Objective To evaluate the anatomic morphology of submandibular fossa. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to analyze the anatomic morphology of submandibular fossa. Implants of various dimensions were virtually placed into the mandibular 1st and 2nd molar region. Spatial relationships among submandibular fossa , mandibular canal and implant were analyzed. Results The depth of the submandibular fossa was (1.0 ± 0.61)mm in the 1st molar region and (1.5 ± 0.61)mm in the 2nd molar region. There were no significant statistical difference in genders, sides, and tooth loss. The length of the implants was (19.7 ± 3.75)mm (d = 4 mm) and (18.6 ± 3.73)mm (d = 5 mm) in the 1st molar region and (16.2 ± 3.46) mm (d = 4 mm) and (15.2 ± 3.09)mm (d = 5 mm) in the 2nd molar region in patiens with teeth and lingual perforation; the length of the implants was (17.1 ± 3.77)mm (d = 4 mm) and (15.6 ± 3.85)mm (d = 5 mm), and (14.2 ± 4.05)mm (d = 4 mm) and (13.2 ± 4.27)mm (d = 5 mm) in patients with tooth loss, respectively. Conclusions Determination of spatial relationships among submandibular fossa , mandibular canal and implants by using CBCT has important significance in guiding dental implant surgery.

Objective To investigate the clinic efficacy of Qiwei Liaoshang Powder on empyrosis. Methods 176inpatients suffering empyrosis were included in our study. A prospective randomized study was adopted to evaluate the efficacy of Qiwei Liaoshang Powder, while exposure therapy of San Huang Cream was taken as control. Bacteria culture,healing time, and pain of wounds were compared. Results Qiwei Liaoshang Powder had less healing time, pain and infection rate than San Huang Cream. Conclusion Qiwei Liaoshang Powder is effective to treat empyrosis.

RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the LATS2 mRNA and protein level in 57 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)specimens and 12 normal oral mucosa tissues.LATS2 mRNA and protein were expressed in all the normal oral mucosa samples (100%),but only 47.4% (27 /57)and 42.1% (24 /57)in OSCC samples respectively with positive correlation of both(P <0.01),and were respectively correlated with the tumor differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis(P <0.05).

Objective To explore the association of Crohn's disease (CD) with T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) gene polymorphisms in patients of Zhejiang Han population in China.Methods A total of 308 CD patients and 573 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in our study.Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Tim-3 (rs1036199 and rs10515746) were examined by the improved multiple ligase detection reaction technique (iMLDR).Analyses of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype were also performed by Haploview 4.2 software in all study subjects.Results In general,the allele and genotype frequencies of Tim-3 (rs1036199 and rs10515746) were not statistically different between CD patients and the controls (all P ＞0.05).According to the Montreal Classification,CD patients were divided into different subgroups.The variant allele (C) and genotype (AC + CC) of rs1036199 were more frequent in CD patients with penetrating diseases than in the controls (10.4％ vs 1.7％,P =0.002;20.8％ vs 3.5％,P =0.023).Similar conclusions were also drawn for the variant allele (A) and genotype (CA + AA) of rs10515746 in patients with penetrating diseases when compared with the controls (10.4％ vs 2.2％,P =0.000;20.8％ vs 4.2％,P =0.033,respectively).The two SNPs of Tim-3 were in strong linkage disequilibrium (D'=1.0,r2 =0.928).The haplotype (AC) formed by their wild-type alleles (A) and (C) was decreased in patients with penetrating CD compared with the controls (89.6％ vs 98.3％,P =0.000).However,the haplotype (CA) formed by their variant alleles was more frequent in patients with penetrating CD than in the controls (10.4％ vs 1.6％,P =0.000).Conclusions Tim-3 (rs1036199 and rs10515746) variations might be correlated with the enhanced risk of penetrating diseases in CD patients.Furthermore,the haplotype (AC) and (CA) formed by the two SNPs might be a protective and a risky factor for penetrating CD respectively.

