Objective:To investigate the mechanism of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)in HepG2 cells contributing to tumor immune escape.Methods:T-lymphocyte and HepG2 cell were cocultured,and 1-methyl-tryptophan(1-MT)was added to make an intervening experiment.The expression of IDO mRNA in HepG2 cell cocultured with T-lymphocyte was detected by RT-PCR;the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cell cocultured with T-lymphocyte was analyzed by flow cytometer;The cytotoxicity of T-lymphocyte against HepG2 cell was examined by MTT assay.Results:In combine reaction system,the expression of IDO mRNA was strongly induced in HepG2 cell cocultured with T-lymphocyte and faintly induced when cultured with 1-MT;the earlier apoptosis rate of HepG2 cell in control group and experiment group(1-MT:1.25 mmol/l,2.5 mmol/l,5mmol/l)was respectively(3.48?0.34)%,(7.82?0.41)%,(18.62?0.42)%,(25.32?0.40)%(P

Objective To study the relationship between endothel in-1 in plasma and TCD in patients with brain injury.Methods We measured dynamically the level of ET-1 in plasma on 33 adult brain injured patients. Cerebral vasospasm was detected by transcranal Doppler sonography (TCD).Results 1.During 6-8 days, 13-15 days after injury,there was a significantly positive correlation between the level of ET-1 in plasma and cerebral vasospasm (r=0.533,P=0.002;r=0.423,P=0.02),especially during 6-8 days after injury. The increase of the level of ET-1 in plasma paralleled paroled with the time of cerebral vasospasm developed. 2.During 6-8 days after injury, the level of ET-1 in plasma of patients with cerebral vasospasm was obviously higher than those without cerebral vasospasm obviously (P

Background Studies indicate that the decline of androgen level affects the secretion function of epithelial cells of meibomian glands and lacrimal glands ,which results in the abnormality of tear quality and quantity.However,whether androgen level regulates the mucin adhesion to ocular surface is still not elucidated.Objective This study was to investigate the tear functional changes and corneal ultrastructural changes in castrated male mice.Methods Fifty-six SPF male BALB/c mice were devided into normal control group, sham group, and orchectomy 1-week group, orchectomy 2-week group, orchectomy 4-week group, orchectomy 6-week group, orchectomy 8-week group according to random number table.Orchectomy was performed in the mice of the orchectomy 1-,2-,4-,6-and 8-week group,and only incision rather than enucleation of testis was carried out in the mice of the sham group.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected during eyeball enucleation in all the mice and serum androgen concentration was detected by radioimmunoassay.Tear secretion level was measured with phenol red thread.Break-up time of tear film (BUT) was tested,and corneal inflorescence staining was scored based on the criterion of Toshida.The corneas of all the mice were collected for ultrastructural examination under the transmission electron microscope.The study complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Mouse serum androgen concentration was (573.87±6.74) ng/μl in the normal control group and (579.74-±8.24)ng/μl in the sham group, and there was no significant difference between these two groups (t =1.432, P =0.251) , however, the serum androgen concentration was 0 ng/μl in all castrated mice after orchectomy.The tear secretion levels were (5.26 ± 0.99), (4.89 ± 0.56), (4.62 ± 0.83), (4.28 ± 0.63), (3.36 ± 0.56),(2.60±0.27) and (2.08 ±0.35) mrn/5 minutes in the normal control group, sham group and orchectomy 1-, 2-, 4-,6-and 8-week groups, respectively, and the tear secretion levels were significantly lower in the orchectomy 2-, 4-,6-and 8-week groups than those in the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).The BUT were (68.33±12.86), (62.47± 3.75),(58.67±10.03), (47.17±7.64) ,(39.51±3.39),(32.67±3.88) and (31.00±2.36) seconds in the normal control group, sham group and orchectomy 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-and 8-week groups, respectively, and the BUTs were significantly shorter in the orchectomy 2-,4-, 6-and 8-week groups than those in the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).The fluorescein stain score of corneal epithelium was gradually increased with the lapse of castrated time.The decrease of number,shortening and edema of microvilli as well as separation of desmosomes of corneal epithelial cells were found under the transmission electron microscope in castrated mice.Conclusions Decreasing of serum androgen level, declining of aqueous tears,instability of tear film and damage of corneal epithelial cell ultrastructures occur in castrated male mice, and these manifestations are similar to dry eyes.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tubastatin A Hcl,a selective HDAC6 inhibitor,on the development of chronic asthmatic mice with airway inflammation,airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness. Methods BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group, asthma group,dexamethasone group and Tubastatin A Hcl group. The airway resistance,total cells and different cells in BALF,IL?4,IL?5,TGF?β1 were detected by ELISA. HE、AB?PAS and Masson trichrome staining were carried out to assess the airway inflammation and remodeling. Immuno?histochemical staining and western blotting were adopted to determine the expression ofα?SMA and TGF?β1. Results After drugs treatment,air?way resistance decreased,and levels of IL?4,IL?5,TGF?β1,total inflammatory cells and eosinophils in BALF were relieved. Meanwhile,inflamma?tory cells infiltration,goblet cells metaplasia and collagen deposition in lung tissue were also reduced,but all of above the effects of dexamethasone were better than Tubastatin A Hcl. The expression ofα?SMA and TGF?β1 in the lung tissue decreased significantly after treatment ,in which Tu?bastatin A Hcl were slightly better than dexamethasone treatment. Conclusion Tubastatin A Hcl can effectively relieve airway inflammation ,air?way remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in chronic asthmatic mice ,but its effect of anti?inflammatory is worse than dexamethasone treat?ment,while it is better than dexamethasone in the effect of relief airway remodeling.

