Based on the analysis of Language Learning Strategies of foreign language learners and their characteristics,this paper illuminates that training on Language Learning Strategies in regular language classes helps foreign language learners become successful and independent learners.

Objective To investigate psychological pressure sources of emergency nurses who were assigned to emergency intensive care unit(EICU)and put forward countermeasures.Methods We collected data by phenomenological method of qualitative study.Thirteen nurses who had worked in EICU for at least six months were interviewed.The collected data we analyzed by Colaizzi analysis method.Result The psychological pressure had its sources from 4 main aspects: nursing skills,increasing labor intensity,communications with patients and shortage of staff.Conclusion Nursing administration should actively take measures to relieve the psychological pressures of the emergency nurses who were assigned to EICU so as to improve the nurses’working enthusiasm and the nursing quality of EICU.

Objective To investigate the role of TRAF2 in AP-1 signaling pathway of human B cells.Methods Human Ramos B cells were transfected with plasmids expressing YFP fusion wild type TRAF2(YFP-WT-TRAF2) or YFP fusion dominant-negative TRAF2(DN-TRAF2),or transfected with shRNA-TRAF2 and control shRNA plasmid.After incubation overnight,cells were either sorted with flowcytometry or screened by antibiotics G418.Activation of AP-1 pathway,including phosphorylation of ERK,JNK and P38,as well as nuclear translocation of AP-1 subunits were detected by western blot and ELISA.Results Overexpression of WT-TRAF2 selectively induced activition of MAPK by phosphorylation of ERK and P38,and further induced nuclear translocation of C-FOS.Moreover,both overexpression of DN-TRAF2 and transfection of shRNA-TRAF2 inhibited phosphorylation of ERK and P38,and nuclear translocation of C-FOS.Conclusion TRAF2 selectively activates some kinases in CD40 mediated AP-1 signaling pathway,and plays an important role in AP-1 activation.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of Tanshinone ⅡA for treatment on acute cerebral infarction(ACI). Methods 104 patients with ACI were randomly divided into Tanshinone group (50 cases) and control group (54 cases),and were treated with conventional therapy. While,Tanshinone ⅡA was added by intravenous drop in Tanshinone group for 2 weeks. Neurological functional deficit scores,Barthel index(BI) were observed,the levels of serum superoxide dismutas(SOD),lipid peroxide (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected pre and post treatment. The efficacy was compared in the two groups.Results After 2 weeks of treatment,the score of National institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) was decreased,BI was increased,the level of serum SOD was increased,the levels of serum LPO and MDA were decreased in the two groups. Compared with those in pre treatment,the changes of all the targets were significantly different (all P

B cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) through multiple mechanisms.Clinical trials have demonstrated that anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody(Rituximab) is effective and safe to treat refractory RA through depletion of B cells.Rituximab is now approved by FDA for use concurrently with methotrexate to treat RA in patients who have an inadequate response to one or more tumor necrosis factor inhibitors.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum human kallikrein11 ( KLK11 ) in patients with ovarian cancer. MethodsThe level of serum KLK11 was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA) for 30 patients with ovarian cancer, 26 patients with benign gynecologic processes and 32 healthy subjects,and the KLK11 value beyond the upper-limit of 95％ credibility interval( 95％ CI) based on the health controls was used as the positive value. The positive rate of KLK11 was compared among the three groups.ResultsThe positive rate of KLK11 in patients with ovarian cancer was significantly higher than those in patients with benign gynecologic processes or in healthy subjects[(73.3％) and(7.7％ ) or(6.3％ ) ,all P ＜0.01 )] ,and there was no significant difference between ovarian benign tumor group and the healthy control group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe serum KLK11 should be a novel tumor marker in the clinical diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

This paper summarized the data of 5 growth indices of 152, 874 children aged 0-7 years in 9 city's urban and suburban areas. The results showed that they were well related to the growth of children. The stature of children was thin-tall in urban and thick-short in suburban. As compared with American and Japanese children data, we found that the body indices of our children were lower. Among 5 growth indices, the Kaup's index seemd to be useful for assessment of child physical development and nutrition.

