Animals ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Denture, Complete, Immediate ; Denture, Partial, Immediate ; Humans ; Immediate Dental Implant Loading ; methods ; Jaw, Edentulous ; rehabilitation ; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially ; rehabilitation ; Mandible ; Maxilla

Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Risk Assessment ; Safety

Confronted with many problems such as the aged population, increase in the demand for long-term care and financial pressure resulted from the previously defective social security system, after years of efforts, Germa-ny eventually succeeded in putting forward an effective national compulsory long-term care system in 1994 . The sys-tem which is based on the original health insurance system and supports multiple payments involves both local govern-ments and private organizations. Specific rules are clarified in terms of the insurance relations, application qualifica-tions, payment conditions and financial mechanism. Shares and contributions of the long-term care have been in-creased after years of practice. Besides, the number of applicants and beneficiaries is rising. Yet on the other hand, problems and controversies still exist in service quality, qualifications and contents for application and financial mech-anism. Germany’s experience in improving the social security system, the quality management of long-term care and effective control of financial balance serves as a significant reference for China in planning and implementing long-term care insurance system.

A total of 446 hyperuricemic patients were divided randomly by community-based cluster sampling into study (n =228) and comparison (n =218) groups.After 12-month health interventions,the Knowledge-Attitude-Performance (KAP) questionnaire [(19.0±4.7) points],lifestyle (balanced diet,modest physical exercises & regular monitoring) self-report questionnaire [attitudes prevention awareness:(8.3 ± 6.1) points,disease self-management behaviors:(13.2 ± 9.8) points],uricacid index [(395 ± 46)mmol/L] and body mass index (BMI) [(23.1 ± 2.3)kg/m2] were better than those at pre-intervention in study group [(9.3 ± 2.7),(4.6 ± 3.9),(7.4 ± 6.4)],[(420 ± 44)mmol/L,(24.9 ± 1.6) kg/m2] (P ＜ 0.05).Also the inter-group difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).It suggests that health intervention management is both feasible and effective in improving the KAP of patients,modulating lifestyles and lowering the levels of uric acid index and BMI.

Objective To review the characteristics,mechanism,the brain structural and functional changes of cognitive impairment induced by sleep-disordered breathing in children.Methods The retrieve time was from 2002 to 2014 and the retrieve databases were the US.national library of medicine and Weipu Chinese journal databases.Search word included sleep disorders breathing, cognitive, sleep apnea syndrome, neurobehavioralmanifestations,image,sleep deprivation.Results 52 English literature and 1 Chinese literature were accepted.Most literatures were clinical trial, comparative study, multicenter study, randomized controlled trial, controlled clinical trial.Conclusion The study in the cognitive impairment and characteristics change of the brain function and structure in children with SDB is not enough.Most cognitive assessments are completed by scale.How to diagnosis early,more objectively assess cognitive, study molecular mechanisms, study function change and positioning of brain function need more research in clinical.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the improvement effect of Eucalyptol enteric soft capsule on mice with lipopolysaccha-ride(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI). METHODS:60 mice were randomly divided into blank control group,model control group,Eucalyptol enteric soft capsule low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups(100,300,900 mg/kg),12 in each group. Mice in administration groups were intragastrically given relevant medicines,mice in blank control group and model control group were intragastrically given equal volume of normal saline(0.1 mL/10 g). After 2 h of administration,except for the blank control group, ALI was induced in other groups by atomized LPS. After 6 h of modeling,the mice were sacrificed,alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and lung tissue were taken. Morphological changes of lung tissue were observed under microscope;number of total cells,neutro-phils in BALF were calculated by blood cell count plate and staining by wright-giemsa respectively. Total protein concentration in BALF supernatant was detected by BCA method;TNF-α,IL-6 contents in BALF supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,lung tissue of mice in model control group showed obvious pathological damage and severe pulmonary edema;number of total cells,neutrophils in BALF,total protein concentration and TNF-α,IL-6 contents in BALF supernatant were significantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with model control group,pathologi-cal damage in lung tissue of mice was obviously improved in Eucalyptol enteric soft capsule high-dose group,number of total cells,neutrophils in BALF,total protein concentration and TNF-α,IL-6 contents in BALF supernatant were significantly decreased (P<0.05);and there were no significant differences in other groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:High-dose Eucalyptol enteric soft capsule can obviously improve LPS-induced ALI of mice.

OBJECTIVE: To intensify ward management on high-alert medications ensure clinical medication safety.METHODS: The main problems encountered in ward management on high-alert medications were analyzed;the application of continuous quality improvement(CQI) in the management on high-alert medications was introduced and the outcome was evaluated.RESULTS: The continuous quality improvement has greatly enhanced the management quality on high-alert medications and reduced the number of problems from previous 158 times before practice to 2 times after the practice of the continuous quality improvement.CONCLUSION: CQI is a continuous activity and it is conducive to the improvement of management quality on high-alert medications.

Gray Platelet Syndrome ; Humans

The test concludes the existing prominent problems and main damages on medical morality recently in China,and it also discusses the necessity and feasible ways to reinforce the medical moral construction from the two aspects of theory and practice under social market economical condition.

It is found in clinical practice that decisions made by agents on hehalf of the patients without capability of independent choice may sometimes conflict interests of the patient in question. The author summarized by categories common dilemmas faced by clinicians, and came up with the ethical principles to resolve the problems, as proven in case studies. Doctors should fully respect reasonable decisions of agents of such patients. Furthermore, to make a reasonable decision on their behalf, the agent is expected to make medical decisions in the interests of the life and health of the patient, with adequate knowledge of the disease, therapeutic measures and outcomes, and without any damage to interests of the patient they represent. Such a reasonable decision should neither violate laws of the state, nor infringe on interests of other individuals, collectives and the society at large for benefits of the patient in question. In addition, it should conform to the medical ethics of fair distribution of health resources.