70% . The patients were mechanically ventilated. VT was set at 10 ml? kg-1 and respiratory rate at 12 bpm. End-tidal PCO2 was maintained at 30-35 mm Hg. End-tidal PCO2, SpO2, ECG and BP were continuously monitored. The respiratory function and mechanics were measured using respiratory monitor CP-100 (BICORE) before and after pneumoperitoneum (intra-abdominal pressure reached 15 mm Hg) and 5,10,15,20,25,30,35 min after vecuronium. The respiratory parameters measured included inspiratory and expiratory VT ( VTi, VTe) , minute ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), peak inspiratory and expiratory flow rate (PIFR,PEFR), PEEP, auto-PEEP, pressure-time product (PTP), inspiratory-time ratio (TI/TTOT ), rate/VT ratio, average airway pressure (PAWM), esophageal pressure (PES), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), dynamic compliance (CDyn), airway resistance (RAw ) and work of breathing. Results There was no significant difference in the effect of different doses of vecuronium on respiratory function and mechanics including all parameters measured at all time points among the three groups. Mean airway pressure, esophageal pressure peak inspiratory pressure, airway resistance and work of breathing increased significantly but dynamic compliance decreased significantly after CO2 penumoperitoneum. Conclusion Intra-abdominal CO2 insufflation significantly attect respiratory mecnanics. me effect of pneumoperitoneum on respiratory mechanics can not be prevented or attenuated by increasing the dose of muscle relaxant.

Objective To determine the effects of enflurane and isoflurane on the spontaneous neural discharge of central amygdaloid nucleus in rats Methods SD rats (30 60 d) of either sex were decapitated Brain was immediately removed and kept in 4℃ artificial cerebral spinal fluid(ACSF) which was balanced with 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 gas mixture Braine tissue containing central amyfdaloid nucleus was cut into slices of 300 400?m thick which were immersed in ACSF Enflurane and isoflurane were administered by balancing ACSF with enflurane (1 5%,3 0%,4 5%) or isoflurane (1 1%,2 2%,3 3%) The spontaneous neural discharge of central amygdaloid nucleus was measured before and after enflurane or isoflurane using whole cell patch clamp techniques Results Enflurane and isoflurane inhibited the frequencies of spontaneous neural discharge of central amygdaloid nucleus in a dose dependent manner The spontaneous neural discharge inhibited by enflurane (3 0%) and isoflurane (2 2%) could recover after the slices being washed with normal ACSF for 5 min Conclusions The results indicate that the spontaneous neural discharge of central amygdaloid nucleus can be inhibited reversibly by enflurane and isoflurane Central amygdaloid nucleus may by one of the sites of action of enflurane and isoflurane in central nervous system

AIM: To explore the effects of levcromakalim(Lev) on pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) and smooth muscle cells (PASMC) exposed to hypoxia and the mechanisms involved. METHODS: The effects of Lev on i, and expression of PKC ?, eNOS, iNOS and PDGF-B mRNA and protein levels were observed. The nitrite (NO- 2) and entothelin-1(ET-1) concentrations in supernatant in cultured PAEC and PASMC were measured. The proliferation and apoptosis of PASMC was also detected. RESULTS: When PASMC were exposed to hypoxia, Lev reduced concentration of ET-1 in cultured cell supernatant, lowed the expression of PKC ?, iNOS and PDGF-B both at mRNA and protein levels, decreased i concentration, increased proliferation and promoted the apoptosis in PASMC. However, in the presence of Lev, the i concentration was not changed in the hypoxic PAEC. The NO- 2 concentration in cultured cell supernant and expression of eNOS at mRNA and protein levels in hypoxic PASMC and PAEC were also unchanged. The downregulated ET-1 activity in PASMC and PAEC and proliferation in PASMC involved in the inhibition of PKC ? signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Lev reduce some disadvatage effect of hypoxia on PASMC and PAEC. The mechanism of Lev action may partly involve in the downregulation of PKC ? signaling functions.

AlM:To evaluate the early diagnosis of sub-clinic stage of diabetic retinopathy.
METHODS: This was cross sectional study, multifocal retina electroretinogram ( mf-ERG ) , contrast sensitivity ( CS) and central retinal artery color Doppler examination were recorded from 30 cases ( 30 eyes ) matched control subjects, 35 cases (35 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without diabetic retinopathy ( NDR) and 38 cases ( 38 eyes ) with non-prolifera tive diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR) . One-way ANOVA and SNK-q test were used for data analysis.
RESULTS: P1 response density of NDR patients were found decrease, N1 implicit time were delayed. Which were related with the degree of retinopathy (P<0. 05);CS of NDR patients were found significant in middle and high frequency ( P < 0. 05 ), NPDR patients were found significant in full frequency ( P<0. 05 ); Central retinal artery (CRA) blood flow in the control groups and NDR groups were not found statistically significant (P>0. 05), The differences between normal group, NDR group and NPDR group were found statistically significant (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSlON: mf-ERG and CS are sensitive indexes for early evaluation of visual function in patients with diabetes mellitus, with development of the disease, CRA blood flow also appears to decline.

AIM: To investigate the clinic efficacy and operation safety of improved small incision extracapsular cataract extraction in the sight-regaining program.
METHODS: Totally 82 cases ( 82 eyes ) included in the sight-regaining program of the cataract patients were underwent small incision extracapsular cataract extraction conbined with improved technology ( anterior capsule staining, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, auxiliary incision ) , postoperative visual recovery and operative complications were observed.
RESULTS: Postoperative visual acuity: uncorrected visual acuity when out of hospital: ≥0. 3 were 67 cases (82%);1wk after dismissed from hospital:≥0. 3 were 76 cases (93%), admist which ≥0. 8 were 45 cases (55%). There is no serious complication such as posterior capsule rupture, zonular dialysis, etc. in the operation.CONCLUSION: Combined use of improved technology can increase operation safety of small incision extracapsular cataract extraction.