Objective To evaluate the value of narrow band imaging(NBI) in the diagnosis of early squamous esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods Four thousand and fifty-six patients were examined by routine endoscopy,NBI and iodine chromoscopy,one hundred and fourteen lesions in 82 patients were screened.Of all lesions were detected by NBI with magnification and targeted biopsy.The differences among routine endoscopy,NBI and iodine chromoscopy,and the consistency between IPCL and histological findings were assessed.Results Compared to NBI and iodine chromoscopy,especially flat lesions,there was a high missed diagnosis rate in diagnosis of early squamous esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions by routine endoscopy.With NBI and iodine chromoscopy,the incidence rate of lesions was 78.0% and 79.8%,respectively.For iodine staining,85.7% Grade Ⅰ was high grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN),and 66.0% Grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ was low grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN).For NBI,80.4% Grade Ⅰ was HGIN,but there was no specificity in diagnosis LGIN.In appearance of IPCL,92.9% Type Ⅳ/Ⅴ was HGIN,89.4% Type Ⅱ/Ⅲ was LGIN,and it has a relatively better consistency in IPCL with histological findings.Conclusion There is a high detection rate in diagnosis of early squamous esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions by Lugoul's iodine staining and NBI endoscopy.It's probably that IPCL patterns by NBI with magnification can provide scientific basis for both the endoscopic theraphy of early esophageal cancer and the omen of postoperative recurrence.

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on selenite-induced cataract formation in rats and the possible mechanism. Eighty 8-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: control group, model group, three GSPE groups (low dose, medium dose and high dose). Control group received subcutaneous injection of physiological saline. Model group was given subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite (20 μmol/kg body weight) on the postpartum day 10, and once every other day for consecutive three times thereafter. GSPE treated groups were respectively administered GSPE at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically 2 days prior to the selenite injection (that was, on the postpartum day 8), and once daily for fourteen consecutive days thereafter. The opacity of lenses was observed, graded and photographed under the slit lamp microscopy and the maximal diameter of the nuclear cataract plaques was measured. The lenses were analyzed for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), malondialdehyde (MDA), calcium (Ca(2+)), nitric oxide (NO) and anti-hydroxyl radical ability (anti-OH(-)). The histomorphology of lenses was observed with HE staining under a light microscope. The levels of calpainII, and iNOS protein and mRNA expression in lenses were detected by using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite led to severe nuclear cataract in model group, and the achievement ratio of model group was 100%. As compared with model group, the degree of lenses opacity and the maximal diameter of nuclear cataract plaques were significantly reduced in GSPE-treated groups. Moreover, we observed selenite treatment caused a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-PX) and anti-OH(-) ability, accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of MDA, NO, Ca(2+) as well as iNOS, and calpainII protein and mRNA expression. Administration of GSPE could dose-dependently preserve the activities of these antioxidative enzymes and anti-OH(-) ability, accompanied by a significant reduction in the levels of MDA, NO, Ca(2+) as well as iNOS, and calpainII protein and mRNA expression. These results suggested that GSPE markedly prevented selenite-induced cataract formation probably by suppressing the generation of lipid peroxidation and free radicals as well as the activation of iNOS, and calpainII in the lenses.

Objective To investigate the effect of dopamine receptor in intestinal mucosal barrier function after brain injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four rats were allocated to control group,brain injury group,dopamine receptor group,and dopamine antagonist group according to the random number table,with 6 rats per group.Feeney' s weight-drop model was introduced to generate rat models of brain injury.Intestinal mucosal specimens were harvested at postoperative 7 days to evaluate intestinal mucosal morphology by HE staining,expressions of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) by immunohistochemistry,and mRNA and protein expressions of DRD1 and DRD2 by real-time PCR and Western blot.Meantime,urinary samples were collected to measure lactulose to mannitol ratio (L/M) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results Intestinal villus integrity was disrupted in brain injury group and dopamine receptor group when compared to control group,but it remained relatively intact in dopamine antagonist group.Ratio of L/M in brain injury group and dopamine receptor group was similar (0.192 ± 0.080 vs 0.183 ± 0.090,P ＞ 0.05),far higher than 0.037 ± 0.008 in control group (P ＜0.01),but it was reversed in dopamine antagonist group (0.071 ± 0.008,P ＜ 0.01).Real-time PCR showed DRD1 and DRD2 mRNAs expressed in brain injury group and dopamine receptor group were similar (0.764 ± 0.074 vs 0.718 ± 0.065,0.439 ± 0.051 vs 0.408 ± 0.090,P ＞ 0.05),far higher than 0.189 ± 0.008 and 0.076 ± 0.011 in control group (P ＜ 0.01),but both lowered in dopamine antagonist group (0.386 ± 0.071,0.270 ± 0.092,P ＜ 0.01).estern blot analysis showed DRD1 and DRD2 proteins in brain injury group and dopamine receptor group were similar,but both were far higher when compared to control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Impaired intestinal mucosal barrier may be relate to the up-regulated dopamine receptor in intestinal mucosa after brain injury in rats.