Cohort studies are important observational epidemiological studies. In this perspective, we briefly introduced several ongoing prospective cohort studies of cardiometabolic diseases in China and in the U. S. , which have shaped our current understanding of cardiometabolic diseases. We hope that this perspective could shed lights on the research of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Child ; Humans ; Male ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative ; pathology

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Porokeratosis ; genetics ; Rectal Neoplasms ; genetics

Physiological and biochemical characteristics,drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria isolated from the diseased Sparus latus in Zhanjiang,Guangdong,and inactivated whole cell vaccine were studied.The results show that the isolated strain is Vibrio alginolyticus and is highly sensitive to tetracycline,gentamycin,chloramphenicol,and so on.But it is not sensitive to erythromycin and penicillin K.It also shows that the pathogen is inactivated more easily at pH6.0 than at pH8.4 when formalin is used.The whole cell vaccine can strengthen Sparus latus's immuno function and lessen their death rate when fish are infected by the Vibrio alginolyticus.

BACKGROUND:Pediatric knee dysfunction is a congenital malformation. Fusion and fixation can effectively eliminate pain, but no joint has active function. Total knee arthroplasty is a safe and effective method to relieve pain and to rebuild its function. With the continuous development of total knee arthroplasty, the type of knee prostheses is more. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of different reconstruction methods for children with stunted knee arthroplasty. METHODS:120 knee stunted children were equaly divided into treatment group and control group depended on the reconstruction, and then al children were given the artificial knee replacement surgery and were completed by the same group of physicians. In the control group, stable fixed platform prosthesis was selected. In the treatment group, the non-limiting prosthetic-posterior cruciate ligament resection of low contact pressure rotating platform prosthesis was given. Operative time, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and complications were observed in both groups. Al patients were folowed up for 3 months. Knee function was assessed by Hospital for Special Surgery and American knee society knee score. Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the possible factors affecting Hospital for Special Surgery score during folow up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No significant difference in operative time, blood loss and postoperative hospital stay was compared in both groups (P> 0.05). The postoperative overal incidences of inflammatory response, wound healing, periprosthetic infection, and joint stiff were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). At 3-month folowed-up, Hospital for Special Surgery and American knee society knee score clinical score and functional score were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Hospital for Special Surgery score > 80 served as a standard. Multivariate regression analysis results showed that age, type of prosthesis, and varus deformity were the major independent risk factors for affecting joint replacement (P< 0.05). Results indicate that knee arthroplasty for knee dysfunction obtained good prognostic effect. Simultaneously, the non-limiting application of prosthetic reconstruction can effectively reduce postoperative complications and improve knee function.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of 17 kinds of free amino acid in serum by the ultra perform-ance liquid chromatography(UPLC) with AQC pre-column derivatization .Methods After proteins precipitation in serum sample by acetonitrile ,free amino acids with aminoquinoline-N-butyl hydroxy diimide and carbamate(AQC) were reacted to generate the struc-tural stable derivative products with ultraviolet absorption .These products were separated by reversed-phase C18 column ,detected with UV detector and quantitated by the external standard .Results The within-run precision of 17 kinds of free amino acid was 2 . 81% -7 .35% and the between-run precision was 7 .44% -15 .40% .The linear relationship was good in the range of 2 .5-250μmol/L ,the linear correlation coefficient was 0 .9960 -1 .0000 ,RSD<3% .Conclusion Using this method for determining 17 kinds of amino acid in serum ,the complete separation is obtained within 10 min ,the results are accurate ,stable and highly efficient .

To a certain extent, itemized government subsidies to public hospitals, primarily used for hospital infra-structure and large equipment investments, can alleviate the financial pressure of development expenditures and thus re-duce the medical expenditure burden on patients. To test the hypothesis, the panel data method has been adopted based on the data of 23 tertiary hospitals. Empirical results find that:(1) increases in itemized subsidies will reduce the burden of medical expenses on patients;(2) conversely, the impact of itemized subsidies on outpatient medical expenses is more sig-nificant. By sharing a portion of public hospital expenses and impacting hospital service providing behavior, itemized sub-sidies help to reduce the burden of medical expenses on patients.

Retrovirus (RV), a major pathogen in acute gastroenteritis in children that may lead to severe disease and heavy burdens on national economy. There is no speciifc drug treatment for the gastroenteritis caused by RV, and vaccine has been identiifed as the most effective intervention to control the associated disease burden. The RV vaccine showed differential effects on different RV infection. In China, epidemiology of RV is more complex hence demands more epidemiologic studies. In this article, we will review the epidemiology of RV in China and further discuss the importance of generalized RV vaccine.

The paper firstly introduces the research status of autism and analyzes the gap between China and the US in autism net-work service, proposes using the mainstream socialized Q&A community data in foreign countries to construct an autism Q&A knowledge base.It introduces data collection, management, service process and key issues of the knowledge base and gives application examples of the knowledge services.Construction of this knowledge base can provide targeted and valuable knowledge services to users and can help enhance the retrieval efficiency.

Objective To investigate the significance of the soluble Apo-1/Fas(sApo-1/Fas) in differentiating tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion.Methods The level of sApo-1/Fas was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).in serum and pleural effusion of 50 cases with malignant pleural effusion and 48 cases with tuberculous pleural effusion.Results The level of sApo-1/Fas in the serum and pleural effusion of malignant pleural effusion patients were ( 16.3 ± 2.5 ) μg/L and ( 38.6 ± 13.5) μg/L,significantly higher than those of tuberculous patients with pleural effusion( all P ＜ 0.05 ).The difference of rates of serum and pleural effusion in malignant pleural effusion and tuberculous pleural effusion patients was significant( P ＜ 0.05 ).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of sApo-1/Fas in serum and malignant pleural effusion were 66.0％ and 93.8％ and 79.6％.Conclusion The detecting of sApo-1/Fas may play some role in differentiating tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion.