0 05). No other embolisms or severe complications occurred in the two groups. Conclusions No substantive differences were detected between outcomes of embolization with PVA and PLES.

Streptomyces sp.X-435 isolated from a soil sample collected in the suburbs of Beijing was proved to be a produce Virginiamycin.To improve the productivity of the Virginiamycin of Streptomyces sp.X-435,the spores of strain X-435 were treated with UV.The three types of colony,strawhat,wrinkled,blad,were isolated on Gaose's medium plates after mutation.Among them,the colonies of strawhat type exhibited positive mutation and were picked up as objects of screening.After five generation of mutation,the mutant F5-25-u-28 was selected which potency of Virginiamycin was about 20times higher than that of the beginning strain by flask fermentation and was also genetic stable.

One strain of PRRSV was isolated from tissue of piglets died of obvious respiratory syndrome and high fever.It was identified as a strain of American type PRRSV by serological test and gene sequencing.According to American type PRRSV VR-2332,we designed 3 pairs of primers to aim directly at N gene,GP5 gene and variation sequence of NSP2.The results of sequence analysis indicated a discontinuous deletion of 30 amino acids in nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2).N and GP5 gene is conservative relatively.

BACKGROUND:Chinese medicineTangbikang can improve nerve conduction velocity in diabetic rats, and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Insulin like growth factor-I is a key target in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect ofTangbikangon the expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor protein and mRNA in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rat model. METHODS:The experimental diabetes melitus rat models were induced by feeding high fat forage and injection with streptozotocin. After model establishment, rats were givenTangbikang 4.18, 8.35, 16.7 mg/kg per day. This study set positive control methycobal, model and normal control groups. Intragastric administration was performed for 16 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, blood glucose levels were similar in the methycobal group, but decreased in the high-doseTangbikang group (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection revealed that body mass, motor nerve conduction velocity, insulin like growth factor-I and its receptor protein and mRNA expressions were increased in the methycobal and high-dose Tangbikang groups (P< 0.05 orP < 0.01). Results indicated that Tangbikang can prevent and treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy by promoting insulin like growth factor-I and its receptor. Cite this article:Mu XH, Sun W, Qin LL, Wu LL, Li WL, Guo X, Zhang L, Liu TH.Effects of Tangbikang on insulin like growth factor-I and its receptor expression in sciatic nerves of diabetic rats. Zhongguo Zuzhi

This study assessed the effects of leukemia-related protein 16 (LRP16) on the regulation of pancreatic functions in mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells. Cells with down-regulated expression of LRP16 were obtained by a shRNA interference strategy. Insulin content and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were examined by radioimmunoassay. Western blotting was applied to detect protein expression. Glucose-stimulated sub-cellular localization of PDX-1 was immunocytochemically determined. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Our results showed that LRP16 regulated insulin content in MIN6 cells by controlling expression of insulin and insulin transcription factors. LRP16 gene silence in MIN6 cells led to reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. The observation of phosphorylation of serine-473 Akt and the localization of PDX-1 to the nucleus under glucose-stimulation exhibited that LRP16 was a component mediating Akt signaling in MIN6 cells. These results suggest that LRP16 plays a key role in maintaining pancreatic β-cell functions and may help us to understand the protective effects of estrogen on the functions of pancreatic β-cells.

Objective:To explain the present status of licensed pharmacists in China, and put forward suggestions for perfecting the system by a problem-focused method. Methods: The data from Certification Center for Licensed Pharmacists of CFDA and 2535 pieces of questionnaire from nationwide were reviewed, and the practice registration, distribution, educational background, qualifica-tions and the other status were analyzed. Results:Generally, the development of licensed pharmacists in China was promising. Howev-er, there were still some problems existing in China such as the lower registration rate compared with some countries abroad, the une-ven distribution inside, and the unclear duty understanding. Conclusion:It is proposed to formulate relevant policies to strengthen re-gional guidance, improve registration rate, distinguish the content of continuing education and so on in order to promote the quality of licensed pharmacists in China.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of adenovirus-mediated VEGF-siRNA on transplanted osteo- sarcoma in nude mice.Methods: VEGF-siRNA gene was cloned into the genome of replication-deficient adenovirus to construct Ad-VEGF-siRNA;the latter was then used to infect osteosarcoma MG63 cell line in vitro;and the expression of VEGF gene was detected by RT-PCR.Osteosarcoma transplantation model was established in nude mice;VEGF expression in tumor tissue was analyzed and the inhibitory effect on tumor growth and lung metastasis were also observed.Results: The recombinant adenovirus vector Ad-VEGF-siRNA was successfully constructed.In vivo and in vitro experiment both showed that Ad-VEGF-siRNA significantly downregulated VEGF expression in MG63 cells and transplanted tumor tissue. It was found that Ad-VEGF-siRNA significantly inhibited transplanted osteosarcoma growth(P

