OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of in situ intestinal absorption of mangiferin in rats.METHODS: The in situ intestinal perfusion model was employed.HPLC/UV was developed to determine the concentration of mangiferin in intestinal circulated fluid.The effects of mangiferin concentration,bile and absorption site on the absorption parameters were studied.RESULTS:The mangiferin at a concentration from 5.0 to 25.0 ?g?mL-1 had no influence on the intestinal absorption kinetics(Ka) but it did at a concentration below 12.5 ?g?mL-1 in biliary duct-ligated rats.The absorption rate constants(Ka) in descending order were 0.164 h-1(ileum),0.132 h-1(jejunum),0.125 h-1(colon) and 0.107 h-1(duodenum),respectively.CONCLUSION: The absorption of mangiferin is in line with first-order kinetics with passive diffusion absorption mechanism.Mangiferin is well absorbed at all segments of intestine in rats,and bile is conducive to the increase of the permeability coefficient of Mangiferin in intestine.

Objective To explore the effect of montelukast combined with budesonide for treating acute bronchial asthma, pulmonary function improvement and to provide the basis for clinical treatment.Methods 192 patients with acute asthma were selected.They were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the admission order and odd and even numbers randomly, 96 patients in each group.The control group was treated with budesonide based on routine treatment, and the observation group was given budesonide formoterol based on the control group.The clinical effect, pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1),FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) the percentage of predicted value index percentage were observed.The daytime and night asthma symptoms and airway reactivity score: early respiratory resistance (Rrsc) and response threshold (Dmin) were assessed.Results The cough disappeared, shortness of breath, wheezing relieving, moist rales disappeared and wheeze disappeared time of the observation group after treatment were (5.92±1.03)d,(3.48±0.71)d,(3.74±0.69)d,(5.32±0.96)d and (5.12±0.77)d, which were lower than those of the control group (t=9.31,7.26,8.11,9.02,8.31,all P<0.05).The daytime and nighttime asthma symptom scores of the observation group after treatment were (0.54±0.31)points and (0.62±0.29)points, which were lower than those of the control group (t=7.90,7.33,all P<0.05).Rrsc score of the observation group after treatment was (2.20±0.56)points, which was lower than that of the control group (t=7.86,P<0.05).The Dmin score of the observation group after treatment was (8.33±0.81)points, which was higher than that of the control group (t=9.15,P<0.05).FEV1,FEV1/FVC and PEF of the two groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment(all P<0.05).FEV1,FEV1/FVC and PEF of the observation group after treatment were (2.95±0.58)L,(71.91±0.69) and (96.45±6.11), which were higher than those of the control group after treatment (t=7.60,9.45,10.21,all P<0.05).Conclusion Montelukast combined with budesonide formoterol in the treatment of acute attack of bronchial asthma has better effect, could significantly reduce the symptoms of asthma patients and shorten the treatment time with synergistic effect, and improve the pulmonary ventilation function of the patients.

Objective To evaluate the current knowledge and practice of evidence-based nursing for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and its influencing factors in ICU nurses. Methods Selfadministered structured questionnaire was used in 101 ICU nurses working in one grade three A hospital of Jiangsu province by convenient sampling method. The results underwent statistical description and variance analysis. Results The mean score of knowledge about evidence-based nursing to prevent VAP was (4.75±1.42) (total score=10),the mean score of practice was (3.32±0.32) (total score=4). The influencing factors of knowledge in ICU nurses were different divisions and ICU working years. Different ICU working years resulted in different behavior of nurses. Most nurses considered that nursing work was too busy due to serious condition of patients, which was the principal interfering factor in practice of evidence-based nursing for preventing VAP. Conclusions Further expertise of ventilator-associated pneumonia training and evidence-based nursing education are urgently required. The best-practice guidelines for preventing VAP are more often consummated. Whilst encouraging the reasonable personnel disposition and the essential facilities are priority. Effective fulfillmere in evidence-based practice to prevent VAP may be achieved by broader adjustment of the medical system and the medical cost structure, so that evidence-based nursing for preventing VAP can be put into effect.

