Objective To investigate the value of Adobe Photashop images software in the verifica-tion of radiation portal. Methods The portal and simulation films or CT reconstruction images were impor-ted into computer using a scanner. The image size, gray scale and contrast scale were adjusted with Adobe Photoshop images software, then image registration and measurement were completed. Results By the com-parison between portal image and simulation image, the set-up errors in right-left, superior-inferior and ante-rior-posterior directions were (1.11 ± 1.37) mm, (1.33 ± 1.25) mm and (0.83±0.79) mm in the head and neck;(1.44±1.03) mm,(1.6±1.52) mm and (1.34±1.17) mm in the thorax;(1.53±0.86) mm, (1.83 ± 1.19) mm and (1.67 ± 0.68)mm in the abdomen; (1.93 ± I. 83) mm, (1.59 ± 1.07)mm and (0.85 ± 0.72)mm in the pelvic cavity. Conclusions Accurate radiation portal verification and posi-tion measurement can be completed by using Adobe Photoshop, which is a simple, safe and reliable method.

Objective:To survey the first-aid ability of general practitioners (GPs) and the emergency service capacity of primary health institutions in southern Zhejiang province.Methods:The questionnaire of first-aid ability of GPs in primary care institution was developed on the basis of the Delphi method during August to October 2018. The questionnaire was employed in a survey on the first-aid ability among 480 GPs from 169 community health service centers of three regions in southern Zhejiang province. The survey covered basic information and first-aid skills and emergency response ability of GPs, and the emergency facilities of primary health institutions.Results:A total of 480 questionnaires were distributed and 447 were retrieved with an recovery rate of 93. 1%(447/480). Among the 447 responders, 55.9% (250/447) were males, 70.9% (317/447) had bachelor′s degree or above, and 60.2% (269/447) had middle and senior professional titles. There were 99.6% (445/447), 86.6% (387/447), 76.1% (340/447) and 69.8% (312/447) responders considered cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), electrical defibrillation, respiratory balloon and endotracheal intubation as important first-aid skills, and corresponding mastery rates were 84.3% (377/447), 32.0% (143/447), 55.2% (247/447) and 12.9% (58/447), respectively. The 92.4% (413/447) responders thought that the rescue ability of common emergency and critical illness was the most important, while only 32.4% (145/447) responders mastered it. Least responders [41.4%(185/447)] thought that ability of using bedside ultrasound was important, and the corresponding mastery rate was only 3.8%(17/447); 77.4%(346/447) of general practitioners believed that CPR machines was important, while the available rate of CPR machines in primary health care institutions was only 16.0%(27/169).Conclusion:The GPs in southern Zhejiang province have a good grasp of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills, but have a low mastery rate of first-aid skills such as electrical defibrillation, tracheal intubation, and emergency rescue capabilities, which are quite different from their perceived importance evaluation.

Objective: To explore the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) protein during benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) induced carcinogenesis. Methods: This study, we firstly utilized immunofluorescence assay and Western-blot to examine EGFR expression of the BaP which was constructed previously by project team induced malignant transformation human bronchial epithelial cell (BTC) and the control (16HBE cell). Then, we selected 36 healthy SD rats, divided into two groups according to simple random method, 18 rats each group. The constructed rat lung neoplasm model induced by pulmonary injection of BaP (10 mg/ml of BaP solution in 0.2 ml corn oil), contrast group use 0.2 ml corn oil, lung tissue was collected and the EGFR expression of lung tissue was detected by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. T analysis was used to test the different of EGFR between two groups. Results: Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the EGFR expression in BTC was significantly higher than 16HBE cell. Meanwhile, Western blot also was used to confirmed this result, the relative expression of EGFR protein in the rats of the model group the control group were 1.04±0.13 and 2.32±0.12, respectively, and the difference was statistically significance (t=12.39, P<0.001). In vivo, well-defined tumor was found in the rat with pulmonary injection of BaP, and the lung showed diffuse alveolar septal thickening, alveolar wall destruction and pulmonary alveoli fusion, which suggested that the rat lung neoplasm model was constructive successfully. Furthermore, we found the EGFR expression of lung was increased dramatically in the rat lung neoplasm model by immunofluorescence detection and Western blot. The relative expression of EGFR protein in the rats of the model group the control group were 0.21±0.03 and 1.30±0.07, respectively, and the difference was statistically significance (t=12.84, P<0.001). Conclusion Expression of EGFR protein was increased during BaP carcinogenesis, and EGFR may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of BaP.