OBJECTIVE To get knowledge of the drugs resistance change of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care unit ICU, so as to offer the first-hand information to the clinical preventive and therapeutic countermeasures. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of Staphylococcus aureus(SAU) were performed from 2001 to 2006. RESULTS The most frequent isolates were P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii in 2001-2004. S. aureus were more than A. baumannii in 2006 and became the majore isolated bacteria in the sputum of the ICU patients. The incidence of drug resistance increased yearly(0, 25.0%, 29.4%, 74.4%, 87.7%, 92.7%, respectively) in S. aureus, and it was susceptibte to vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS It was showed that P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, A. baumannii and S. aureus were the major pathogens in the ICU, showing high drug resistance. Doctors should pay more attention to analyze the bacterial resistance profile in order to decrease the incidence of drug resistance and use the antibiotics properly.

Catheter Ablation ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry ; surgery

Compared with other drug-resistant strains, Acinetobacter baumannii has the characteristics of serious drug resistance, high mortality and difficulty to treat. As the phenomena of resistance to existing anti-Acinetobacter baumannii drugs continuously occurs, the development of new anti-Acinetobacter baumannii drugs is urgent. This review introduces the clinical application and research progress of anti-Acinetobacter baumannii drugs, aiming to provide help for the research and development of anti-Acinetobacter baumannii drugs.

To establish HPLC specific chromatogram and its correlation with the protection effect of Shuanghuanglian on MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cell injury induced by influenza A virus( H1N1). Nine recipes of Shuanghuanglian based on the official prescription were prepared according to orthogonal test for HPLC analysis and MDCK cells protection experiment separately (cytopathic effect (CPE) method was used for observing the virus infectivity and MTT staining results were used as the determining indexes for drug concentration selection and analyzing cell viability). The results suggested that all the other Shuang-Huang-Lian recipes except recipe1 demonstrate protecting effect on MDCK cell injury induced by influenza A virus (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis was used for analyzing the relationships between HPLC fingerprint and the protecting effect of Shuanghuanglian on influenza A virus induced MDCK cell injury. Peak 2, 3, 6, 8 and 12 were found to be strongly related with anti-influenza A virus efficacy. Stepwise regression analysis of recipes data and efficacy data showed that Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus were positively associated with the protecting effect of cells injury. From HPLC fingerprints, we found that peak 2, 3, 12 were from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and peak 6, 8 were from Forsythiae Fructus. Four peaks were identified through comparing the retention time between the standard and Shuanghuanglian recipes, and they were chlorogenicacid, cryptochlorogenic acid, forsythoside B and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid respectively. Caffeic acid derivatives in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus were found to be greatly correlated with anti-influenza A virus efficacy and maybe the substance basis of Shuanghuanglian.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dogs ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Forsythia ; chemistry ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; drug effects ; physiology ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry

Objective To evoke cerebral potentials by stimulating nociceptive fibers with contact heat evoked potentials stimulator (CHEPS)and estimate the nerve conduction velocities of peripheral nerve fibers mediating these responses.Methods Subjects were set in supine position.A heat-foil technology with a rapid rising speed at 70 ℃/s was used to elicit pain and contact heat evoked potentials(CHEP).Contact heat was delivered via one circular thermode (diameter 27 mm,area 573 mm~2).Thermal stimuli were sent at two intensity levels (49.5 ℃ and 54.5 ℃) to three body sites:thenar eminence,the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forarm.Contact heat evoked potentials were recorded from Cz and Pz.A systemic effect between stimulus intensities and pain rating were observed,the main components of this evoked potential were observed.Nerve conduction velocity was calculated from latency difference of CHEP and center to center distance of distal and proximal stimulus arrays.Results The pain intensity rating was 3.2?0.3 and 4.4?0.5 when thenar eminence was stimulated at the temperature of 49.5 ℃ and 54.5 ℃ respectively;the rating was 6.3?0.8 and 7.2?0.5 when the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forarm were stimulated at the temperature of 54.5 ℃ respectively.Three components,Cz/N550,Cz/P750 and Pz/P1000,were found in the evoked potentials.Nerve conduction velocities of the fibers were (12.9?7.5) and (1.7?0.4) m/s respectively,which were corresponding to those of A8 fiber and C fiber.Conclusions CHEPs can be elicited reliably and stably.Velocities of peripheral nerve fibers demonstrate that A8 fiber and C fiber mediate the response.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of the spinal cord during neck flexion in Hirayama disease for diagnosis.Methods MRI examinations in neutral neck position and a fully flexed neck position were performed on 18 cases of Hirayama disease and 31 young normal control subjects.We measured an antero-posterior diameter(APD)and transverse diameter(TD)of the cervical cord at the superior margin of the C6 vertebral body for each position,and investigate the dynamic changes.The different in frequency of these findings between the control and patient groups was examined by means of the x~2 test.The group means were compared by independent-sample t-test.Significance was defined as P