Objective To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics in 55 patients with Acute Viral Diarrhea caused by Norovirus.And provide basis for preventing and controlling the spread of the disease.Methods A total of 5 1 3 fe-cal samples of diarrhea cases from 3 surveillance hospitals in 2013 from January to December were collected,analyzed the clinical date and detected Norovirus useing RT-PCR.Results The number of Norovirus positive was 55,positive rate was 10.7%.There were significant differences between Norovirus infection and not infected patients for age (χ2=4.27,P<0.05),then there were no significant differences between Norovirus infection and not infected patients for gender,employ-ment,whether food pathogenic diseases (χ2=0.086~3.21,P>0.05).The clinical symptoms of acute gastroenteritis pa-tients caused by Norovirus infection was fever (χ2=4.6,P<0.05),there were no significant differences for diarrhea (≥5 times/day),bellgache,vomiting,nausea (χ2=0.139~3.636,P>0.05).Conclusion Norovirus is common pathogens of a-cute diarrhoea,which incidence is higher.Clinical symptoms alone is difficult to differentiate with other diarrheaphases.The confirmed diagnosis is depended on the etiology.

Objective To observe the effects of thymosin alpha-1 on T cell subsets and gastricintestinal reac-tion of patients with gastricintestinal tumor. Methods Twenty patients with gastricintestinal tumor were divided into two groups, observe group(n = 10) received thymosin alpha-1 during chemotherapy, and control group(n = 10) only received chemotherapy, T cell subsets and gastricintestinal reaction were observed. Results Before chemotherapy, CD+4,CD+8 and CD+4/CD+8 of observe group were(43.7±7.5),(27.3±2.8) and (1.5±0.1), and control group were (39.4±6.3), (30.9±2.5) and (1.2±0.6). There was significant difference between them (P < 0.05). After chemotherapy, CD+4, CD+8 and NK cell were (40.6±6.8)、( 29.7±2.6) and (19.1±2.7), control group (35.9±5.7), (33.4±2.4) and (18.6±2.3). There was significant difference between them (P < 0.05). Effec-tive ratio of nausea and vomit of observe group were 72.5% and 60.0%, control group 40.0% and 33.3%, There were significant differences between them(P <0.05). Conclusion Thymosin alpha-1 may ameliorate the function of T cell subsets and gastricintestinal reaction of patients with gastricintestinal tumor.

Aim To investigate whether melatonin ( MT) can alleviate endoplasmic reticulum( ER) stress at an early stage of bleomycin( BLM)-induced lung fi-brosis in mice. Methods Adult healthy male ICR mice were divided randomly into control group, MT group, BLM group and MT + BLM group. In MT group, mice had saline treatment 30 minutes after hav-ing the intraperitoneal injection of MT (10 mg·kg-1 ) and had been intraperitoneally injected with MT once in the following every 24 hours. In BLM group, mice were intratracheally injected with a single dose of BLM (5 mg·kg-1). In MT+BLM group, mice had been intraperitoneally injected with BLM 30 minutes after having MT and had been injected with MT once in the following every 24 hours. In control group, mice re-ceived the same level of saline treatment in the same manner. All mice were dissected for collecting the tis-sue of lungs at different time points (24h, 72h) after BLM treatment. Inflammatory cell infiltration of lungs was determined by HE staining. The level of ER stress related proteins ( GRP78 , p-eIF2α, p-IRE1α) in lungs was determined using Western blot. The distribu-tion of ER stress related proteins ( GRP78 , p-IRE1α, ATF6α, p-PERK) in lungs was detected by immuno-histochemistry. Results The model of BLM-induced acute inflammation of lung fibrosis in mice had been successfully constructed. After BLM treatment, lung weight, lung weight ratio and inflammatory cell infiltra-tion were significantly increased with a significant cor-relation between time and effectiveness. After MT treatment, lung weight, lung weight ratio and inflam-matory cell infiltration were significantly reduced. The results of Western blot showed that MT pretreatment not only prevented the increase of BLM-induced GRP78 protein significantly, but also restrained the phosphorylation of eIF2α and IRE1α in mouse lungs. Immunohistochemistry also showed that MT pretreat-ment reduced the expression of GRP78 , p-IRE1α, ATF6α and p-PERK. Conclusion MT alleviates ER stress effectively at an early stage of BLM-induced lung fibrosis in mice.