Objective To investigate the impact of knocking out tumor necrosis factor-related ap-optosis-inducing ligand ( TRAIL) gene ( TRAIL-/-) on colonic inflammation and regulatory T cells ( Treg) in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. Methods C57BL/6 mice were ran-domly assigned into four groups with 10 in each group:wild-type ( WT) control, WT colitis, TRAIL-/- con-trol and TRAIL-/- colitis. The mouse model of colitis was induced by oral administration of 3. 5％ DSS and the severity of colonic inflammation was assessed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) and mesen-teric lymph nodes ( MLNs) were collected. The ratios of Treg cells to CD4+T cells in PBMCs were detected by flow cytometry. Expression of Treg cell-associated transcription factor (Foxp3) and cytokine (IL-10) at mRNA level was measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) were used to detect the expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 at pro-tein level, respectively. Results Compared with the WT control group, the WT colitis group showed signif-icantly decreased proportions of Treg cells in PBMCs [(1. 85±0. 38)％ vs (3. 12±0. 69)％, P<0. 05], but increased proportions in MLNs [(11. 79±1. 18)％ vs (6. 24±1. 04)％, P<0. 05]. Compared with the WT mice with colitis, the TRAIL-/- mice with colitis had more severe colonic inflammation and significantly in-creased proportions of Treg cells in PBMCs [(3. 15±0. 64)％ vs (1. 85±0. 38)％, P<0. 05], but de-creased Treg cells in MLNs [(9. 80±0. 50)％ vs (11. 79±1. 18)％, P<0. 05]. Expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 at mRNA and protein levels in PBMCs of the WT mice with colitis was significantly lower than that in the WT control mice [ Foxp3 mRNA: 0. 48 ± 0. 21 vs 1. 06 ± 0. 31, IL-10 mRNA: 0. 23 ± 0. 07 vs 1. 22 ± 0. 38;Foxp3 protein:0. 68±0. 12 vs 1, IL-10 protein:(4. 91± 0. 72) pg/ml vs (21. 86±2. 40) pg/ml;all P<0. 05], while in MLNs, the expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 at mRNA and protein levels was significantly higher than that of the WT control group [Foxp3 mRNA:3. 71±0. 49 vs 1. 03±0. 15, IL-10 mRNA:11. 98 ±6.10 vs 1. 01±0. 31; Foxp3 protein: 1. 60±0. 03 vs 1, IL-10 protein: (1260. 00±18. 02) pg/ml vs (1184. 00±38. 62) pg/ml;all P<0. 05]. Compared with the WT mice with colitis, the TRAIL-/-mice with colitis showed significantly increased expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 at mRNA and protein levels [ Foxp3 mRNA:1. 80±0. 49 vs 0. 48±0. 21, IL-10 mRNA:1. 67±0. 99 vs 0. 23±0. 07;Foxp3 protein:1. 10±0. 01 vs 0. 68±0. 12, IL-10 protein:(31. 33± 25. 02) pg/ml vs (4. 58±3. 73) pg/ml; all P<0. 05], while de-creased expression in MLNs [ Foxp3 mRNA: 0. 49 ± 0. 21 vs 3. 71 ± 0. 49, IL-10 mRNA: 2. 80 ± 1. 82 vs 11. 98±6. 10; Foxp3 protein: 1. 21±0. 12 vs 1. 60±0. 03, IL-10 protein: (1158. 00±26. 48) pg/ml vs (1190. 00±37. 19) pg/ml;all P<0. 05]. Conclusions Knocking out the expression of TRAIL might af-fect the ratios of Treg cells in peripheral blood and MLNs, thereby aggravating the colitis in mice.

