BACKGROUND: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine produced in the process of organic immune activities. The problems still need further exploration, including whether the changes of serum level of IL-6 after clozapine treatment ware induced directly by the drug, and whether IL-6 is directly correlated with the changes of the psychiatric symptoms in female patients.with first-episode schizophrenia.OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of the serum level of IL-6 and its relation with the dose of clozapine and the amelioration of the symptoms in female patients with first-episode schizophrenia.DESIGN: A non-randomized case-control observation synchronically.SETTING: Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty female patients with first-episode schizophrenia (patient group) were selected from Henan Psychiatric Hospital. They all met the diagnostic standards of schizophrenia in the 3rd edition of Chinese Classification and diagnostic criteria of Mental Disorders (CCMD-3), their score of positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS)was above 60 points, and had not been treated or at least not taking medicine for 2 weeks during clinical treatment.Patients with physical disease, endocrine and immune system diseases, malnutrition and other mental problems, those with the history of being allergic and hormone treatment, those receiving immune pharmaceutical treatment, and recently having been vaccinated preventively, and the pregnant and breast-feeding women were excluded. Twenty healthy female volunteers, who had no significnat difference in age and gender from the subjects in the patient group,were taken as the control group, and the exclusive standards were the same as those in the patient group. All the subjects were enrolled with the approval of themselves and their guardians.METHODS: All the patients were adminsitrated with clozapine only, with the dose being added by 25-50 mg per day,and the maximal dose was reached within 3 weeks. The principle for the administration was the maximal effectiveness and the minimal side effect. ① Serum level of IL-6 in the patient group was detected using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) before treatment and at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment respectively. ② High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of clozapine, and the levels of IL-6 in serum of the controls were taken as controls. ③ Correlations were analyzed in the patient group between the serum level of IL-6 before treatment and at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment and the PANSS scores (scores of positive and negative symptoms, and general pathology, and the total score) at corresponding time points.MATN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Serum levels of IL-6 before treatment and at each time point after treatment; ②Correlation analysis between the serum levels of IL-6 and clozapine content; ③ Correlation analysis between changes of schizophrenic symptoms and serum levels of IL-6.RESULTS: ① Serum level of IL-6 before treatment in the patient group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(137.72±18.84), (65.05±20.95) ng/L, t =11.53, P ＜ 0.01], those in the patient group at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment were significantly lower than that in the control group [(28.11±5.42), (8.48±1.14), (13.90±2.55), (65.05±20.95) ng/L, t =7.63, 12.01, 10.84, P ＜ 0.01]. ② Correlation analysis between the serum levels of IL-6 and clozapine content: The results showed that the serum level of IL-6 had no significant correlation with the clozapine content at 1, 2and 4 weeks after treatment (r =-0.15, 0.12, -0.29, P ＞ 0.05). ③ Correlation analysis between IL-6 level and schizophrenic symptoms: In the patient group, there was significant positive correlation before treatment between the serum level of IL-6 and the score of positive symptoms (r=0.386, P＜ 0.01), and there was no significant correlation between the serum level of IL-6 and the total scores of PANSS and each factor scores at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment (r=0.136-0.237, P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The serum level of IL-6 in female patients with first-episode schizophrenia was higher than that in healthy females, and it could be decreased by clozapine, and the amelioration of the schizophrenic symptoms had no significant correlation with the changes of IL-6 levels.

Objective:To survey the status quo of ADR occurred in our hospital. Methods:Totally 277 ADR reports were collect-ed and analyzed statistically in our hospital from January 2010 to June 2013. Results:Among the ADR cases,the ratio of male to fe-male was 1∶1. 565, and 59. 93% of ADR occurred in the people over 50 years old. Totally 240 ADR cases (86. 64%) were induced by intravenous administration and 32 ADR cases (11. 87%) were induced by oral administration. Totally 167 ADR cases were caused by antibiotics (60. 29%), among them, 54 cases wero by cephalosporins (32. 34%), 47 cases by quinolones (28. 14%) and 32 ca-ses by cephamycins (19. 16%). Totally 42 ADR cases were caused by traditional Chinese medicine injections (15. 16%), and 18 ca-ses were caused by cardiovascular system drugs (6. 5%). The main clinical manifestations were lesion of skin and its appendant organr and digestive system injury with 162 cases (58. 48%) and 62 cases (22. 38%), respectively. Conclusion: It is necessary to strengthen clinical ADR monitoring, rationally use antibiotics and emphasize the importance of safe medication of traditional Chinese medicine injections.