Objective To observe the changes of hospitalization rates of patients with goiter in Lianyungang City in a coastal area with mild iodine deficiency in 2002-2010.Methods Medical reports of patients with goiter from county hospitals were studied at county level with a retrospective method.In accordance with the National Iodized Salt Monitoring Program,nine townships(towns) were taken from each county (district) [total of five counties(districts)]; four villages were selected from each township (town); salt samples were taken from eight households in each village,and salt iodine was determined using direct titration of sodium thiosulfate.Results The hospitalization rate of patient with goiter increased from 1.87/10 million in 2002 to 7.05/10 million in 2009,and then fluctuated to 6.06/10 million in 2010(x2 =281.91,P＜ 0.01).Among them,female's hospitalization rates were significantly higher than that of male 's(The variation range of x2 values were 35.23-116.04,all P ＜ 0.01),and the hospitalization rates of people over the age of 40 years were significantly higher than that of people less than 40 years of age(The variation range of x2 values were 33.04-263.04,all P ＜ 0.01),and the hospitalization rates of people in urban areas were significantly higher than that of people in rural areas (The variation range of x2 values were 18.35-140.00,all P ＜ 0.01).Average salt iodine was 27.61-30.13 mg/kg in 2002-2010.The coverage rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt both increased year by year (x2 =183.75,211.99,P ＜ 0.01).There was a positive correlation between hospitalization rate of patient with goiter and coverage rate of iodized salt(spearman correlation coefficient was 0.83,P ＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation between hospitalization rate of patient with goiter and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt too (spearman correlation coefficient was 0.93,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In Lianyungang City,the hospitalization rate of patient with goiter,the coverage rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt all show upward trend in 2002-2010.The relationship among them is worth further study.

AIM: To investigate the surgical methods of Helveston syndrome.
METHODS: Fifteen cases ( 30 eyes ) with Helveston syndrome were studied. Surgical method was selected according to the degree of superior oblique muscle overaction and dissociated vertical deviation (DVD).
RESULTS: Binocular superior oblique intrathecal tenectomy was performed in 8 patients (16 eyes). Follow-up period after surgery was 1-3a. Those 8 patients got A-sign correction, of which 3 patients (6 eyes) got DVD vanished and 5 patients (10 eyes) got DVD alleviation. None of the 8 cases needed another operation for DVD. Binocular superior rectus recession and binocular lateral rectus recession with vertical offsets was performed in 4 patients (8 eyes). Follow-up period after surgery was 1-3a. The 4 patients got A sign correction and with orthophoria, of which 1 patient ( 2 eyes ) got DVD vanished and 3 patients ( 6 eyes) got DVD alleviation. None of the 4 cases needed another operation for DVD. Binocular lateral rectus recession and vertical offsets was performed in 3 patients (6 eyes). Follow-up period after surgery was half a year, with orthophoria, no A sign, DVD weakened, and no second operation was needed. CONCLUSION: Surgical procedures for Helveston syndrome can be selected according to the degree of superior oblique muscle overaction and DVD.

Objective To explore the influence of expert patient progratmne on self-efficacy and serf-management of patients with permanent colostomy. Methods 46 patients with permanent colostomy were participated in expert patient programme .All patients' self-efficacy and self-management were inves-tigated with questionnaire before and after training. Results The score of serf-efficacy and self-manage-ment was increased after participating in the expert patient programme. Conclusions Taking part in ex-pert patient programme may improve self-efficacy and self-management of patients with permanent colosto-my effectively.