Objective To study the relationship between tacrolimus blood level/dose and the genotype of CYP3A5 at 6th month after lung transplantation.Method Forty-six cases of lung transplant recipients who received the surgery between January 1st,2011 and January 1st,2013 served as the research subjects,and the genotypes of these patients were measured.These patients were divided into 3 groups (CYP 3A5 * 1 * 1,CYP 3A5 * 1 * 3,CYP 3A5 * 3 * 3) according to their different genotypes.The dose of tacrolimus and daily intake were detected at 6th month after surgery in each group,then the level/dose of tacrolimus was calculated.Result In all 46 recipients,5 of them were CYP 3A5 * 1 * 1 homozygous genotype,20 CYP 3A5 * 1 * 3 heterozygous genotype and 21 CYP 3A5 * 3 * 3 homozygous genotype.Under the condition of holding tacrolimus blood level between therapeutic range,there was significant difference in the dose of tacrolimus between the CYP3A5 * 1/ * 1 and * 1/* 3 versus * 3/* 3 genotypes (P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference between CYP3A5 * 1/* 1 genotype and * 1/* 3 genotype.Conclusion Tacrolimus dosing in lung transplant patients is associated with CYP 3A5 gene polymorphisms.

Objective To compare the body fluid count results detected by Sysmex XE-5000 automatic blood cell analyzer and manual method .Methods A total of 300 cases of body fluid specimens (including cerebrospinal fluid and fluid of serous cavity ) were analyzed .RBC ,WBC counting and classification were respectively detected by XE-5000 and manual method of improvement Neubauer counting plate .Results The fresh specimens without contain a large number of cell clusters ,which RBC counts(RBC-BF)(100-10 000)× 106/L ,and WBC counts(WBC-BF) (9-50)× 106/L ,showed there were a linear relationship between the in-strument method(r=0 .998 5 ,0 .986 3) .In the range ,there was no significant difference between XE-5000 and manual method(t=9 .96 ,P>0 .05) .Also in this range the results of instrument correlated with those of manual method(r= 0 .989 3 ,0 .971 7 , 0 .924 9) .For those specimens which contain a large number of cell clusters ,RBC-BF and WBC-BF were a badly linear relationship between the instrument method(r=0 .564 8 ,0 .456 1) .Conclusion Body fluid specimens which are fresh and do not contain a large number of cell clusters ,in the range of RBC-BF (100 -10 000) × 106/L ,WBC-BF (9 -50) × 106/L ,Sysmex XE-5000 automatic blood cell analyzer could ensure the results have good accuracy .

In recent years, the problems about the protection of intellectual property rights on the traditional medicine has got attentions around the world. Among them, Thailand explored a set of national legislations to protect the intellectual property right about the traditional medicine knowledge, which is very instructive to the developing countries. On the basis of summing up the Thailand traditional medicine intellectual property protection policy, the thesis proposed ideas on the protection of the traditional medicine in China.

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging features of cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy(CARASIL).Methods Clinical data of a Chinese Mongolian patient with CARASIL were analyzed retrospectively and pedigree investigation was carried out in the family.Results The proband's parents were cousin and her brother was a patient with CARASIL too.The patients had onset at 25 and 23 years old,respectively.Clinical manifestations included cerebral stroke,progressive motor and mental deterioration,seizures,alopecia,and ocular fundus arteriosclerosis.No common risk factors of cerebral stroke were found in the family.Brain MRI showed bilateral diffuse cerebral white matter lesion with multiple infarcts and O'Sullivan sign.Cervical vertebral MRI showed multiple protrusion of intervertebral disc and significant retrogression.Conclusions CARASIL is clinically characterized by young-age-onset cerebral stroke,cerebral arteriosclerosis,alopecia,cervical and lumbar spondylopathy.MRI shows multiple cerebral infarcts,leukoencephalopathy and retrogression of intervertebral disc.

AIM: To elucidate whether the mechanism that L-arginine can relieve hypoxia pulmonary hypertension involves inhibition of the activity of protein kinase C(PKC). METHODS: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomly divided into NS control, hypoxia and L-arginine(500 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 , ip) treatment groups. After two-weeks treatment, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), mean systematic artery pressure (mSAP) and the ratio of the weight of right ventricle to that of left ventricle plus septum were measured, then two pulmonary arterial rings were isolated to be exposed to PDBu(a specific activator of PKC ) and observed: (1) The maximal response (P 1) to 500 nmol/L PDBu, the time required to achieve a half-maximal response to 500 nmol/L PDBu (t 1/2 ), the time during which the maximal response to 500 nmol/L PDBu maintained (T) and the isometric responses at different times (2, 4, 8, 12, 20, 40, 60, 80 min). The isometric response was represented as the percentage of the maximal response (P 0) of the same arterial ring to 5?mol/L phenylephrine hydrochloride (P 0%). (2) Dose-response curve in response to PDBu (10-11 000 nmol/L) and the dose producing a half-maximal response in the curve (EC 50 ). RESULTS: mPAP, RV/(LV+S), P 1, T and the isometric responses at 2, 4, 8, 20 min of NS control and L-arginine treatment groups were lower than those of hypoxic group respectively (P