Objective To provide a reference for prevention of trace elements deficiency in children by investigating the distribution and variation law of Ca,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mg of children in Beijing area.Methods Five kinds of trace elements( Ca,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mg) in peripheral blood of 7972 children of Beijing Children's Hospital for health examination from 2010 to 2011 were detected by atomic absorption spectrometer.The children were Beijing urban residents.They were divided into five age groups:infancy group ( 1 - 12 months,1506 cases),toddler age group ( 1 - 2 years,2766 cases),preschool age group ( 3 - 6 years,1918 cases),school age group (7 - 11 years,1576 cases) and adolescence group ( 12 - 18 years,206 cases).According to gender,each group was sub-divided into male and female group.The distributions of the 5 kinds of trace elements were analyzed among different age and gender groups.Results With the age increasing,the trend of the levels of Ca and Cu were downward,but the levels of Zn and Fe were upward,and the level of Mg was stable.For boys and girls,the levels of Cu in infancy group were (21.90 ±2.89) and(21.25 ±2.80) μmoL/L; in toddler age group,they were (21.76 ±2.78)and (21.29 ±2.69) μmol/L; in preschool age group,they were ( 21.32 ± 2.83 ) and ( 20.88 ± 2.84 ) μ mol/L; and in school age group,they were (20.81 ± 3.02 ) and ( 20.36 ± 3.37 ) μmol/L,respectively.The distribution of Cu showed significantly different among different gender groups ( t =4.640,4.475,3.290,2.894; P ＜ 0.01 ).In adolescence group,the levels of Cu were ( 19.53 ± 2.91 ) and (20.30 ± 2.90) μmol/L for boys and girls respectively and there was no significant difference ( t =- 1.796,P ＞ 0.05 ).In each gender group,the content of Ca,Zn,Fe,and Mg was not significantly different between boys and girls.It was common for the deficiency of Zn and Fe in all ages.Their total deficiency rates were 58.9％ and 19.2％.The deficiency rates of Zn and Fe in infancy were 67.7％ and 42.3％.Conclusions The distributions of Ca,Cu,and Mg in peripheral blood of children in Beijing become reasonable.Fe and Zn are deficient in different degree,and should be rationally used according to clinical guide.

Objective: To optimize the Shenzhen universal infant hepatitis B immunization method. Methods: To analyze the long effectiveness of different immunization strategies and disease transition after hepatitis B virus infection by using cost-effectiveness method through decision-tree and Markov models among the Shenzhen newborns cohort in 2010 based on the local parameters. Results:Through the current strategies, the program of screening all pregnant women for HBsAg and vaccinating newborns of single-positive mothers combing with HBIG and vaccine would not only prevent more new cases, hepatic carcinoma and related deaths; but also gain more living years and QALYs. From the social prospect, it will save about RMB 40 million compared with the current program. Conclusion: It is suggested that Shenzhen Government should amend the current universal infant hepatitis B immunization program to gain more economic and social benefits.

To investigate the effects of salvianolic acid B (SA-B) on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal transduction pathway activated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).

Objective To explore the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver (NFALD)and apolipoprotein E (ApoE)gene polymorphism in Shanghai undergraduate students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in 4 148 students from Shanghai Tongji University. Quesgionary, physical measurement, ultrasonography and biochemical parameters were used to diagnose NFALD. In patients with NAFLD and 200 healthy subjects (served as control), ApoE genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP. Results (1)Totally 398 subjects were diagnosed as NAFLD (prevalence 9.6%). Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase in NAFLD group were higher than those in control, which were related to the degree of NAFLD (P＜0.01). (2)ApoE genotypes distributions were significantly different between two groups (χ2=10.52, P＜0.01). In NAFLD,E4/4 genotype frequency (5.5%)increased, and E3/3 (61.8%)decreased . (3)Unconditional logistic regression showed that E4/4 were closely associated with lipid profiles. Conclusion ApoE point mutations 112 and 158 may cause different dyslipidosis. E4/4 genotype seems to be one of the genetic predisposition factors of NAFLD.

