Recent studies have shown that pituitary hormones, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), and oxytocin(OT)may actually bypass their target endocrine organs and affect the skeleton directly. Therefore, a new conception, pituitary-bone axis is proposed. This breakthrough sheds a new light on the function of pituitary hormones and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis associated with hyperthyroidism, menopause or pregnancy, and even osteonecrosis after using glucocorticoids. In addition, it is conducive to give the reference guidance for clinical treatment of metabolic bone diseases and new drug development.

The FDA approved a total of 37 new drugs in 2022, including 22 new molecular entities and 15 new biological products. This is the year with the lowest number of new drugs approved by the FDA since 2017. Among these approved drugs, 21 new drugs belong to the "first-in-class" category, accounting for 56% of the total approved drugs, which is the highest ratio in the past 10 years. Among the drugs approved in 2022, there are 5 small molecule kinase modulators, including the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) allosteric inhibitor deucravacitinib, the first oral pyruvate kinase (PK) activator mitapivat, the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) selective inhibitor abcrocitinib, the JAK2 selective inhibitor pacritinib and the broad-spectrum fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor futibatinib. This review briefly describes the discovery background, research and development process, synthesis routes and clinical efficacy and safety of small molecule kinase modulators approved by the FDA in 2022, hoping to provide ideas and methods for further research on kinase modulators.

Carcinoma, Papillary ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; genetics ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate(STS)in the treatment of ad-vanced schistosomiasis. Methods Fifty cases with advanced schistosomiasis admitted to the Touzao Township Hospital of Dong-tai City during the period from November 2012 to November 2013 were treated with STS for 10 days,and the internal diameter of the portal vein,levels of ALT,AST,γ-GT,PIIIP,CIV,HA and LN were measured and compared before and after the adminis-tration of STS. Results The mean levels of all serological parameters except HA were within the normal range before STS treat-ment,while the highest positive rate was detected inγ-GT(26.0%)and HA(54.0%). Following the STS treatment,the mean lev-els of all parameters and the positive rates reduced,with the greatest reduction observed inγ-GT(36.7%)and HA(37.8%);how-ever,the mean HA level was still higher than the normal range. The mean internal diameter of the portal vein reduced from(10.5± 1.7)mm before the STS treatment to(9.8±1.3)mm after the STS administration,with a significant diffrtence(P<0.05). Conclu-sion STS appears effective in the treatment of advanced schistosomiasis.

Objective To determine the safety location of the bony tunnel in reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligaments on the basis of digital characterization of the anatomy of the clavicle and coracoid process.Methods Unilateral shoulder spiral CT scan was conducted in 30 patients without injury to the clavicle or coracoid process.They were 15 men and 15 women,aged from 20 to 71 years old (average,49.3 years).Thirty 3D digital models of the clavicle and coracoid process were constructed using the CT scan data by Mimics13.0.Half of the models were of the left shoulder and half of the right.Anatomic measurements of the clavicle and coracoid process were carried out on these models.Virtual transclavicular-transcoracoid bony tunnels were established according to the anatomy of the conoid ligament.Parameters of these bony tunnels were measured before the safety location was calculated.Results The mean clavicular length was 147.70 ± 5.34 mm in males and 133.09 ± 6.61 mm in females; the distance between the lateral edge of the clavicle and the center of the conoid tuberosity (CCD) was 35.90 ± 3.16 mm in males and 30.48 ± 0.54 mm in females; the distance between the lateral edge of the clavicle and the center of the trapezoid tuberosity (CTD) was 22.68 ± 1.23 mm in males and 18.69 ± 1.65 mm in females,with significant differences between genders (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between male and female regarding the ratio of the CCD to the clavicular length,the ratio of CTD to the clavicular length,or the mean internal rotational angle of the coracoid process (P ＞ 0.05).According the attachments of the conoid ligament on the clavicle and coracoid,from the superior-posterior edge of the clavicle to the anterior midpoint of the coracoid basement,the bony tunnels were established.These tunnels nearly bisected the cross section of the clavicle and coracoid basement,35.23° ± 2.36° medially inclined to the sagittal section and 5.91° ± 2.14° posteriorly inclined to the coronal section of the body.Conclusions To ensure that the bony tunnel should pass through the center of the clavicle and coracoid,it should be drilled from the superior-posterior edge of the clavicle and located at the clavicular attachment of the conoid ligament,tilting about 35° medially and 6° posteriorly to aim at the anterior midpoint of the coracoid basement.

