Objective To observe the influence of sodium phosphocreatine on the hemodynamics,human heart fatty acid binding protein (hFABP),cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) during perioperative period.Methods Forty patients (ASA grade Ⅱ to Ⅲ ) with extensive myocardial ischemia diagnosed by preoperative electrocardiogram were divided into two groups:sodium phosphocreatine group (group A) and control group (group B) with 20 cases each by random digits table. Both groups underwent routine preoperative preparation and group A were given sodium phosphocreatine 2 g/d till anesthesia induction immediately in the operation day. Hemodynamic parameters including mean artery pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR),cardiac output (CO), stroke index (SI) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were recorded respectively at 3 d before treatment (T0), anesthesia induction immediately before ( T1 ), tracheal intubation immediately after (T2),tracheal extubation immediately after (T3). And blood hFABP and cTnl levels were detected. Results Compared with group B, there was no significant difference in HR of group A at To to T3 (P ＞ 0.05 ). MAP,CO, SI at T1 to T3 of group A were significantly higher than those of group B(P＜ 0.05 ) ;whereas PVR,blood hFABP and cTnI levels were lower than those of group B (P ＜ 0.05 ). The incidence of arrhythmogenesis of group A [20%(4/20)] was lower than that of group B [45%(9/20)](P＜0.05). Conclusion Sodium phosphocreatine has good protective effect on the myocardium in the patients with myocardial ischemia during perioperative period.

Objective In order to assess the value of Echinoccocus granulosus cyclophilin A (EgypA) in immune diagnosis,this novel gene was cloned and expressed.Methods By screening the EST library,the coding region of EgCypA was identified,and the PCR primers were designed based on this sequence.Bioinformatic tools were used to deduce the amino acid sequence of EgCypA and analyzed its biological characteristics.EgCypA was amplified from E.granulosus cDNA library by using PCR.Then,it was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a and transformed into E.coli BL21.The recombinant protein was expressed in E.coli BL21 after IPTG induction.The immunogenicity of EgCypA was evaluated by Western blot using the Echinoccocus granulosus and other parasites infected animals' sera.Results Results of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis show that the recombinant BL21 expressed 18 400-25 000 protein,which was identical with the molecular weight calculated by bioinformatic analysis.Western blot shows that the recombinant protein only reacted with its immune serum and E.granulosus cystic fluid immune serum,and EgCypA immune serum could react with the excretion and secretion antigen from E.granulosus protoscolexes,and no cross-reaction between EgCypA and sera from other parasites infected animals.Conclusions Cloning and expression of EgCypA are successful.EgCypA has good immunologic activity and could be a candidate molecular for immune diagnosis of echinococcosis in early stage.

Objective To recognize and identify the arginase(ARG)gene of Schistosoma japonicum(Sj),and to study its protection potential as a vaccine.Methods The 5'-end of the ARG gene from the Sj cercariae cDNA library was amplified by nested-PCR and the sequence was identified by bioinformatics.The complete coding sequence(CDS)was cloned into pET30a(+)vector,and a recombinant SjARG protein(rSjARG)was expressed,purified and used to raise antibodies.ARG's activity as an enzyme was tested by ornithine-ninhydrin reaction.Western blotting was used to compare the immunologic characteristics of rSjARG with that of the native one in Sj adult worm.Indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to immunolocalize it.For evaluating the protection potential of rSjARG,mice were immunized by the recombinant protein and challenged by cercariae of S.japonicum.Results The CDS length of the SjARG novel gene was identified as 1095bp.rSjARG showed enzyme activity and the same immunologic characteristics with the native arginase in adult worm.SjARG located in the genital organ and gut of both sexes.The worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate in rSjARG group were 55.8% and 48.8% respectively,higher than that of the rSj26GST group(28.6% and 6.89% respectively).Conclusion SjARG gene was identified,which shows a higher protection than the Sj26GST.

