Objective To acquaint the condition of learning burnout of medical students and to explore the relationship of learning burnout with professional commitment and social support. Methods 610 medical students were evaluated with Learning Burnout Scale, professional commitment scale and social support scale. Results ①In general, learning burnout index of medical students was 2.84±0.49; in terms of gender difference, male students [(2.83±0.65) and (3.08±0.61)] were higher than females[(2.70±0.63) and (2.96±0.60)] at the level of emotional turndown and behavioral unsuitableness, the difference was statistically significant( P <0.05); in terms of grades, medical students'learning burnout of different grades was significant( F =4.244,P <0.01); there was no difference in profession. ②Learning burnout was significantly negative correlation with professional commitment and social support( P <0.01). ③Multiple regression analysis showed that affective commitment and family support had significant predications on learning burnout of medical students( P <0.01). Conclusion Medical students'learning burnout level is comparatively high, learning burnout closely relates to professional commitment and social support.

Objective:To study the characteristic of mandibular kinesiography(MKG) of the patients wearing linear occlusal denture or anatomic occlusal denture, and its relation with masticatory function. Methods:The characteristic tracks, range and speed of mastication movement of two groups of patients, 33 wearing linear occlusal dentures and 30 wearing anatomic occlusal dentures, were recorded by MKG and statistically compared.Results:Differences of mandibular movement track in linear occlusal denture group from that of the anatomic occlusion group were found as following:①There was no occlusal contact slide on the frontal plane track. The track of protrusion movement on sagittal plane was a straight line.②The maximum speed of closing of linear occlusal dentures was apparently slower than that of anatomic occlusal dentures (P

70% . The patients were mechanically ventilated. VT was set at 10 ml? kg-1 and respiratory rate at 12 bpm. End-tidal PCO2 was maintained at 30-35 mm Hg. End-tidal PCO2, SpO2, ECG and BP were continuously monitored. The respiratory function and mechanics were measured using respiratory monitor CP-100 (BICORE) before and after pneumoperitoneum (intra-abdominal pressure reached 15 mm Hg) and 5,10,15,20,25,30,35 min after vecuronium. The respiratory parameters measured included inspiratory and expiratory VT ( VTi, VTe) , minute ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), peak inspiratory and expiratory flow rate (PIFR,PEFR), PEEP, auto-PEEP, pressure-time product (PTP), inspiratory-time ratio (TI/TTOT ), rate/VT ratio, average airway pressure (PAWM), esophageal pressure (PES), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), dynamic compliance (CDyn), airway resistance (RAw ) and work of breathing. Results There was no significant difference in the effect of different doses of vecuronium on respiratory function and mechanics including all parameters measured at all time points among the three groups. Mean airway pressure, esophageal pressure peak inspiratory pressure, airway resistance and work of breathing increased significantly but dynamic compliance decreased significantly after CO2 penumoperitoneum. Conclusion Intra-abdominal CO2 insufflation significantly attect respiratory mecnanics. me effect of pneumoperitoneum on respiratory mechanics can not be prevented or attenuated by increasing the dose of muscle relaxant.

In the modern biotechnology era,the important disease genetic resources become the most dependent factor.We expound the actuality of the collection,storage and use of the important disease genetic resources in China,and discuss the problems and challenges we meet.So the chief mission we should do is establishing the database and collecting,storing and using these valuable resources under standard procedure with aim,plan and organization.

With the rapid development of genome sequencing technologies, a large amount of prokaryote genomes have been sequenced in recent years. To further investigate the models and functions of genomes, the algorithms for genome annotations based on the sequence and homology features have been widely implemented to newly sequenced genomes. However, gene annotations only using the genomic information are prone to errors, such as the incorrect N-terminals and pseudogenes. It is even harder to provide reasonable annotating results in the case of the poor genome sequencing results. The transcriptomics based on the technologies such as microarray and RNA-seq and the proteomics based on the MS/MS have been used widely to identify the gene products with high throughput and high sensitivity, providing the powerful tools for the verification and correction of annotated genome. Compared with transcriptomics, proteomics can generate the protein list for the expressed genes in the samples or cells without any confusion of the non-coding RNA, leading the proteogenomics an important basis for the genome annotations in prokaryotes. In this paper, we first described the traditional genome annotation algorithms and pointed out the shortcomings. Then we summarized the advantages of proteomics in the genome annotations and reviewed the progress of proteogenomics in prokaryotes. Finally we discussed the challenges and strategies in the data analyses and potential solutions for the developments of proteogenomics.
Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Prokaryotic Cells ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Competition in the medical market in future will be the competition of core competence. Confronted with the increasing integration of the domestic and foreign medical markets, hospitals in our country will have no other strategic alternative but to devote major efforts to enhancing their core competence. After defining the concept of core competence of hospitals, the authors make an analysis of the features and elements of core competence of hospitals and put forward measures for enhancing the core competence of hospitals.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Carcinoma ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Cetuximab ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Methotrexate ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Trastuzumab

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in the localization of ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH)-secreting tumors. Methods Seven patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome (confirmed by clinical symptom, biochemical data or bilateral simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling) were included, 4 males and 3 females with age ranged 27-63 years old.All patients were examined with head MR, chest and abdomen CT, abdomen ultrasonography, and whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT. Location, size, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the tumor were measured. Results 18 F-FDG PET/CT detected three ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors with the sizes 1. 1 cm×1.0 cm (SUVmax =9.4), 1.5 cm×1.1cm (SUVmax =6.4), and 1.6 cm ×1.5 cm (SUVmax =12.0). The pathological findings of the three tumors were thymoma, lung carcinoid, and mediastinal carcinoid respectively. Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT may help the localization of ecto pic ACTH-secreting tumors .

Autophagy ; Liver Cirrhosis ; physiopathology

To explore the distribution of the bitter principle ganoderic acid B in different parts of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst.. Methods　Ganoderic acid B in epidermis, phellem, stipe, spore and pileus were determined by RP-HPLC. Results　Ganoderic acid B was found to be mainly concentrated in the entire surface of the basidiocarp, other parts contained much less amount. Conclusion　Result of the study may provide references for the search of such active principle from this fungus.