Objective To explore the relationship of Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) polymorphisms and haplotypes in Han population in Wenzhou city, China. Methods A total of 310 CD patients and 573 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AhR(rs10249788,rs2158041,rs2066853) were determined by the improved multiple ligase detection reaction technique. Unconditional logistic regression analyses was applied to analyze the allelic and genotypic differences of each SNP between CD patients and controls, as well as their influence on the clinicopathologic characteristics in CD patients. Analyses of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype were performed by Haploview 4.2 software in all study subjects. Results Compared with the controls, the variant allele (T) and genotype (CT+TT) of (rs2158041) were evidently decreased among CD patients (19.52% vs. 25.04%, P=0.009; 34.19% vs. 44.68%, P=0.003). According to"the Montreal Classification Standards", CD patients were divided into different subgroups. The variant allele(T)and genotype(CT+TT)of(rs2158041)were significantly lower in patients with terminal ileum CD than in controls (16.79% vs. 25.04%, P=0.005; 28.24% vs. 44.68%, P=0.001). Similar conclusions were also drawn in patients with constricting disease when compared with the controls(15.20%vs.25.04%,P=0.003;28.43% vs.44.68%,P=0.003).The three SNPs above were shown to be in a linkage disequilibrium.Compared with the controls respectively,the frequency of haplotype(CCG)was increased in CD patients (44.73% vs. 39.60%, P=0.039), whereas that of haplotype (CTG) was decreased (18.02% vs. 22.78%, P=0.047). Conclusions AhR (rs2158041) variation might influence the risk as well as the location and behavior of CD. The haplotype (CCG) possibly increase the risk of CD development, whereas haplotype(CTG)might decrease it.

Objective To explore the relation between genetic polymorphisms and the expression in colonic tissues of solute-linked carrier family 26 member A3 (SLC26A3) and susceptibility of Crohn's disease (CD) in Han population of Zhejiang Province.Methods A total of 265 CD patients and 566 gender-and age-matched healthy individuals were enrolled.Alleles and genotypes of SLC26A3 (rs17154444,rs7810937,rs7785539,rs2108225,rs6951457) were examined by SNaPshot.The linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype were also analyzed.Eight patients with colonic CD and eight genderand age-matched patients with benign colonic polyps (control group) were selected.The expression level of SLC26A3 protein in the colonic tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.T test and rank-sum test were performed for statistical analysis.Unconditional Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the distributions of SLC26A3 polymorphisms and their effects on the clinicopathological features of CD patients.Results The frequencies of mutant allele of rs2108225,rs7785539 and rs6951457 of the CD group were 53.77％ (285/530),4.72％ (25/530) and 2.83％ (15/530),and the frequencies of mutant genotype were 76.23 ％ (202/265),9.43 ％ (25/265) and 5.66 ％ (15/265),which were lower than those of the control group (60.95％,690/1 132;8.13％,92/1 132;6.10％,69/1 132;83.92％,475/566;15.37％,87/566 and 11.84％,67/566),and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The frequencies of mutant allele of rs17154444 and rs7810937 of the CD group were 10.19％ (54/530) and 34.91 ％ (185/530),and the frequencies of mutant genotype were 18.49 ％ (49/265) and 56.23 ％ (149/ 265),compared with those of the control group (8.30％,94/1 132;30.92％,350/1 132;15.55％,88/566 and 51.77％,293/566),the differences were not statistically significant (all P＞0.05).The frequency of mutant allele G of rs2108225 in patients with ileal CD was 47.89 ％ (91/190),and the frequency of mutant genotypeAG+GG was 65.26％(62/95),which were both lower than those of colonic CD (61.62％,122/198 and 85.86％,85/99),and the differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.012 5).rs7810937,rs7785539 and rs2108225 were in a strong linkage disequilibrium.The frequencies of haplotypes AGG and ACA of the CD group were 53.96％ (286/530) and 4.34％ (23/530),which were lower than those of the control group (60.07％,680/1 132 and 7.51％,85/1 132),and the differences were statistically significant (52 =5.534,P=0.019;x2 =5.967,P=0.015).And the frequency of haplotype AGA of the CD group was 8.30％ (44/530),which was higher than that of the control group (1.15％,13/1 132),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.793,P＜0.01).Furthermore,the expression level of SLC26A3 protein in colonic tissues of eight colonic CD patients was 0.19±0.07,which was lower than that of patients with benign colonic polyps (0.26 ±-0.03),and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.55,P=0.023).In addition,the expression levels of SLC26A3 protein in patients carrying genotype GG or AG of rs2108225 were 0.19±0.03 and 0.10±0.01,respectively,which were lower than that of patients carrying genotype AA (0.26± 0.02),and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.19,P=0.033;t=9.06,P=0.003).Conclusions The genetic polymorphismns and their haplotypes of SLC26A3 (rs7785539,rs2108225 and rs6951457) are associated with the susceptibility of CD,and SLC26A3 (rs2108225) polymorphism may affect the expression level of SLC26A3 protein in the colonic tissues.