Objective:To obtain the inter-fractional set-up errors of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) of cervical cancer by cone-beam CT (CBCT), and to analyze the variations of the set-up errors on the cumulative dose deviation of the target volume.Methods:A total of 48 patients with cervical cancer who underwent IMRT were enrolled in this study, and the set-up errors of 696 CBCTs were obtained. The set-up errors were input into the treatment planning system, and the cumulative set-up error dose was obtained by superposing the set-up errors dose. The deviation percentage was calculated by the deviation formula and the standard planning dose.Results:The set-up errors caused the offset of isocenter distance by 0.58(0.36, 0.80) cm. Different statistical differences were noted between the cumulative set-up error dose and the standard planning dose by WilCoxon test. All the dose deviations in the target volume were reduced, and the differential dose volume histogram (DVH) appeared negatively skewed, and the peak value was declined. The DVH diagram shifted to the left with an inverse S-curve and the slope was increased. The HI deviation of the target volume from small to large were: CTV 1, CTV 2, GTV/CTV, CTV 3, CTV n, CTV all, and GTV nd; The HI deviation of the target volume were increased. Conclusions:The effect of set-up errors in IMRT of cervical cancer upon the cumulative doses of the target volume significantly differs. The cumulative dose of the target volume is reduced, and the uniformity of the target volume dose becomes worse. The uncertainty of the inter-fractional position leads to an increase or decrease in the the fractional doses of the target volume. The biological effect on tumor cells and the tumor recurrence remains to be investigated. In IMRT of cervical cancer, the CBCT position calibration is required before each treatment to ensure the dose accuracy of each structure in the target volume.

Objective: To investigate the assessment and treatment strategy of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 43 patients with renal cell carcinoma and bone metastases admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2006 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The follow-up time was 6 years, with an average age of 55.4 years (21-87 years). There were 29 males, 14 females, 22 cases of limb bone metastasis, 12 cases of spinal metastasis, 9 cases of multiple bone metastasis, 21 cases of Fuhrman grade 1 and 2, 19 cases of T₁, and 20 cases of N₀. All patients were confirmed by postoperative pathological examination or imaging data suggesting that bone metastasis are from renal cell carcinoma. Forty-three patients underwent primary renal surgery, and molecular targeted therapy was used after the operation. The treatment process was smooth, no obvious discomfort, and postoperative pathology showed clear cell carcinoma.22 patients with limb bones metastasis and 12 patients with spinal metastasis included in the study all met the indications for secondary surgery after the disease assessment. After communicating with the patient, 13 patients with limbs metastasis and 6 patients with spinal metastasis received local treatment, including complete resection of the extremities and spinal fixation, the remaining 15 patients and 9 patients with multiple bone metastasis were treated conservatively. There were 19 patients in the local treatment group, 13 patients with limbs bone metastasis, 6 patients with spinal bone metastasis, the average age was 54.9 years, the average diameter of the primary tumor was 4.7 cm. There were 24 patients in the conservative treatment group, 9 patients with limbs metastasis, 6 patients with spinal metastases and 9 cases with multiple bone metastasis, with an average age of 56 years and a primary tumor diameter of 5.6 cm. Limb metastatic lesions were evaluated according to the patient's general condition, bone pain, fracture risk, and bone metastasis. Spinal lesions were evaluated according to Tokuhashi score, Harrington score, Tomita score, vertebral stability assessment, and molecular targeted therapy. Aminokinase inhibitors, conservative treatment with local radiotherapy and bisphosphonate treatment. Results: During the follow-up period, the 1-year overall survival rate of the local treatment group was 100.0%, the 2-year overall survival rate was 89.4%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 73.7%. The 1-year overall survival rate of the conservative treatment group was 87.5%, and the 2-year overall survival rate was 62.5%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 16.7%. The 2-year and 5-year survival rates of the local treatment group were statistically different (P=0.044, P=0.000) compared with the conservative treatment group. For patients with limb bone metastasis, the 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients receiving topical treatment than in the conservative treatment group (P=0.011). For spinal metastasis, spinal pain in the local treatment group was alleviated to varying degrees. No spinal instability and spasticity were observed after follow-up. In the spine patients who received conservative treatment, 3 patients developed paraplegia, which was statistically different from local treatment (P=0.046). Another 9 patients with multiple bone metastases did not undergo local surgery, and all died after multiple organ failure. Conclusions At the same time of molecular targeted therapy, according to the evaluation results, selective treatment of bone metastases with secondary surgical indications, including complete resection of the extremities and spinal fixation, can significantly improve the survival and quality of life of those patients.