Objective To evaluate the secular trend of lung cancer mortality rate during 1981 to 2005 in Kunshan City. Methods The population-based registration data collected during the period of 1981—2005 were used to calculate the crude rate (CR), world age-standardized rate (WASR), five-year age-specific rate, truncated rate of those aged 35~64, cumulative rates of those aged 0~74, percent change (PC), and annual percent change (APC). The mortality rates by age, period/age, and cohort / age were analyzed and compared. Results The CR was 27. 88 per 100 000 on average, and was 43.19 per 100 000 for males and 12.56 per 100 000 for females, with a sex ratio of 3. 43: 1. The WASR was 22.52 per 100 000 on average, and 37.28 per 100 000 for males and 9.67 per 100 000 for the females. The truncated rate and cumulative rate of those aged 0~74 were 31.54 per 100 000 and 0.10% respectively. The PC and the APC were 144.56% and 4.08% for the crude mortality rate, and 23.57% and 1.01% for the age-standardized rate. Birth cohort and period data analysis showed rising of lung cancer of age-specific rate. Conclusion The mortality data demonstrated a rising trend in general in the period of 1981—2005 in Kunshan.

?Objective:To study the toxicity of 250 g/L potassium oxalate solution.Methods:Acute toxicity test and acute skin stimulation test were carried out on Kunmin mice and rabbits.Results:Potassium oxalate solution at 250 g/L did not result in death of the mice even it had been administered at the dose of 10 000 mg/kg by stomach filling.The LD 50 was more than 5 475 mg/kg.The solution did not cause skin reaction in rabbits after application.Conclusion:250 g/L potassium oxalate solution is not toxic and not stimulative as a local applied drug.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is an acute critical illness with the high occurrence in the world. The directions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) development are to improve CA patients' survival rate and to decrease the poor prognosis. β-blockers can selectively block the neurotransmitter or receptor agonists. They offer beneficial pharmacological properties and have been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Based on the search result of the domestic and foreign medical databases, the usage of β-blockers including clinical research, animal experiments and clinical work of CPR patients was summarized. Finally, the CPR research progress of β-blockers in recent years was reviewed in the article.

Objective:To establish the analysis method for the determination of Ni, Cu and Zn in aluminum food packaging mate-rials by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ( ICP-AES) . Methods: A small amount of EDTA was added to the test solution till the concentration at 0. 010 0 mol·L-1 and the pH value was adjusted to 5. 0. Strong acid cation exchange fibers were used for the assisted extraction of Al3+ with ultrasonic. Al3+ could not quickly form a complex anion with EDTA, so it was adsorbed by the strong acid cation exchange fibers. Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ could form complex anions with EDTA rapidly, so they could not be ad-sorbed by the strong acid cation exchange fibers and were left in the solution to be determined. Results:After the separation, the con-tents of Cu, Ni and Zn were not lost, and the content of residual aluminum was about 170 times of that of Cu, Ni and Zn, which had not interferece with the determination of Cu, Ni and Zn. The sample standard addition recovery was within the range of 98. 3%-104%with RSD of 0. 2%-2. 5%(n=5). The relative errors between the measured values and the certified values of standard substances were less than 5. 0%. Conclusion:The proposed method can be successfully applied in the separation and determination of Cu, Ni and Zn in aluminum cans, barbecue aluminum foil and standard substances.

Animal model plays an important role in prevention and control of infectious disease, which could link basic research in laboratory with clinical diagnosis and treatment for human patients.Mouse is the most widely used animal model of infectious disease, however, adult immunocompetent mice are resistant to some pathogens.The highly genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mice could recapitulate many of the genetic characteristics of an outbred population, such as humans.Based on this, this review will focus on the application and research progress of CC mice in infectious disease (including viruses, bacteria, fungi etc.), which could provide useful reference data for expansion of animal model resource bank, and implement of precision medicine of major and new emerging infectious diseases.We hope this review could serve as a modest spur to induce other researchers to come forward with their valuable contributions.

Six cases of T-cell lyrnphoma associated with reactive histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis (HHH) localized primarily to the skin and subcutaneous fat were described. Initial biopsy findings may he misinterpreted as benign panniculitis. Four of which were progressive, recurrent, even fatal (follow-up for 8-36 months). Histologically the lesions of all cases were composed of a mixture of small and medium sized atypical lymphoid cells and benign hemophagocytes infiltrated with neutrophils and eosinophils between fat cells. The mechanism and differential diagnosis of the disease were discussed.

With the development of society and medical science,the medical arena should develop with the times,transform medical ethics idea, construct new medical ethics view to unceasingly promote the medical ethics progress and the comprehensive,coordinated, and sustainable development of medical industry.This article discussed the principle,significance and several related problems of new medical ethics view in order to make direct instruction for the constnuction of new medical ethics view.