Objectives To determine the effect of functional balance of peritoneal macrophages on clearing retrograded endometrial cells,the remains and progression of which are preconditions of endometriosis.Methods Homogenous murine endometrial cells were injected into the peritoneal cavities of Swiss Webster mice and nude mice.Macrophages were measured at the 48 hours.It was followed by the administration of the isolated epithelial and stromal cells into the peritoneal cavities of mice.The numbers of recruited macrophages,gene expression of(MCP-1,)IL-1 ?,IL-6 in macrophages were detected at 4,24,and 72 h.The macrophages was identified by immunostaining with CD68 antibody.The activity of the scavenger receptors(SR-A1),which are present in differentiated macrophages and are absent in monocytes,was determined by fluorescence microscopy.Results The intraper-itoneal administration of endometrial cells increased the number of peritoneal macrophages.The 24-hour point is the peak time of recruitment of macrophages and gene expressions of MCP-1/JE and IL-1?.The differentiated macrophages collected from Swiss Webster mice expressed scavenger receptors(SR-A1) stronger than cells from nude mice.Conclusion The retrograde menstruation could account for the increased presence of inflammatory mediators in the peritoneal cavity of women with endometriosis.Maintenance of the functional balance of recruited macrophages by the administration of endometrial cells between scavenger and cytokine secretion might be necessary to clear retrograded endometrial cells effectively and to further disrupt the progress of endometriosis.

Female patient, 29 age, married, lives in Ha Long. Admitted of hospital 16/03/2001. Reason for admitted hospital: prolonged fever symtoms: splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, enlargement of the lymph glands, anemia, purpura. Investigation: thrombocytopenia, hypohemoglobin, hyperglobulin, HIV positive. Hypermacrophages were indentidied by microsscopy in the bone marrow smear: parasites in macrophages look like Amastigote of Leishmania parasites in the atlas (the morphology of human blood cells- abbott laboratories). Born marrow cultured in NNN medium: identidied promastigote. Diagnosis: visceral Leishmaniaxsis. It was confirmed by Karolinska hospital of Sweden, China, Singapore, Australia. This is first case indentified in Vietnam
Leishmaniasis, Visceral ; Leishmania donovani

From 2004 to 2013,Peking Union Medical College had implemented technology innovation plans to build 12 innovation teams funded by Ministry of Education.This paper made statistical analysis of the results and achievements of the team building initiatives and put forward new ideas and measures for future development.

The traditional indoctrination typed teaching mode restricts students' subjective initiative,not conducive to the cultivation of students' practical ability and improvement of the comprehensive qualities.Innovating teaching mode of ideological and political theory course in higher vocational school is the objective requirements of higher vocational school.The innovation was made in teaching concept,organizational form of teaching,teaching contents,teaching methods,teaching means and teaching evaluation.

The article summarized and analyzed the research fund for doctoral programs at Peking Union Medical College during the 10th and 11th Five-Year period.A further exploration into the fund's management pattern was made and suggestions on how to improve the management were also proposed.

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe psychotic disease with high incidence. Treatment of schizophrenia with neuroleptic is a major medical advance, but sometime its result is still limited. Objective: To study the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (EC) in treatment of paranoid schizophrenic patients. Subject and methods: 101 paranoid schizophrenic patients treated by neuroleptic alone or neuroleptic combined EC, were treated in the Mental Department of Hospital 103 and Nam Dinh Mental Hospital from May, 2006 to June, 2007. Results and Conclusion: All 100% of the patients had a positive response to EC; the mean times of EC were 7.63\xb11.4 times for one. The regression of hallucination was observed after 4.6\xb11.49 times of EC; delusion after 4.96\xb11.4 times; suicide attempt after 3.25\xb10.96 times and refusing to eat after 4.96\xb12.1 times of EC; insomnia disappeared after 4.96\xb12.1 times of EC. Some side effects of the EC therapy: 100% of patients had orientation disorder; headache with light and moderate level accounted for 69.65% and 26.79%, respectively. Combination therapy made patients more stable, compared to neuroleptic therapy alone (p<0.05).
paranoid schizophrenia ; electroconvulsive therapy

The Union Youth Science & Research Fund was set up by the Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) using the Fundamental Research Funds for the central universities.Education Ministry's National College Special Fund for Basic Science& and Research drafted and implemented its own management rules.The rules standardize the fund's various aspects including its system construction,project classification,implementation terms,outlay management,and project management.In consequence,the rules promoted the young teachers' research on funded-subjects and improved the management level on scientific research projects.

