Cohort studies are important observational epidemiological studies. In this perspective, we briefly introduced several ongoing prospective cohort studies of cardiometabolic diseases in China and in the U. S. , which have shaped our current understanding of cardiometabolic diseases. We hope that this perspective could shed lights on the research of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Child ; Humans ; Male ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative ; pathology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; therapy ; Volatilization

Crush Syndrome ; therapy ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo compare five materials commonly used in dentistry, including three types of metals and two types of ceramics, by using different sequences of three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) field strengths (0.35, 1.5, and 3.0 T).

METHODSThree types of metals and two types of ceramics that were fabricated into the same size and thickness as an incisor crown were placed in a plastic tank filled with saline. The crowns were scanned using an magnetic resonance (MR) machine at 0.35, 1.5, and 3.0 T field strengths. The TlWI and T2WI images were obtained. The differences of various materials in different artifacts of field MR scans were determined.

RESULTSThe zirconia crown presented no significant artifacts when scanned under the three types of MRI field strengths. The artifacts of casting ceramic were minimal. All dental precious metal alloys, nickel-chromium alloy dental porcelain, and cobalt-chromium ceramic alloy showed varying degrees of artifacts under the three MRI field strengths.

CONCLUSIONZirconia and casting ceramics present almost no or faint artifacts. By contrast, precious metal alloys, nickel-chromium alloy dental porcelain and cobalt-chromium ceramic alloy display MRI artifacts. The artifact area increase with increasing magnetic field.

Artifacts ; Ceramics ; Chromium Alloys ; Crowns ; Dental Alloys ; Dental Materials ; Dental Porcelain ; Magnetic Fields ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Zirconium

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Porokeratosis ; genetics ; Rectal Neoplasms ; genetics

High myopia is frequently associated with retinal degenerative changes (such as myopic foveoschisis, macular hole and its related retinal detachment, and choroidal neovascularization) which are the major causes of visual loss in high myopic eyes. Optical coherence tomography may help us to understand the macular lesions in high myopia. Peeling of internal limiting membrane and removal of posterior vitreous cortex at an appropriate time, are believed to facilitate restoring the retinal flexibility and resolution of myopic foveoschisis, and promote the macular hole closure and retinal reattachment. Anti-angiogenesis treatment combined with photodynamic therapy and (or) corticosteroid therapy are the future options to treat myopic choroidal neovascularization. Correctly understanding and mastering the methods and timing of diagnosis and treatment of high myopia-related macular degeneration, and taking targeted interventions to enable patients to be rational and effective treated, are the keys to further reduce the damage of visual function in patients with high myopia.

Objective To evaluate the effect of combination of phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy on patients with cataract and glaucoma.Methods 19 patients(23 eyes)with co-existing glaucoma and cataract were treated with triple procedure by means of scleral tunnel flap.The mean follow-up period was(15.8 ±3.5)months.Results Compared with preoperative visual acuity,16(64%)of 25 eyes had a best corrected visual acuity of ≥0.6 at the last follow-up(0.1～1.0)(P＜0.01);The mean preoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)was(23.01 ±2.63)mmHg which decreased to(14.02 ±2.05)mmHg(P＜0.05 ,P ＜0.01)after treatment.Conclusion The triple procedure is effective for treating patients with co-existing cataract and glaucoma,which could enhance the visual acuity,control IOP and reduce complications.

Objective To investigate the significance of the soluble Apo-1/Fas(sApo-1/Fas) in differentiating tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion.Methods The level of sApo-1/Fas was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).in serum and pleural effusion of 50 cases with malignant pleural effusion and 48 cases with tuberculous pleural effusion.Results The level of sApo-1/Fas in the serum and pleural effusion of malignant pleural effusion patients were ( 16.3 ± 2.5 ) μg/L and ( 38.6 ± 13.5) μg/L,significantly higher than those of tuberculous patients with pleural effusion( all P ＜ 0.05 ).The difference of rates of serum and pleural effusion in malignant pleural effusion and tuberculous pleural effusion patients was significant( P ＜ 0.05 ).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of sApo-1/Fas in serum and malignant pleural effusion were 66.0％ and 93.8％ and 79.6％.Conclusion The detecting of sApo-1/Fas may play some role in differentiating tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of 17 kinds of free amino acid in serum by the ultra perform-ance liquid chromatography(UPLC) with AQC pre-column derivatization .Methods After proteins precipitation in serum sample by acetonitrile ,free amino acids with aminoquinoline-N-butyl hydroxy diimide and carbamate(AQC) were reacted to generate the struc-tural stable derivative products with ultraviolet absorption .These products were separated by reversed-phase C18 column ,detected with UV detector and quantitated by the external standard .Results The within-run precision of 17 kinds of free amino acid was 2 . 81% -7 .35% and the between-run precision was 7 .44% -15 .40% .The linear relationship was good in the range of 2 .5-250μmol/L ,the linear correlation coefficient was 0 .9960 -1 .0000 ,RSD<3% .Conclusion Using this method for determining 17 kinds of amino acid in serum ,the complete separation is obtained within 10 min ,the results are accurate ,stable and highly efficient .