Objective To observe the histopathologic injury of small intestine and intestinal permeability in chronic renal failure (CRF) rats. Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to CRF group (n=10) and control group (n=10). 5/6 nephrectomy was used to establish CRF rats, while sham operation for control. Blood biochemistry was regularly monitored until CRF model was successfully established. The model rats were fed with lactulose (L) and mannitol (M) through intragastric administration. Urine was collected after 6 hours, and the concentration of lactulose and mannitol in urine was measured using high pressure liquid chromatograph with refractive index detector (HPLC-RID), and the ratio of urinary excretion of L/M was calculated to evaluate intestinal permeability. Small intestinal mucosa were stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and observed with light microscope (villus height, thickness of muscle layer and villus count), histological damage score was used to evaluate intestinal injury. Results The L/M ratio of CRF group was higher than that of control group (1.75±0.11 vs 1.20±0.06, P<0.01). The small intestinal mucosal villus height and thickness of muscle layer in CRF group were higher (P<0.01), and the number of villi was lower compared to control group (P<0.01). The score of histopathologic intestine damage of CRF group was higher than that of control group (1.00±0.71 vs 0, P<0.01). Conclusion The intestinal permeability of CRF rats is increased with varying degrees of intestinal damage.

phological changes in rat liver tissues. TLR4 and NF-κB expression in the liver tissues were measured by im-munohistochemistry . The results showed that compared with the normal group , the serum levels of transaminase ( ALT , AST ) and endotoxin of the model group were higher ( P < 0 . 01 ); and the degree of liver pathology injury was significantly increased; the TLR4 and NF-кB expression were increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the serum levels of transaminase (ALT, AST) and endotoxin of the experimental group were lower (P < 0.01), the degree of liver pathology injury was significantly lighter; the TLR4 and NF-кB expression were significantly lower (P < 0.01). It was concluded that the WYJDHY granules has a good role in the prevention and treatment of liver injury of rat model of hepatic failure IETM through the downregulation of liver expression of TLR4 and NF-кB in rat liver tissues , reducing serum levels of endotoxin , which may be one of the mecha-nisms on hepatic failure treatment .

Objective To investigate the levels of blood pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose, body mass index (BMI) as well as the epidemiological characteristics of dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome of Hangzhou citizens. Methods A total of 28 990 citizens in Hangzhou city who underwent health checkup were recruited in this study, including 10 179 males and 18 811 females. The average age of subjects was 65.05 years. Subjects were asked to complete questionnaires regarding personal characteristics. The physical examination emphasized measurement of height, waist and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected and subjected to serum glucose, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG measurements. The values of the examinations was described as xˉ± s . The ratios were compared with chi-square test. The trend analysis was conducted by linear correlation test. Results The prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome was 17.1% and 11.2% respectively. And the prevalence of overweight/obesity and hyperglycemia was 36.3%,8.1%,16.4%respectively. It was indicated that the men had higher prevalence of hyperglycemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and overweight compared with women. However, as to the dyslipidemia, men and women were totally different. Women were more prone to suffer from hypercholesterolemia and elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Men were apt to suffer from hypertriglyceridemia and reduction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Divided the subjects by age into three groups, it was suggested that the rates of dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and overweight/obesity increased along with the increment of age in women. Although the rates of metabolic disorders were higher in the group of men, the trend of increase with age was not as significant as in women. It could be seen in men that dyslipidemia and overweight/obesity were reduced with the increase of age. Conclusion The metabolic disorders in Hangzhou citizens showed their own characteristics. It is suggested that multiple strategies targeting at different sexes and age-groups should be formulated to prevent and control the occurrence of metabolic diseases.

Objective To observe the changes of the brain function during reading recovery by using functional MRI (fMRI),and to provide the experimental data in elucidating the mechanism on the recovery of reading and language function.Methods fMRI was performed in a native Chinese patient with pure alexia on the 45 th and 130 th day after the onset,respectively.Three kinds of Chinese characters were presented during the scan and the patient was asked to make the judgement weather he could recognize the characters or not.The brain activation maps were acquired after postprocessing,and the activated location and volume were compared between the first and second experiments.Results In both experiments,Broca area,Wernicke area,and the right extrastriate were significantly activated,while the left extrastriate around the lesion was markedly activated only in the second experiment,and the volume of activation in the right extrastriate in the second experiment was about 3 times as large as that in the first experiment.Conclusion The left extrastriate cortex is one of the key areas responsible for reading function in the brain.The recovery of reading function can be compensated in contralateral corresponding cortical area,or it can be the result of reorganization in ipsilateral peri-lesion cortex.Both mechanisms may simultaneously play important roles in reading recovery.

