,there was no significant difference (χ2 =1.021, P=0.124).The VAS score of the observation group was (3.94 ±0.74),which was significantly lower than (6.25 ± 1.05) of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t=6.331,P=0.010).Conclusion Previous cesarean vaginal povidone-iodine disinfection is effective in preventing postpartum endometritis,but can't help to low abdominal incision infection or improve wound healing.

Objective To review the research progress of functional magnetic resonance imaging in Self -referential Processing (SRP) of patients with Depression based on the papers published from 2004 to 2014 at abroad and domestic,with an attempted to explore the neuromechanism of depression and to provide reference for treatment of depression.Methods Major online database including PubMed,EBSCO,Ovid,Medline,Clinicalkey,Wan Fang,CNKI,Cqvip,and CBM date bases were searched in Octobor 2014.The key words we used are depressionor depressive disorder,Self-referential Processing or rumination orautobiographical memory or Self-face recognition, Functional Magnetic Resonance Inaging(tMRI)and so on.Results 28 studies were adopted in this study,findings from the study showed:①rumination,autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval,and self-face recognition(SFR) are SRP paradigms,the cortical midline structures (CMS)and default mode network (DMN) were involved in the SRP of depression.②Both medication and cognitive behavioral therapy could reduce the abnormal activation of CMS and DMN in patients with depression.Conclusioins ①Both CMS and DMN may be the neuromechanism of SRP of depression.②Both CMS and DMN may be used as objective indicators to evaluate the treatment response in patients with depression.

Psychotherapy is a sort of arts based on science following the general principles of social science and natural science.Meanwhile,the content of psychotherapy,the process of the practice,and the relationship be-tween the help-seekers and the helpers reflect substantial humanistic connotation and are bound up with cultural and subcultural transmission and reality context.This paper is a commentary on the article written by an Indonesian fel-low T.Citraningtyas discussing the mother's role in the matriarchal society and its modern meanings.We discussed that the phenomenon of being cultural extinctionalso presents in China.Although the main stream in Chinese cul-ture is still patriarchic familism,the remainder of matriarchal society still exists in the basic emotional models of parent-child relationship.The deprivation and frustration related with filial piety and kinship may cause the conse-quence of cultural extinctionin the individual level.Referring the theory of Wen-Shing Tseng on the mechanisms of the cultural influence on psychopathology,from the perspective of understanding psychology,we emphasized the importance of cultural empathy and recommended the systemic clinical thinking way of empathic considering and contextualizing.Last but not least,we discussed the second case of the overseas migrant workers and their left-at-home childrenin this article within Chinese context.Moreover,besides the 61 million left-at-home children in rural areas,there are a large amount of substitute-raised children by their grandparents who might be also in the risk of being impaired physically and psychologically.This problematic phenomenon may relate to the living stress and the cultural encouragement as well.By providing a critique discussion with the related theories of correlation of the in-secure attachment with psychological disorders in childhood and adulthood,this commentary encouraged humble learning from our Indonesian fellows and appealed for greater appreciation of separate mothers and their children a-mong Chinese clinicians.

Psychotherapy is a kind of medical treatments based on interpersonal interaction that is highly context-dependent.While psychotherapy is an important treatment in clinical work and its effectness has been confirmed with wide practical application,its adverse effects has received little attention.This article will review the literaturesand discuss the possible side effects and relatedfactors of psychotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the function recovery and treatment effect of extended supraglottic orizontal-partial laryngectomy in the treatment of advanced laryngeal carcinoma and vallecula carcinoma. METHOD: Forty-four patients who received extended supraglottic orizontal partial laryngectomy were followed up on the survival, breath function, pronunciation and swallowing function. RESULT: The 2-year, 3-year survival rates of this group were 72.7% and 71.4%, respectively. There were no recurrence cases in this group. All cases of death were due to cervical lymph node metastasis or recurrent cervical lymph node metastasis after cervical lymph node dissection. The extractive rate of tracheostomy tube was 97.7%. Forty-two patients own good pronunciations. Two patients who received partial arytenoid cartilage resection own weaker pronunciations. After practising, all the patients can eat without the nasal feeding tube. CONCLUSION Extended supraglottic orizontalpartial laryngectomy give complete resection of the primary lesion. Patients who received extended supraglottic orizontalpartial laryngectomy have good breath, swallowing and pronunciation function.
Arytenoid Cartilage ; surgery ; Epiglottis ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laryngectomy ; methods ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Survival Rate ; Tracheostomy