Objective To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms of T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein-3 (Tim-3) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in Han nationality of Zhejiang.Methods A total of 391 UC patients and 573 healthy controls were recruited.Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SPNs) of Tim-3 (rs1036199 and rs10515746) were examined by the improved multiple ligase detection reaction technique.Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was performed to analyze the differences in the distribution of Tim-3 gene polymorphisms and its influence on the location and severity.Haploview 4.2 software was used to analyze linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype.Results The frequencies of genotype CA+AA and mutant allele A of rs10515746 in UC were lower than those in healthy controls (1.79％,7/391 vs 4.19％,24/573;0.90％,7/782 vs 2.18％,25/1 146;x2=4.295 and 4.712,P=0.038 and 0.030).However,there was no significant differences in frequencies of genotype CA+ CC and mutant allele C of gene rs1036199 between UC patients and the healthy controls (1.79％,7/891 vs 8.49％,20/578;0.90％,7/782 vs 1.74％,20/1 146;both P＞0.05).The frequencies of genotype CA+AA and mutant allele A of rs10515746 in mild and moderate UC patients were both higher than those in severe UC patients (2.87 ％,7/244 vs 0;1.43 ％,7/488 vs 0),and the differences were statistically significant (Fisher's exact test,P=0.049 and 0.048).The analysis for LD indicated that rs1036199andrs10515746 were closeLD (D'=0.92,r2=0.72).Furthermore,the frequency of haplotype CA formed by the mutant alleles C and A of these two SNPs was lower in UC patients than that in healthy controls (0.64％,5/782 vs 1.74％,20/1 146),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.441,P=0.035).Conclusions Tim-3 (rs10515746) gene mutation may not only decrease the incidence,but also reduce the severity of UC.Moreover,the haplotype CA formed by the mutant alleles of rs1036199 and rs10515746 may also reduce the incidence of UC.

The integrated curriculums of basic medicine in Shanxi Medical University are as follows: nine basic medical courses were integrated into 10 medical modules, with additional training including PBL and TBL case discussion, clinical clerkship, flipped classroom and other non-integrated subjects etc. In order to assess the interest of students for integrated curriculum, their intrinsic motivation, as well as their comprehension and application of medical knowledge, we gave anonymous questionnaire to 149 students, 16 teachers in basic medicine, and 10 teachers in clinical medicine. Results showed that more than 90% students were willing to take the integrated curriculum and participate in PBL and TBL case discussion, and students who were unwilling to take the curriculum were less than 10%, they thought that the knowledge of new curriculum system was incoherent. The proportion of students from higher grade who were unwilling to participate in the flipped classroom was increased from 6.7% to 95.0%. Most of the teachers both in basic and clinic medicine believed that new curriculum system was helpful for students to comprehend basic medical knowledge and strengthen their discriminating ability, but did not function in improving students' practical ability. In the further reform on teaching, details like the coherence of knowledge and the content selected when self-studying should be improved.