This study was aimed to explore the effect of Tang-Nai-Kang (TNK) on trans-differentiation of renal tubular epithelial cell in KKAy mice in order to discuss the possible mechanism. Fifty 12-week-old male KKAy mice were randomly divided into the model group, valsartan group, TNK high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose group, with 10 rats in each group. Ten C57BL/6J mice were used in the normal group. Rats in the model group and normal group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Rats in other groups were given the corresponding drugs. After 8 weeks of gavage administration, kidneys of all mice were sampled and given Mosson and PAS dyeing. Expression distribution of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin in kidney tissues were observed under immunohistochemical staining. Expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was measured by western blot. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the area of renal fibrosis in the model group was significantly increased (P < 0.01); the expression of α-SMA was stronger; and the expression of E-cadherin was weaker. Compared with the model group, the area of renal fibrosis in the valsartan group, TNK high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose groups were significantly decreased (P< 0.01); the expression of α-SMA was weaker (P< 0.01);and the expression of E-cadherin was obviously increased (P < 0.05). The TGF-β1 expression in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the TGF-β1 expression in the valsartan group, TNK low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose groups were significantly lowered (P<0.01). And the TGF-β1 expression in the TNK high-dose group was even lower than that in the valsartan group. It was concluded that TNK was able to suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cell, and lessen the renal tubule interstitial fibrosis, in order to protect the kidney.

This study was aimed to observe the effect ofGuava leaf total flavonoids on HIT-T15 pancreaticβcell insulin resistance. Effective part of FSL was prepared. The dosing time, concentration and high glucose concentration of FSL were confirmed by observing HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cell growth curve and the influences of HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cell proliferation by different concentrations of glucose and FSL. Afterwards, the influence of FSL on HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cell insulin secretion, the expression of insulin receptor mRNA and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 protein were measured under the environment of high glucose. The results showed that 50 mmol·L-1 glucose can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cell (P < 0.01). The 50μg·mL-1 FSL can significantly promote the proliferation of HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cells (P < 0.01), the insulin secretion (P < 0.05), the expression of insulin receptor mRNA (P < 0.05), and the protein expression of IRS 1 (P <0.01). It was concluded thatGuava leaf total flavonoids can promote the insulin secretion of HIT-T15 pancreaticβ cells under the circumstance of high concentration of glucose which may be related to its effect of increasing expression of insulin receptor mRNA and IRS-1 protein.

This study was aimed to investigate the action mechanism ofHypoxis Hemerocallidea (African Potato, AP) on the AMPK signal pathway of skeletal muscles in diabetic rats. Among 40 male SD rats, 10 rats were used as the normal group, and the other 30 rats were fed with high-fat food for one month, and then injected with STZ for the model establishment. After the successful model establishment, rats were divided into the model group, pioglitazone hydrochloride group and the AP group. Intragastric administration was given for 5 weeks in each group. Then, the skeletal muscle tissues were embedded and sliced for immunohistochemistry test. The protein expression of p-AMPKα, p-AS16 and GLUT4 in skeletal muscles was detected by western blot. The 100 mmol·L-1 glucose was used in the establishment of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells insulin resistance model. AP drug-containing serum was used in the establishment of the treatment group. The control group was the normal cells. Glucose consumption, cell proliferation, SOD content, and MDA content were detected. And the protein expressions of p-AMPKα, p-AS160, GLUT4 were detected with the western blot and RT-PCR. The results showed that compared with the normal group, AP can up-regulate p-AMPKa protein express (P < 0.01), increase skeletal AS160 phosphorylation level (P < 0.01), and up-regulate the GLUT4 level (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal group, the high glucose caused the decrease of C2C12 skeletal muscle cell activity and the decrease of glucose consumption (P < 0.05), decrease of SOD, increase of MDA (P < 0.01), and the decrease of p-AMPKα, p-AS160, GLUT4 protein expression (P < 0.01). After 48 h intervention, the SOD of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells in the AP drug-containing serum group was significantly increased (P < 0.01), the MDA content was decreased (P < 0.05), the AMPKa and AS160 phosphorylation levels were increased (P < 0.01), the GLUT protein expression was increased (P < 0.01). It was concluded that the induced AMPKa and AS160 phosphorylation promoted GLUT 4 expression may be one of the action mechanism of insulin resistance of skeletal muscles in diabetes.