This paper introduces a statistics method for the segmentation evaluation for the head MRI. A new evaluation scheme proposed, the evaluation result is analyzed objectively by the statistic method. Genetic neural network algorithm proves with a stronger antinoise ability than other ones. The statistic method is helpful for evaluating the segmentation objectively.

Child ; Humans ; Male ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative ; pathology

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is more complex. For the upstream of traditional pathogenesis, to looking for unifying mechanism theory which proposed in foundation of common promoters and the latest view of DR may be the result of chronic inflammation. Both of them provide the basic and clinical theraby of DR with new direction. Therefore, there are many related issuess till needs to intensive study.

Objective To analyze the surgical management and prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma(HCC).MethodClinical data of 72 patients with HCC were retrospectively analyzed.Results There was a significant difference in the 3- and 5- year survival rates and median survivals among the groups treated with different surgical methods(x2 =28.1,P＜ 0.01 ).Univariate analyses conducted for the 16 factors which might affect prognosis showed the surgical method,lymphatic metastasis,positive margin,as well as the type of pathology and staging were of statistically significant prognostic value (P＜0.05).On a multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model,surgical management,lymphatic metastasis and the type of pathology and staging were independent prognostic factors (regression coefficient 1.4157,1.1072,1.6435).ConclusionRadical excision is an important prognostic factor for HCCa and extended resection improved the long-term survival rates of radical surgery.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the mainstay of preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer which is the most common type of endocrine malignancy.However,some aspirates yield indeterminate cytology and there is no clear recommendation for the management on these situations.The use of emerging molecular markers such as BRAF、RET、PAX8/PPARγ will likely improve the diagnosis of malignancy in thyroid nodules and facilitate more individualized therapeutic options and postoperative management.Some markers have been extensively characterized and introduced into clinical practice.

End-tidal carbon dioxide tension or concentration monitoring is characterized with noninvasive,convenient and fast reaction,which Can be continuously monitored and dynamically displayed On electrocardiogram monitor.The technique has been extensively applied in the operation room,intensive care unit and emergency room.

Pathological myopic macular retinoschisis can be classified into 4 types based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images: outer layer retinoschisis, outer + middle layer retinoschisis, outer + inner layer retinoschisis and muhilayer retinoschisis. Currently vitrectomy is the major option to treat this condition as it can remove the posterior vitreous cortex completely and peel the internal limiting membrane (ILM) around the posterior vessels arch. Vitrectomy benefits the visual function significantly for outer layer retinoschisis with foveal detachment, but has no or very little effects on muhilayer retinoschisis. The appropriate starting site for removal of posterior cortex and ILM should be the site without inner layer retinoschisis. The knowledge and understanding of the OCT classification of pathological myopic macular retinoschisis is important for us to chose correct operation methods and determine the prognosis after treatment.

Objective To evaluate the use of magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow band im-aging (NBI) system in diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Methods From March 2008 to December in 2008, a total of 56 patients with suspected gastric mucosal lesions were enrolled in the study. The lesions were ob-served with magnifying endoscopy combined with NBI and indigo-earmine-chromoendoscopy, and the results were compared with pathologic diagnosis from targeted biopsies. Results Out of 56 patients, 16 were diag-nosed as early gastric cancer pathologically. The accordance rate with the pathological diagnosis, sensibility, specificity, false positive rate and false negative rate of the magnifying endoscopy combined with NBI system were 94.6% (53/56), 93. 8% (15/16), 95.0% (38/40), 5.0% (2/40) and 6. 3% (1/16), respec-tively; while those of chromoendoscopy were 91.1% (51/56), 87. 5% (14/16), 92. 5% (37/40), 7. 5% (3/40) and 12. 5% (2/16), respectively (P >0.05). There was no difference between NBI and chro-moendoscopy in regarding of observing pit pattern, however, NBI was superior in displaying intrapapillary capillary loop. Conclusion Combination of magnifying endoscopy and NBI provides clear images of gas-tric mucosa and intrapapillary capillary, which is useful in diagnosis of early gastric cancer and can improve accuracy of biopsy. When combined with chromoendoscopy, it can further improve the yield of diagnosis.

This article reviewed literatures on the treatment of polypoid lesions of gallbladder(PLG) with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in recent years. The research showed that TCM has satisfied therapeutic effects on PLG, which can avoid unnecessary operation. But the systemic theoretic and experimental studies have been insufficient, and further studies are needed.

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in atherogenesis. In addition to being a potent predictive and prognostic marker for major cardiovascular events, recent evidence indicates that C-reactive protein (CRP) might directly promote atherogenesis by exerting direct effects on vascular cells. Thus, CRP will become important novel pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge about the pathological role of CRP in atherosclerosis initiation and progression.