Objective:Toexplore the changes and mechanismofErythrocyte ImmunityFunction(EIF)in rats with Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI).Methods:HealthyWistar rat(sn=70)were divided intocontrol group(n=10)and TBI group(n=60),model ofTBI were prepared and divided into mild group(n=30)and moderate to severe group(n=30).Red Blood Cell-C3b Receptor Rate(RBC-C3bRR)and Red Blood Cell-Immune Complex Rate(RBC-ICR)of rats with TBI were measured by methed of yeast fungus and the content of serum ?-endophin(?-EP)was tested by radioimmunoassay.Results:Compared with the control group,RBC-C3bRR of rats with TBI decreased significantly while RBC-ICR and?-EP increased significantly(P

Bipolar disorder is a common, highly disabling psychiatric disorder characterized by early onset, frequent episodes, high suicide risk, and chronic outcomes, and is associated with severe social dysfunction. The pathogenesis of bipolar disorder is still unclear, and current studies mainly focus on circadian rhythm abnormalities, including rhythm gene mutation, polymorphism, abnormal kinase expression, and rhythm abnormalities in neurotransmitter secretion and transport. It has been found that at any stage of bipolar disorder, whether prodrome, episode, or remission, patients exhibit circadian rhythm disruptions, including disrupted sleep-wake cycles, hormonal phase abnormalities, and irregular social rhythms. Based on this mechanism, the time therapy, such as light therapy, dark therapy, sleep deprivation and behavioral intervention, can rapidly improve the circadian rhythm of patients with bipolar disorder, achieve the goal of rapid relief of symptoms, with fewer side effects, low risk of switching to manic. In this paper, circadian rhythm mechanism, clinical manifestations and chronotherapy of bipolar disorder are reviewed to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Pediatric surgery is the important part of the paediatrics,and the complicated content,limited time and many difficulties are the main problems of pediatric surgery teaching. The multimedia courseware is used in teaching of pediatric surgery,which is convenient for teachers'preparing lessons and teaching and is beneficial to students'review and summary. After the technique is used,the teaching efficiency and the quality are obviously improved.

Objective To explore the imaging typing of skull eosinophilic granuloma( SEG) in children,and the clinical significance of this typing system was determined. Methods The clinical and radiological data of 32 cases of SEG confirmed by pathology in the past six years were retrospectively reviewed. According to the imaging findings,which included the size and shape of the granuloma,and the degree of skull destruction,SEGs were divided into four types:typeⅠ( subtle granumoma) ,typeⅡ( exteriorly convex granuloma) ,typeⅢ( biconvex granuloma) and typeⅣ(multiple granulomas and destructions). The imaging features of different types of SEG were analyzed,and the signif-icance of imaging typing was explored combining with the clinical manifestations,treatment programs and prognosis. Results Three cases (9. 4%) were included in typeⅠ,in which,the granuloma was not obvious and the skull destruction was confined in the diploe and outer plate. In type Ⅱ (21 cases,65. 6%),the imaging features included an obvious exteriorly convex mass and complete skull destruction of in-side and outside panels. Granuloma remove and destructed skull repair were performed in all cases,in which 15 were followed up and no re-currence was found. The imaging features of type Ⅲ (5 cases,15. 6%) were biconvex mass which broke through the inner plate and op-pressed the dura and cerebral parenchyma. Therapy program included not only surgical excision of the lesion but also repair of skull and dura. Three cases were followed up and no recurrence was found. Type Ⅳ (3 cases,9. 4%) showed multiple skull destructions and granulomas of various sizes. Chemotherapy and surgery treatment,poor prognosis and ease recurrence were characterized by this type. Conclusion we put forward a imaging typing method for SEGs. This typing system is helpful in guiding clinical protocols and prognosis of SEGs in children.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of posttraumatic cerebral massive infarction in children. Methods 68 cases were reviewed. Results There were 43 cases complicated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 37 with brain contusion, 48 with fracture of skull,and the hematoma was subdural in 29 cases, epidural in 16 cases, and intracerebral in 14 cases. Other complications included fracture of limbs (24/68), thoracic or abdominal injury (15/68), and hemorrhagic shock (30/68). The infarction were found mostly in the first 7 d (range 2 h~13 d), and 32 cases within 4~7 d after the trauma. The outcome when discharged (according to the Glasgow outcome scale) was good recovery in 32 cases, moderate disability in 15 cases, severe disability in 9 cases, vegetative state in 4 cases, and 8 cases died. Conclusion The feature of the posttraumatic cerebral massive infarction in children is usually concealed by primary injury. CT and MRI are the bases for diagnosis.The outcome may be better than in the adults when early diagnosis and intervention has been produced.