Objective To observe the proportion changes of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells in peripheral blood of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease(VKH)before and after one month of treatment. Methods The peripheral blood samples from 15 patients with VKH disease before and after one month of treatment by glucocorticoid,and from 15 healthy volunteers were collected,and lymphoeytes were separated from them.CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells were Iabeled by antibodies of cell surface marker CD4、CD25 and transcription factor FOXP3.The proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results Before the treatment,the percentage of CD4+ CD25+FOXP3+ T cells in periphery blood was(0.30±0.19)%of CD4+ cell in VKH patients,and(1.41±0.52)%in control group,the difference was statistically significant(t=7.665,P＜0.01);after one month of treatment,the VKH patients group was(1.28±0.54)%which close to the control group.However there were two patients whose CD4+ CD25+ T cells inereased extraordinarily after one month of treatment. Conclusions The proportion of CD4+ CD25+ FOCP3+ T cells in periphery blood in VKH patients were lower than control group obviously before treatment,but were close to eontrol group after treatment.Those results indicated that VKH diseases may be associated with the decreased proportion of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells.

Child ; Humans ; beta-Thalassemia ; diagnosis ; therapy

AIM: To compare and contrast different operation after cataract patients with refractive change rules. To analyze the patients with refractive stability after cataract surgery, and to provide a reference for cataract patients with clinical surgery after visual quality.
●METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 126 cases (150 eyes) were selected from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2015 in Changzhou First People′s Hospital of cataract extraction combined with foldable intraocular lens implantation for cataract patients as the research samples. According to the different operation for three groups, the first group of 42 patients ( 50 eyes ) underwent above 3 mm clear corneal incision;52 cases in group 2 (60 eyes) underwent temporal side 3 mm clear corneal incision. The third group, 32 cases (40 eyes) underwent 3 corner above the scleral tunnel incision. All the cases were measured at different time point in patients with naked eyes far visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, spherical degree, the degree of astigmatism and astigmatic axial, comparative analysis of after cataract surgery in patients with refractive change regularity and stability of refraction.
●RESULTS: The uncorrected distance visual comparison within the group, and each time point after preoperative differences were significant ( P< 0. 01 ), and the early postoperative period after 1, 3mo significantly different (P<0. 05). Three groups of patients after surgery compared with preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity improved significantly, and were stable after 1mo. Compare the best corrected distance vision within the group, and each time point after preoperative differences were significant (P<0. 01), postoperative 1wk and after 1, 3d significantly different (P<0. 05), after 1wk and after 1, 3mo was not significantly different ( P > 0. 05 ), three groups of patients were compared with the preoperative best corrected distance visual acuity were increased significantly, and were in stable after 1wk; relatively spherical degree within the array, after 1d and 3d was not significantly different (P>0. 05), hyperopia drift, after 1wk and 1, 3d was significantly different (P<0. 05), after 1wk and 1, 3mo was not significantly different ( P>0. 05 ). Three groups of patients′spherical degrees after 1wk were stabilized. Comparative degree of astigmatism within the array, postoperative compared with preoperative corneal astigmatism were increased 1d after surgery. Corneal astigmatism in each group reached the maximum, and then decreases 1wk and 1d after surgery, compared with postoperative 3d was significantly different ( P<0. 05 ). After 1wk and 1, 3mo was not significantly different ( P>0. 05 ) . Three groups of patients were compared with preoperative astigmatism were significantly increased, and in operation after 1wk were stabilized;astigmatic axis were three groups in the preoperative astigmatism against the rule, the first and third group after 1d, three Tianshun rule astigmatism proportional were increased, and then decreased. Group 2 the- rule astigmatism proportion, after 1wk, 1 and 3mo, the first and third group gradually reduced the proportion of cis regulatory astigmatism, and compared with preoperative increased, increasing the-rule astigmatism group 2 ratio, and increased compared with preoperative.
●CONCLUSION: Above 3 mm the transparent corneal incision, temporal clear corneal incision and above the scleral tunnel incision different surgical postoperative visual acuity are good. lt can be used as a routine surgical procedure in treatment of cataract;phacoemulsification in cataract patients with former majority against the rule astigmatism. After cataract surgery, early refractive state is a state of mild hyperopia and stabilized about 1wk, combined with clinical guide glasses.

Polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes were prepared from polyethersulfone/N, N-Dimethylacctamide/poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) systems by dry/wet phase inversion process using water as coagulation bath. The effects of coagulation bath temperature and air gap distance on the surface structure, cross section structure and water flux of membranes were discussed. As increasing the temperature of coagulation bath and the air gap distance, the size of the pores at the surface effectively increased, while the finger-like structure under the outer surface changed to a sponge-like structure.