RNA interfering (RNAi) is a process of sequence-specific, posttranscriptional gene silencing in animals and plants. In mammalian cells, duplexes of 19～25 nts (nucleotides) RNAs efficiently inhibit gene expression. The pBS/H1SP vector expressing siRNA is used which inhibit specific HIV-1 gene expression. To assess the intracellular effect of this H1 promoter-driven siRNA, a reporter plasmid pEGFP-C1-HIV protein which expresses fusion protein of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and HIV protein was used. The expression of the reporters can be easily visualized by fluorescence microscopy in living cells. siRNA-generating vectors targeted to several HIV-1 genomes were constructed and then co-transfected with respond reporter expression vectors into HEK293 cells. Cells transfected with pHIV-siRNA exhibited a significant inhibition of pEGFP-HIV expression compared with cells transfected with control vectors. By this way, it is successfully to select effective siRNA for silencing target HIV-1 genes. Then two or three siRNA transcripts targeted to different HIV genes were expressed by one plasmid, and a relative strong inhibition effect was observed.

Objective To observe the effect of severe heatstroke on intestinal mucosal barrier function,and explore its correlation with systemic inflammatory reaction.Methods The SPF male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group,40 ℃ heat stress group and 42 ℃ heat stress group,with 6 mice in each group.The mice in normal control group were observed at normal temperature with (25.0 ± 0.5)℃,and the mice in heat stress groups were challenged with a temperature of (35.5 ± 0.5) ℃ and a humidity of (60 ± 5)％ until body temperature increase up to 40 ℃ or 42 ℃ followed by recovering the surroundings temperature to normal temperature for 12 hours.The blood of medial angle of eye of mice in each group was collected for determination of plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels,and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The level of D-lactic acid was determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometer.Then the mice in each group were sacrificed,and mesenteric lymph node (MLN),liver,spleen,lung,kidney tissues,and the blood from portal vein and caval vein were collected for colony count to observe the intestinal bacterial translocation.The ileum tissue was collected for observation of changes in histomorphology and ultrastructure of small intestine mucous membrane with microscope.Pearson linear regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction and systemic inflammatory response.Results Compared with normal control group,plasma LPS,inflammatory parameters such as TNF-α and IL-6,and gut barrier function parameters such as DAO and D-lactic acid levels as well as the rate of bacterial translocation after heat stress were significantly increased,and the differences were more obvious in 42 ℃ heat stress group [LPS (EU/L):740±50 vs.340±40,TNF-α (ng/L):148.06±36.61 vs.12.89 ± 1.67,IL-6 (ng/L):110.91 ± 9.97 vs.18.02 ± 2.20,DAO (U/L):1 760 ± 400 vs.670± 50,D-lactic acid (mg/L):9.60 ± 1.48 vs.5.08 ± 0.28,rate of bacterial translocation:78.6％ (33/42) vs.9.5％ (4/42),all P ＜ 0.01].It was shown by Pearson linear regression analysis that plasma LPS,TNF-α,IL-6 were positively correlated with DAO activity (r values were 0.834,0.808,0.836,respectively) and D-lactic acid (r values were 0.811,0.811,0.800,respectively) in 42 ℃ heat stress group (all P =0.000).It was showed by microscope that the changes in histomorphology and ultrastructure changes in intestinal mucosa were found after heat stress,and was obvious in 42 ℃ heat stress group as following:villus atrophy and falling off,infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes,the microvillus on the surface of mucosa cells were short and small,arranged in disorder,the tight junction between epithelial cells became widen,the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum swelled obviously.Conclusion During the early stage of severe heatstroke,the damage of intestinal mucosal was obvious,and it has close correlation with systemic inflammatory response.

Objective To separate human γ-tubulin ring complexes (γTuRC) .Methods Cell lysates prepared from 293FT cells were separated using gel filtration chromatography .Then, the eluate fractions containing γTuRC or γ-tubulin small complexes (γTuSC ) were determined by immunoblotting .Results As the constitutive components of γTuRC,γ-tubulin,γ-tubulin complex protein 2 (GCP2), GCP3 and GCP4 were eluted and enriched in the fourth fraction .The molecular mass of eluates in the fourth fraction was about 2000 ×10 3 .Following γTuRC, the constitutive components ofγTuSC including γ-tubulin, GCP2 and GCP3 were eluted and enriched in the fourteenth fraction .The molecular mass of eluates in the fourteenth fraction was about 310 ×10 3 .Unassembled free components were washed out in the eighteenth and subsequent fractions .γTuRC could be detected in the corresponding fractions by negative-PAGE separation .ConclusionγTuRC and γTuSC were successfully separated from the unassembled free components in the fourth ( 4#) and fourteenth (14#) eluted fraction, respectively.The eluates containing ofγTuRC orγTuSC can be used for microtubule assembly research.