OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of the clinical distribution and drug resistance of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli in nosocomial infection.METHODS The bacteria were identified by API 20NE.Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by K-B disk diffusion method.RESULTS The rate of non-fermentatives in Gram-negative bacilli was 17.6%.The dominant strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(43.8%),Acinetobacter spp(39.9%),Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(6.7%),and Burkholderia cepacia(2.7%).The resistant rates of P.aeruginosa to cefoperaxone/sulbactam,amikacin,cefepime and meropenem were less than 20%.The resistant rates of Acinetobacter spp to imipenem,meropenem,cefoperaxone/sulbactam and minocycline were less than 20%.The resistant rates of S.maltophilia to minocycline,cefoperaxone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam and levofloxacin were less than 20%.The resistant rates of B.cepacia to minocycline,piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperaxone/sulbactam were less than 20%.CONCLUSIONS The sensitivities of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli to cefoperaxone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam,minocycline,imipenem and meropenem were the highest.These antibiotics may be chosen first for the clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and antimicrobial resistance of common gram-positive cocci in author's hospital.Methods Identification of these bacteria were done with API analysis system,disc diffusion tests were employed to study the antimicrobial resistance.Results A total of 25 052 clinical isolates were collected in 8 years,of gram-positive cocci accounted for 7907(31.9%).Staphylococcus aureus(3549 strains,44.9%),enterococcus(1760 strains,22.3%)and coagulase-negative staphylococcus(1558 strains,19.7%)were the most common isolates.The prevalence of MRSA increased from 59.6% in 2001 to 76.3% in 2008,and MRSCoN increased from 64.2% to 77.0%.The resistant rate of MRSA to gentamicin,clindamycin,erythromycin and levofloxacin were over 90%,to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol were less than 20%.The resistant rate of MSSA to gentamicin,levofloxacin,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol were low 20%,and to beta-lactamase antibacterial agents except penicillin were 0.The resistant rates of MRSCoN to all antimicrobial agents were lower than MRSA,but to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(71.2%)was higher than MRSA(21.2%).No staphylococcus strains were resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid.2.1% enterococcus feacium and 4.4% other enterococcus were resistant to vancomycin.No strains of enterococcus were found resistant to teicoplanin and linezolid.Conclusion The resistant rate of gram-positive cocci were increasing obviously,the prevalence of MRS was high.Vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid were the most active agents against severe infection induced by multidrug-resistant gram-positive cocci.