Object:To describe Chinese systemic family therapy process through analysis on the therapeutic experience of 4 Chinese systemic family therapists.Method:Four well-certificated systemic family therapists in China were selected as research sample.A semi-structure interview under the guidance of a self-compiled interview outline was made with every therapist.Transferred raw data was analyzed with deductive thematic analysis following 5 steps:coding,themes searching,themes reviewing,themes defining and naming,themes merging and revision.Results:(1)Respectively 102,93,97,and 95 codes were got from each piece of interview raw data,which generated 57,52,50,and 33 primary themes.Five main themes emerged from the merging of the primary themes.(2)Themes and sub-themes constructed the theoretical hypothesis on the change process of Chinese systemic family therapy.Conclusion:There is an experiential manipulating model in Chinese systemic family therapy process under the guidance of systemic therapeutic philosophy,which is integrated with some therapeutic technique from other psychotherapy models.This model can be studied with deductive thematic analysis.

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Version (PQ-B).Methods By convenience sampling,122 college students and clinical psychology outpatients were assessed by PQ-B and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90).Eighty among them were rctcstcd with the PQ-B after 2 weeks to test test-retest reliability.Correlation analysis,exploratory factor analysis were used for data processing.Results The internal consistency reliability of the Chinese version of PQ-B was 0.894,the correlation coefficient between each item and total score were higher than 0.347 (all P ＜ 0.01),and when each of the total items deleted,the Cronbach' s Alpha of the whole score was lower than 0.894.Moreover,the test-retest reliability was 0.71 (P ＜ 0.01) and the Guttman Split-Half Coefficient was 0.874.The exploratory factor analysis showed that KMO was 0.833,and 65.22％ of the total variation could be explained by 6 factors,and the rotated pattern matrix value of item were 0.404-0.896 by direct oblimin.The total PQ-B score and the score of most of the extracted factors was significantly correlated with SCL-90(r=0.233-0.725,P＜0.01),while factor 5 had low correlation with subscales of Obsessive-Compulsive,Interpersonal Sensitivity,Depression and Hostility in SCL-90(r=0.154-0.206,P＞0.01).Conclusion The Chinese version of PQ-B suggested primarily good reliability and validity.

Objective To explore the characteristics of family functioning between parents and adolescent and the association of adolescents' self-esteem,and depression.Methods Data were collected from reports of 257 middle school students and their parents in Shanghai,and by self-evaluation questionnaires including the depression scale,the self-esteem scale,and the family adaptability and cohesion scale.Results ①Adolescent perceived more negative than parents in the family adaptability (69.02 ± 11.49),(70.60± 9.60) and cohesion (43.84 ± 9.25),(46.56±7.86),and the difference in family adaptability were significant (t=4.064,P＜0.01).② Adolescents' self-esteem positively related to their family cohesion(r=0.525) and adaptability (r=0.427,P＜0.01),while depression negatively related to family cohesion(r=-0.565) and adaptability (r=-0.475,P＜0.01).③Students in families with high adolescent-parent perceptual differences in family functioning showed more depressive symptom,lower level of self-esteem than those in low adolescent-parent perceptual differences,and the difference were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Adolescents' self-esteem,depression symptoms are significantly related to their familyadaptability and cohesion,the adolescent-parent perceptual differences in family functioning may also affect adolescents' psychological well being.

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the junior high school students reared by their grandparents in 0～3 years old have more emotional and behavioral problems than their counterparts who reared by birth parents since birth. MethodsThis study was carried out to compare emotional and behavioral outcomes,using Youth Self-Report(YSR) between junior high school students reared by their grandparents in 0～3 years old and junior high school students reared by birth parents since their birth. ResultsTwo-sample test showed that the study group had significantly higher raw scores of the YSR sub-scale of somatic complaint[(2.93±2.83) vs (2.00±2.35),t=2.08,P＜0.05],social problems[(3.56±2.20) vs (2.42±1.99),t=3.15,P＜0.01],thought problems[(3.29±3.26) vs (2.16±2.29),t=2.30,P＜0.05],delinquency [(2.77±2.33) vs 2.01±1.60),t=2.19,P＜0.05] ,aggression[(7.89±6.32) vs 5.96±4.66),t=2.01,P＜0.05],externalizing problems [(10.67±8.07) vs (7.97±5.61),t=2.19,P＜0.05]and total problems [(42.64±22.76) vs (33.61±19.25),t=2.47,P＜0.05]than the comparison group. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to control the effects of live events stress. The following analyses showed that the two groups showed no significant difference except for social problems (P＜0.05). ConclusionMany factors that affect mental health of the junior high school students. There is a significant differences in the social problems between the junior high school students reared by grandparents from infancy to the toddler stage and their counterparts. The grandparents should pay more attention to help their grandchildren developing social skills in their babyhood.