BACKGROUND:The establishment of a safe, reliable and easily repeatable mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the prerequisite for the study of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
OBJECTIVE:To establish a C57BL/6 mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and observe changes of biochemical indicators, which can provide a theoretical basis for its pathogenesis and drug treatment.
METHODS:Sixty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group of 30 cases (normal diet), and a model group of 30 cases (high fat diet). Models of nonalcoholic fatty liver were established. At 8 weeks, body mass, liver index, and homogenate superoxide dismutase activity in the liver were detected. Changes in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride glycerol, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed. Pathological examination was performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Pathological sections showed that large droplets and smal lipid droplets in the mouse liver and spread the whole liver. Swel ing of the liver cel s, visible cytoplasmic vacuoles and obviously inflammatory changes in liver cel s were observed in the model group. (2) Body weight and liver index were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly reduced in the liver (P<0.05). (3) Triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the model group than in the control group (P<0.05). (4) Nonalcoholic fatty liver mouse model is ideal for high-fat diet-induced animal model. The method is simple, repetitive, and can provide a stable animal model for the study on the mechanism of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and drug treatment.

Objective To evaluate and compare the normal value of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in different modalities of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods Fifty normal volunteers were divided into 4 groups (aged 20-29, n=14;30-39, n=10;40-49, n=14;50-, n=12). All of the volunteers underwent renal dynamic imaging with MPR SPECT, and single renal GFR value as well as total GFR value was calculated, respectively. The data were compared with GFR values obtained from Starcom 400AC/T SPECT (aged 20-29, n=6;30-39, n=11;40-49, n=7;50-, n=9). Single t test was used to testify the difference of the mean value between the two modalities of SPECT. Results The mean value of single renal GFR in each group of MPR SPECT was (51.03±11.12) ml, (48.44±11.13) ml, (47.79±7.71) ml and (46.54±12.28) ml,while of Starcom 400AC/T SPECT was (57.92±9.03) ml, (57.34±10.33) ml, (55.30±8.51) ml and (44.12±7.94) ml, respectively, and the total renal GFR in each group of MPR SPECT was (102.13±18.33) ml, (96.62±19.90) ml, (95.54±13.04) ml and (92.85±22.83) ml, of Starcom 400AC/T SPECT (115.86±16.51) ml, (113.14±17.71) ml, (110.54±11.13) ml and (88.12±14.41) ml, respectively (all P<0.05). The mean value of single renal GFR was (48.51±10.50) ml and (52.92±10.61) ml, respectively, while the mean value of total renal GFR was (97.04±18.16) ml and (105.63±18.72) ml, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusion GFR standard value obtained from different SPECT renal dynamic imaging is varied. It is necessory to establish GFR standard value for each type of SPECT.

Objective To understand the primary structure and potential antigenic epitopes of antigen Pf332(Ag332) of P.falciparum iso late FCC1/HN.Methods　Based on the published Pf332 gene sequence , nine pairs of primers were designed for the PCR amplification of the Pf332 gen e fragments from genomic DNA of P.falciparum isolate FCC1/HN. The amplified gene fragments were subcloned into pMD-18T vectors and sequenced. The sequences were aligned using DNAstar software to obtain the full-length sequence of the gene Pf332. The primary structure and sequence homology of Ag332 were analyzed by SAPS, Tmpred, SingalP and Blastn programs. Three fragments, R0, R1 and R2, cor responding to nt#9595-10083, nt#10339-10767 and nt#10855-11247 of Pf332 gene were subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3-S separately. The Balb/c mice were immunized with pcDNA3-S-R0, pcDNA3-S-R1 and pcDNA3- S-R2 separately, and the expressions of the recombinant proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry assay. The protective immune responses elicited by DNA I mmunization were analyzed by ELISA and parasite growth inhibition tests in vitro .Results　Nine Pf332 gene fragments were specifically amplif ied, subcloned into pMD-18T vectors and sequenced. Pf332 gene of the P.falci parum isolate FCC1/HN was 16,377 bp in length, encoding a protein of 5,458 ami no acids, about 615.28kDa. The Ag332 contains 17 regions of highly degenerated Glu-rich repeats, with 30.18% Glu in total amino acids of Ag332. Ag332 of P.falciparum isolate FCC1/HN and 3D7 exhibited 94.55 % homology in amino acid residues. The results of immunohischemistry assay showed that R0, R1 and R2 were expressed in mice muscle tissue. The amount of IgG antibody of the groups immu nized with pcDNA3-S-R0, pcDNA3-S-R1 and pcDNA3-S-R2 were higher than those of blank and pcDNA3 groups (P＜0.05). The result of parasite growth inhibition test showed that the immunized sera at 1∶5 dilution of groups of pcDNA3-S-R0, pcDNA3-S-R1 and pcDNA3-S-R2 had an incomplete inhibitor y effect on P.falciparum growth. Conclusion　The antigen Pf332 is an large protein containing highly degenerated Glu-rich repeats. Pf332 gene fragments, R1 and R2 encoding potent antigenic epitope repeats.