Objective To observe the results of 45 cases with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) genotypic viral resistance test(GT) assay.Method The technitues provided by AB Applied Biosystem was used to check the mutations in the reverse transcriptase associated with significant viral resistance.Results Fourteen cases out of 40(35%)cases which failed from first line regimen showed resistance to both zedovudine(ZDV) and lamivudine(LMV),and 26 cases out of 40(65%) cases showed resistance to ZDV or lamivudine used in the first line.For no-nucleoside reverse transcriptase in habitor(NNRTIs),11 cases out of 40(27%) cases had resistance to nevirapine(NVP),29 cases out of 40(63%) cases showed resistance to both NVP and efairavir(EFV).Two cases out of 5 which failed from second line regimen showed that one drug from both first and second line had no resistance,so it still could be used in the new regimen.Conclusion GT assay is very useful for choosing a best and personalized regimen for AIDS patients.

This article introduces the way of making and using ultrasound multimedia courseware,which can improve teaching means,enrich teaching contents,activate classroom atmosphere and enhance the connection of basic and clinical knowledge.Meanwhile,the environment request of the demonstration courseware and interaction courseware as well as the necessity and significance of multimedia in ultrasound teaching are discussed.It is suggested that computer assisted instruction(CAI) plays an important role in ultrasound teaching.

Asthma ; immunology ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; immunology ; United States

Objective To study effect of drug treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with hyperprolactinemia.Methods We retrospectively studied 50 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperprolactinemia from the outpatient between January 2005 and April 2008.Acccording to the beginning time of bmmocriptine.all women were divided into two groups.Groups Ⅰ was composed of 38 cases who received bromocriptine before induction of ovulation cycies,and the dose of bromocriptine was modulated depending on the level of serum prolaotin.When serum prolactin was controlled at normal levels,we decreased the dosage of bromocriptine step by step(1.25mg once),and then continued the treatment at maintenance dosage for no less than 3 weeks.After a baseline ultrasonographic examination on day 3,patients were treated with clomiphene citrate at a dosage of 100mg(2 tablets/day)for 5 days of a normal cycle or progesterone-induced bleeding.On day 9.we monitored the growth conditions of follicles routinely with trails-vagihal ultrasound.If there was no dominant follicle,we added human menopausal hormone(HMG 75U/d)to the protocol.Human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG,5 000-10 000IU)was given intramuscularly when the mean diameter of a follicle reached at least 18mm.At the same time we iustmcted the patients to have sexual intercourses or carried out artificial inseminations before and after ovulation.Group Ⅱ were 12 cases in which induction of ovulations were commenced almost simultaneously with beginning of bromeoriptine.The same protucol was given to patients in group Ⅱ.The procedures of ovulation induction and the outcomes of treatment were analyzed and compared.Results Compared with groupⅡ.the days of using HMG in group Ⅰ was shorter by instructing the time of sexual intercourse.The difference was significant(P=0.004).And there were similar rosults in the artificial insemination cycles(P=0.009).The rate of pregnancy in group Ⅰ(42% 16/38)was higher than that in group Ⅱ(25%,3/12),but the difference was not obvious.Conclusion Bromocriptine administration before the stimulated ovulation therapy can decrease the total dosage and treatment course of ovulating drugs.Induction of ovulations simultaneously with start of bromocriptine therapy can shorten the treatment time of infertility.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of zoledronic acid combined with radiotherapy for metastatic bone tumours. Methods Eighty patients with metastatic bone tumour by meta were randomly derided into two groups study group(n=40), and the eantrol group (n=40). The study group received 4 mg zoledronic acid infusion for 15 minutes combined with radiotherapy (DT 30Gy/10f/2w) ,control group was only treated with radiotherapy. The primary effective parameters were pain scores, quality of life, KPS scores and pain relief rates. The vital signs, bi-ochemical and hematological parameters were determined. Results The overall response rates of study group and control group were 97.5% and 72.5% ,respectively(P<0.05). The overall response rate of movement capacity im-provement was 87.5 % in the study group and 65.0% in the control group(P<0.05). There was statistical signifi-cance of QOL and KPS in two groups (P<0.01). An adverse event of mild systemic skeletal pain was recorded after pamidronate infusion and completely reversed after 8 hours. Conclusion Zoledronic acid combined with radiothera-py is effective and safe for treating malignant tumour with mestastatic bone tumours. It is a better way to treat meta-static bone tumors at present.