Objective To analyze the affection and clinical significance of CD26/DPP4 on CD4+T cells and its cytokines in patients withCrytococcalMeningitis.Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 36 patients diagnosed withCrytococcal Meningitis in Changhai Hospital and Changzheng Hospital,Shanghai from August,2011 to December,2015,meanwhile 36 health controls’was also acquired.Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)was separated by density gradient centrifuga-tion,CD26+CD4+T and CD26-CD4+T cell groups were classified by Flow Cytometry,the expression level of cytokines was tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The correlation between DPP4 activity,CD26+CD4+T (%)and APACHE II score,IL-17,TNF-α,IL-4,IFN-γwas measured by Pearson coefficient.Results CD26+CD4+T(%)between experimental and control groups was 13.35±3.83 vs 8.39±2.14 (t=6.78,P<0.000 1).DPP4 activity was 50.89±17.21 mU/ml vs 73.83±20.24 mU/ml (t=5.18,P<0.000 1),with statistically significant differences.In ex-perimental groups,CD26+CD4+T (%)was positively related with APACHE II score,IL-17,TNF-α(r=0.431,0.564, 0.688,P=0.003 8,0.001,0.004 6).DPP4 activity was negatively interrelated with APACHE II score,IL-17,TNF-α,IFN-γ(r=-0.544,-0.489,-0.678,-0.734;P<0.001).Conclusion CD26/DPP4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of Crytococcal Meningitis through regulation of Th subgroups,and it was the potential therapeutic target and the predicted marker of the disease.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) associated intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods The clinical manifestations,treatment and prognosis of CAA associated intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed in 4 patients who were identified as CAA-related hemorrhage (CAAH) by pathology.Results All of the 4 patients showed massive lobar intracranial hemorrhage,and underwent craniotomy evacuation of hematoma.One patient had postoperative hemorrhage,and 2 patients were treated with recombinant activated factor Ⅶ after operation.In the next 6 months,re-hemorrhage was found in 3 patients in whom one patient died due to massive hemorrhage.Conclusions CAAH has varied clinical manifestations with high risk of cerebral hemorrhage,and pathological diagnosis is necessary for a definite diagnosis.The very elderly patients with CAAH can benefit from the craniotomy evacuation of hematoma.Although surgery for massive hemorrhage has risks in very elderly patients,it is a better treatment to save their lives.

Objective To investigate the impact of a single sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine on postoperative emotional reactions of anxiety and depression during colorectal tumors surgery. Methods A total of 42 patients undergoing selective colorectal surgery,aged 18 to 65 years,were randomly divided into ketamine group (group K)and control group (group C).After induction of an-esthesia,a single intravenous injection of 0.3 mg/kg ketamine and saline were used in Group K and group C 5 minutes before the operation respectively.The intravenous analgesia program was identical between the two groups.The patients??emotional reactions (anxiety,depression)were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD),the quality of recovery was assessed using the QoR-40 questionnaire on the day before operation and within postoperative 48 hours respectively.Pain was estimated by the visual analog scale (VAS)and sedation was assessed with Ramsay score 30 mi-nutes after extubation.The time of anesthetic end and extubation were recorded.The complications during anesthesia and recovery such as cough, agitation 30 minutes extubation were recorded. Results The HAD-A and HAD-D scores of group K were lower than group C (P <0.05)48 h post-operatively.There was no difference on the QoR-40 score postoperative 48 h between the two groups. The patients??emotional state QoR-40 score of group K were higher than group C (P <0.05 ).The VAS scores 30 minutes after extubation of group K were lower than group C (P <0.05).There was no significant difference on sedation score 30 minutes postoperatively between the two groups.There was no significant difference in extubation time,cough,agitation and delirium between the two groups.There was no dizziness, nausea, vomiting or diplopia 30 minutes after extubation. Conclusion A single subanesthetic dose of ketamine can significantly reduce the scores of postopera-tive anxiety and depression,improve the quality of recovery,and no postoperative adverse reactions increased.

Objective To comparative analysis the rabbit VX2 tumors angiogenesis in fatty liver and normal liver,and investigate the correlation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters and their angiogenesis.Methods Rabbit models of fatty liver and normal liver with implanted VX2 tumors were established.Two groups of hepatic backgrounds and VX2 tumors were analyzed by QontraXt quantitative software of CEUS.The expression level of tumor microvascular density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected with immunohistochemical techniques and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR).Results ①No significant difference was found in MVD,VEGF protein and gene expression between VX2 tumors in normal liver and fatty liver.The expression of VEGF gene in fatty liver parenchyma were lower than normal liver parenchyma (P ＜0.05).②There was positive correlation between MVD and peak intensity (r =0.494,P ＜0.05; r =0.591,P ＜0.01) both in fatty liver and normal liver VX2 tumors.The expression of VEGF protein were not correlated with TIC parameters (all P ＞ 0.05).③The MVD had positive correlation with expression of VEGF protein in fatty liver and normal liver VX2 tumors (r =0.508,P ＜0.05; r =0.570,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The expression of MVD and VEGF had no significant difference between fatty liver and normal liver VX2 tumors.The peak intensity of VX2 tumors CEUS had positive correlation with MVD both in fatty liver and normal liver,which can indirectly reflect MVD expression level and help to evaluate tumor angiogenesis.