Ischemic stroke causes varying degrees of cognitive impairment, and its incidence is very high. Early diagnosis of cognitive impairment may provide the best intervention treatment opportunity, and slow disease progression. Therefore, it has attracted more and more attention. This article reviews the advances in etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocyte cells in patients with HAM/TSP and the roles of Fas/FasL system, TNF ? and Bcl 2 protein in occurrence and progression of HAM/TSP Methods The single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) was used to detect the apoptosis of lymphocyte cells in patients with HAM/TSP The presence of sFas, sFasL in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with HAM/TSP was evaluated by using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) The Fas, TNF ? and Bcl 2 protein expressions were quanlitatively determined by flow cytometry from 8 cases of HAM/TSP, and compared with the controls and other inflammatory neurological diseases (OIND) Results (1) The apoptotic ratio of lymphocyte cells in patients with HAM/TSP (13 63%?0 48%) was significantly increased as compared to the controls (1 63%?0 57%, P 0 05) Levels of sFas and sFasL in CSF from patients with HAM/TSP ((0 19?0 07) ng/ml and (0 24?0 08) ng/ml) were both significantly increased than those from OIND ((0 11?0 06) ng/ml and (0 01?0 01) ng/ml, P 0 05) or patients with OIND (34 84?9 63, P

Objective To explore the incidence,mechanism and type of attack,relationship between hemorrhage postitions and manifestation,and its prognosis of eplieptic seizure following intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in the elderly.Methods Clinical materials are analyzed in 47 elder patients with epileptic seizures following ICH.Results The incidence of epileptic seizures following ICH in the elder patients is 9 6% .Early seizures are related to brain edema;most of them were partial seizures.But late seizures were related to the pathologic stimulation of stroke cyst,neuron degeneration,colloid hyperplasia and conglutination.Generalized tonic-chronic seizure plays an important role in it.Most seizures are between 2 weeks and 6 months after hemorrhage.The incidence of epileptic seizure following lobar hemorrhage was higher than others.Late seizures recurs easily if stopping antiepileptic drugs(AED).The disease's prognosis is well if treated regularly and systematically.Conclusiion Epileptic seizures following ICH are not rare in elder patients .Lobar hemorrhgae easy to lead to epileptic seizures.Regular and systimatic treatment is needed in the patients with late manifestation.

Objective To investigate the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution(AHHD)on the onset and recovery of muscle relaxation induced by vecuronium.Methods Thirty-two ASA Ⅰ orⅡpatients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=16 each):control group and AHHD group.A loading dose of vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg Was given at 10 min after AHHD following tracheal intubatiom The muscular relaxation was maintained at Tl/Tc 5% to 15% by supplement with intravenous vecuroninm.Blood samples were taken at various times during AHHD for chemical analysis.The onset and recovery time of muscular relaxation were recorded.Results Compared with control group ,Hct,Hb and the concentration of TP and Alb were decreased,and the onset and recovery time of vecuronium were shortened in group AHHD(P＜0.05).Conclusion Acute hypervolemic hemodihtion can shorten the onset and recovery of muscle relaxation of vecuronium in patients under general anethesia.

The FDA approved a total of 37 new drugs in 2022, including 22 new molecular entities and 15 new biological products. This is the year with the lowest number of new drugs approved by the FDA since 2017. Among these approved drugs, 21 new drugs belong to the "first-in-class" category, accounting for 56% of the total approved drugs, which is the highest ratio in the past 10 years. Among the drugs approved in 2022, there are 5 small molecule kinase modulators, including the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) allosteric inhibitor deucravacitinib, the first oral pyruvate kinase (PK) activator mitapivat, the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) selective inhibitor abcrocitinib, the JAK2 selective inhibitor pacritinib and the broad-spectrum fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor futibatinib. This review briefly describes the discovery background, research and development process, synthesis routes and clinical efficacy and safety of small molecule kinase modulators approved by the FDA in 2022, hoping to provide ideas and methods for further research on kinase modulators.