The cost-benefit analysis of medical equipment investment has been paid much more attention by the hospitals' decision makers. The overall planning should been strengthened before the introduction of equipments and doing a good job in market research contributes to exert equipments' effectiveness. The equipment use and management being strengthened can significantly reduce the costs and improve the efficiency and effectiveness,and furthermore,end-of-life equipment management are also important factors to reduce costs. The investigation is based on the same one among Grade II hospitals in Shanghai in 2007. Referring to the result of similar investigation in 2005,analysis and thinking from different aspects are showed to offer some reference in the future device assets management of hospitals.

time of infusion. Data analysis indicated that A1B3C2 was the best combination of the 3 factors according to the degree of lung injury. Conclusion Adequate amount of HES 200/0.5 infused during compensated stage of hypovolemic shock produces best result.

Objective To estimate the status of secondhand smoking (SHS) among restaurant workers in Shanghai and explore its impact on health. Methods A random sample of 242 workers from 33 restaurants was selected to participate in the face to face interview. Results There were 90.7% restaurant workers suffered SHS during working with mean exposed time of 23.9?18.6 hours per week. The exposure time each week was positively associated with the symptom of dyspnea and irritated eyes, and the odds ratios were 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01~1.06) and 1.02 (95%CI: 1.01~1.03), respectively. There were 70.7% surveyed participants supported the concept of smoke-free restaurants. Conclusion The restaurant workers in Shanghai suffered from SHS seriously which result in impairment of respiratory system.

Objective To analyze human operational reliability,and to provide suggestions for design of controllers in spacecraft cabin.Method Twenty-two male subjects participated in 924 person-times of experiments.The experiments were divided into 6 groups to study the effect of space suit glove,time interval and task on human operational reliability in spacecraft cabin.Result 1)Task had obvious effects on operational reliability and time(P

Objective To determine the inhibitory effect of the synthetic Nrf 2 siRNA on the expression of Nrf2 gene in human laryngeal cancer cell lines Hep2 and to investigate the effects of Nrf2 siRNA on chemosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma to cisplatin by detection growth and apoptosis in Hep2 cells .Methods The recombinant plas‐mid control siRNA and Nrf2 siRNA were transfected into Hep2 cells ,and western blot analysis of Nrf2 expression in Hep2 cells was performed 48 h after transfection .In order to determine whether Nrf2 siRNA can enhance the sensi‐tivity of Hep2 laryngeal cells to cisplatin ,we treated Hep2 cells with different concentrations of cisplatin after 24 h , and evaluated these cells for proliferation ,and apoptosis .CCK - 8 and flow cytometry assay were used for determi‐nation of cells proliferation and apoptosis in Hep2 cells .We calculated the inhibition rate and IC50 of the cell after treating with different concentrations of ciplatin .Results The laryngeal carcinoma cell stain Hep2 was transfected by Nrf2 siRNA and control siRNA respectively .The result of western blot showed the Nrf 2 expression was signifi‐cantly impeded at protein levels .CCK - 8 assay showed the proliferation of Hep2/Nrf2 siRNA and Hep2/ control siRNA was inhibited to 35 .55% to 46 .07% at 24 h respectively after treating with 4 μg/ml cisplatin .The chemo‐sensitivity to cisplatin in Hep2/Nrf2 siRNA was markly increased compared with Hep2/control siRNA .The IC50 in Hep2/Nrf2 siRNA was 5 .27 μg/ml contrast to 8 .107 μg /ml compared in Hep2/control siRNA .The result of flow cytometry analysis showed the apoptosis rate after Nrf 2 depletion was increased from 17 .1% to 26 .6% .Conclusion This study demonstrates that Nrf2 siRNA effectively inhibits Nrf2 gene expression in Hep2 cells leading to growth suppression and induction of apoptosis in Hep2 cells under cisplatin .The use of siRNA technique may pro‐vide a novel therapeutic approach to treat laryngeal cancer for enhance chemosensitivity .