[Objective]To study the influence of VAP(velvet antler polypeptide)-chitosan-honey suspension on decubitus ulcer.[Method]Swines'pressure ulcers were used as decubitus ulcer model.Honey was used as solvent carrier.VAP and chitosan were put into the honey in different proportion.The suspension was applied to the ulcer once a day for seven days.The dressings were changed once every other day.The healing state of the ulcer was observed and the area of the ulcer was calculated.The changes of the ulcer histopathology were observed.[Result]In the group of the suspension proportion of the VAP to the chitosan was 4:1,the wounds had little effusion and the granulation tissues grew fast with the scars falling off early and Absolutely.Pathology results indicated that in the group of the suspension proportion of the VAP to chitosan was 4:1,none necrosis was found,the epithelization was apparent,and the inflammatory cells were fewer.There was no edema,but more newly born blood vessles.[Conclusion]The VAP-chitosan-honey suspension could apparently promote the healing of decubitus ulcer,but the possible mechanism needs to be further studied.

Objective To study the relationship between Lidocaine blood drug level and the cause of death from Lidocaine anaphylactic shock. Method Comparing and analyzing the blood drug levels by HPLC between two groups of people whose various indexes are normal before the surgery. Group 1 included 8 cases who accepted Lidocaine as anesthetic and died from Lidocaine anaphylactic shock. Group 2 included 11 cases who also took Lidocaine as anesthetic and passed the surgery smoothly. Results Lidocaine blood level of Group 1 (1.61?0. 45mg/L) is lower than that of Group 2 (2. 44 ?0. 47mg/L). Conclusion Lidocaine blood drug level has nothing to do with the cause of Lidocaine anaphylactic shock.

OBJECTIVE: To strengthen the monitoring on narcotics and the first class psychotropic substances and to enhance the monitoring efficiency. METHODS: The computer network management of the narcotics and the first class psychotropic substances was achieved by using the special drug monitoring system. RESULTS: A real-time dynamic monitoring on the purchasing, marketing, inventory and distribution of narcotics and the first class psychotropic substances was realized, and the legal, safe and rational use of the above-mentioned drugs was guaranteed. CONCLUSIONS: The special drug monitoring system improved the standard computer network management of narcotic and the first class psychotropic substances, meeting the requirements of both our hospital and the related administration institutions to conduct real-time and dynamic monitoring for narcotic and the first class psychotropic substances

Objective To study application effectiveness of different concentrations of chlorhexidine oral care solu-tion in patients with orotracheal intubation.Methods A total of 120 patients who were admitted to the general in-tensive care unit (ICU)of a hospital and undergoing mechanical ventilation via orotracheal intubation for >48 hours between January 2012 and December 2013 were included in the study,they were divided randomly into three groups,40 in each group.Trial group,control group I,and control group II were provided with 2%,0.2%,and 0.12% chlorhexidine oral care solution,respectively.Differences in halitosis,oral mucosal infection,onset time and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP ) among three groups were observed and compared. Results There were significant difference in incidence of VAP and early-onset VAP between trial group and control group I,trial group and control group II,respectively(both P <0.05 );incidence of VAP in control group II was higher than trial group(47.50% vs 20.00%,P =0.009).Conclusion 2% chlorhexidine oral rinsing and swabbing can effectively reduce incidence of VAP in patients with orotracheal intubation.

Objective To investigate the role of tissue factor in the occurrence and development of co agulation in acute vascular rejection of heart xenotransplantation. Methods An animal model for acute vascular rejection of heart xenotransplantation was es tablished by using rat as recipient and guinea pig as donor. The xenografts were removed at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h after the operation for fibrin sedimentation by immunohistochemical technique to evaluate coagulation. Meanwhile, the express ion of tissue factor mRNA was detected at different time points by RT-PCR. Hear ts of normal guinea pigs were used as controls. Results Immunohistochemical examination showed that coagu lation developed at the 8 h when interstitial fibrin deposition and fibrinous th rombus appeared and aggravated with time. High expression of guinea pig tissue factor mRNA appeared at 4 h after the transplantation and then steadily d eclined and totally terminated at the 16 h. The expression of rat tissue factor mRNA appeared 16 h post operation and then kept steadily enhanced. Conclusions The tissue factor acts as an important role in the acute vascular rejection of h eart xenotransplantation. The high expression of donor tissue factor mRNA might be related to the trigger of coagulation and the high expression of the receptor ’s tissue factor may be related to the further development of coagulation.