Anti-HIV drugs still remain as the dominant role in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), because no vaccine was found till today. Owing to structural diversity, few side effects, and abundant resources, natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicines and medicinal plants have unique advantages and good potential in prevention and treatment of AIDS. Many researchers have made great efforts in the field of anti-HIV natural compounds, and have found some natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicines with potent anti-HIV activities. These compounds can be classified into the following categories: alkaloids, coumarins, lignans, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, and polyphenols. However, most of these researches are performed in vitro, and most natural compounds show weak anti-HIV activities and indefinite acting targets. In the paper, we reviewed some natural compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicines with potent anti-HIV activities in recent years.

Objective To determine the value of MRI for diagnosing the posterior meniscus root tear. Methods MR examinations of 30 patients with tear of the posterior meniscus root confirmed by knee arthroscopies were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 30 patients, 17 with posterior medial meniscus root tear (MMRT) and 13 with posterior lateral meniscus root tear (LMRT). The diagnostic sensitivity of MRI for the posterior meniscus root tear was analyzed. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the detection rate of MRI for MMRT with that for LMRT. Results All 17 cases with MMRT and 9 cases out of 13 with LMRT were correctly diagnosed by MRI and the diagnostic sensitivity of MRI for the posterior meniscus root tear was 86. 7% (26/30). The main MR appearance of the posterior meniscus root tear was distortion of the meniscal root, with its low signal replaced by abnormal high signal. The detection rate of MRI for MMRT (17/17)was significantly greater than that for LMRT (9/13) ( P =0. 026). The prevalence of MMRT associated with meniscus extrusion ( 15/17 ) was significantly greater than that of LM RT ( 6/13 ) ( P = 0. 020), but the prevalence of MMRT associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (5/17) was significantly lower than that of LMRT (11/13) (P = 0. 004). Conclusion MRI is a relatively good method for detection of posterior meniscus root tears and associated injuries.

【Objective】To investigate the effect of Anti-virus Capsule(AVC) on quality of life(QOL) of patients with recurrent genital herpes(RGH).【Methods】The universal QOL measurement scale of WHOQOL-BREF was used to evaluate the QOL status of 40 RGH patients before and after treatment.The recurrence rate and skin lesion healing time were also observed before and after treatment.【Results】After treatment,QOL was much improved,mean recurrence rate was decreased and skin lesion healing time was shortened,the difference being significant(P

Purpose To investigate the feasibility of T1 measurement using multi-slice inversion recovery turbo spin echo (IR-TSE) and variable flip angle three-dimensional fast low angle shot (3D FLASH) for full-joint coverage delayed gadolinium enhanced MRI of the cartilage. Materials and Methods MR phantoms using dilated gadolinium solution with different concentrations and ex vivo bovine cartilages were scanned using multi-slice IR-TSE and variable flip angle 3D FLASH sequences and the T1 values were calculated. The referring T1 value were obtained using single slice IR-TSE sequence. Results On phantom study, the correlation coefficiencies between multi-slice IR-TSE, 3D FLASH sequences and single slice IR-TSE was 1.000 and 0.997, respectively, where P<0.001 on ex vivo bovine cartilage study, the T1 values of the trypsin degraded species measured by single-slice, multi-slice IR-TSE and 3D-FLASH were significantly lower than the control species. The correlation coefficiency between single-slice and multi-slice IR-FSE on the control group, the trypsin degraded group and both was 0.821(P=0.012), 0.968(P=0.001), and 0.953(P=0.001) respectively. The correlation coefficiency between single-slice IR-FSE and 3D-FLASH on the trypsin degraded group, control group and both was 0.199(P=0.637), 0.757(P=0.030), and 0.775(P=0.001) respectively, where P<0.001. Conclusion Both Multi-slice IR-TSE and variable flip angle 3D-FLASH sequences can be applied for T1 measurement of the full joint cartilage.

To identify the genotype of the 18S rDNA in Acanthamoeba species isolated from tap water inYanji city of Jilin province, the full genomic DNA sequence of the CJY/W1 strain of Acanthaqmoeba was amplified by PCR and then the amplified products were sequenced. The full-length of DNA sequence was analyzed with Clustal and Genedoe softwares. It was found that the full-length of gene of the Acanthamoeba CJY/W1 strain isolated from tap water was 2252 bps. The 18S rDNA genotype of this strain appeared to be near to the T1 type. But the percentage of the genetic difference between T1 type was 8%. According to the classification criteria of 18S rDNA, the genotype of the CJY/W1 strain might be a new one.