Objective To explore the clinical application of ultrasonography on tethered spinal cord syndrome (TCS).Methods Ultrasonic feature of 45 patients with TCS were analyzed retrospectively. Pre-and post-operative blood flow rates of cone were recorded by color doppler.Results Ultrasound was the same as computer tomography not only presented the image of anatomy and pathology of TCS,but also showed the lack of pulsatile motion of distal cord with TCS.Before the operation,blood flow rates of cone were( 0.047?0.012) m/s.After the operation,blood flow rates of cone were(0.158?0.029) m/s.There was significantly different(P

Multimedia is a widely-used teaching means in contemporary medical education.Establishing and improving the multimedia teaching material library is a strong guarantee for the smooth implementation of multimedia.The causes,significance and methods for establishment of pediatric surgery teaching multimedia material library according to the characteristics of pediatric surgery teaching are described in this article,with a view to provide a reference to other relevant professional institutions.

Minimally invasive neurosurgery techniques developing by leaps and bounds in the past few years,which is to be a great challenge for the clinical teaching of neurosurgery.Based on their own actual,neurosurgery department of the Children's hospital of Chongqing medical university enriched the teaching contents,improved teaching methods and trained microsurgical techniques for doctors at various levels,meanwhile,it strengthened participants'sterile awareness,set good team spirit,developed individualized assessment standards and achieved good results.

ObjectiveTo compare two treatment methods for acute iliofemoral vein thrombosis:c atheter-directed pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (CDPT,47 cases) and intervention combined surgicaltherapy( IST,14 cases).MethodsThis study includes 61 patients of acute iliofemoral vein thrombosis treated by CDPT or IST.All discharged cases were followed up by telephone for a period of 14 -37 months.ResultsAmong the 61 patients (64 extremities),47 (forty-seven extremities) treated by CDPT,and 14 cases (seventeen extremities) treated by IST.The IST group included three patients of bilateral iliofemoral vein thrombosis,five patients on postoperative status within one month,and three patients in which the iliofemoral vein was not accessible.When discharged from hospital,the effective rate of edema relief is 93.6％ in CDPT group while that is 94.1％ in IST group; Melena occurred in one patient of CDPT group and incision hematoma occurred in one patient of IST group.According to the results of 14 -37 months follow-up,the effective rate of edema relief is 85.0％ in CDPT group while that is 85.7％ in IST group ( x2 =0.004 and the P =0.948).Calf pigmentation occurred in only one patient of CDPT group.The patency rate of vein by BUS examination is 52.6％ in CDPT group while that is 84.6％ in IST group x2 =4.157,P =0.041 ).ConclusionsComparing with CDPT group,IST group has the similar effective rate of edema relief,but has higher patency rate of iliofemoral vein.In case of bilateral acute iliofemoral vein thrombosis,in patients in whom thrombolysis is contraindicated,or when the iliofemoral vein is not accessible,IST is the treatment of choice for acute iliofemoral vein thrombosis.

To explore the promotion of formative assessment for teaching, the surgery teaching and research section of Institute of Pediatric has carried out formative assessment in theory teaching of pediatric medicine pediatric surgery for seven-year program for two consecutive years , and the teaching effects and assessment results have been made detalled analysis. The results shows that for-mative assessment combining with summative assessment can guide the students to adjust learning method in time and improve teaching methods effectively. Compared with the pure summative evalua-tion, formative assessment has enhanced the students' learning initiative, and improved their abilityof learning and solving problems. Formative assessment can comprehensively measure the overall quality of students.