Objective To observe the impact of ningxinjieyu capsule on contents of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in cerebral cortex of chronic depression model rats.Methods The chronic stressed depression model rats were established by chronic unpredictable stress and separation.the model rats randomly divided into model group,ningxinjieyu high-dose group(10.8 mg/(kg · d)),mid-dose group(3.6 mg/(kg · d)),low-dose group(1.2 mg/(kg · d)) and Fluoxetine group(3.6 mg/(kg · d)) and the normal rats as the control group.Finally the changes of Noradrenaline (NE),Dopamine (DA),5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT),3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) would be observed using HPLC-ECD technique.Results Compared with the control group,the contents of NE,DA and 5-HT were significantly lower in the model group (P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the contents of DA were increased in the different concentrations of ningxinjieyue capsule groups,and the contents of 5-HT were higher in the low-dose and high-dose groups ((272.15± 129.89) ng/g,(445.08± 127.56) ng/g,(375.33±52.38) ng/g) ; the contents of NE were increased in the low-dose and mid-dose groups ((408.08 ± 89.55) ng/g,(530.12± 149.87) ng/g,(542.53 ± 96.10) ng/g) ; the contents of HVA were increased in the mid-dose and high-dose groups; the contents of DOPAC were increased in the low-dose group; the contents of 5-HT,DA and NE were increased in the fluoxetine group(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Conclusion Ningxinjieyu capsule has antidepressant effect,the mechanisms might be regulated to the contents of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in cerebral cortex.

Objective To discuss whether mild hyperuricemia can lead to kidney damage and the protection of decreased uric acid,through observing that hyperuricemia did damage to glomerulus endothelial function and cell proliferation of vascular smooth muscle in rats. Methods Fifty-four male SD rats were divided into four groups,the control group,model group (Oxonate),allopurinol group and Oxonate+allopurinol group.Rats were administered on a low sodium diet and their systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured each 10 days.ELISA was used to detect rat plasma markers of endothelial function damage [nitric oxide (NO),type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1),endothelin 1 (ET-1)] and cell proliferation of vascular smooth muscle[plateletderived growth factor (PDGF),cycloxygenase 2 (COX2),monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)],and the markers of inflammatory reaction[interleukin-18 (IL-18),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)].PDGF and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels of rats were detected by immunohistochemical method.Renal tissue pathology of rats was observed. Results Compared to the control group,the plasmic concentration of COX2,ET-1,IL-18,PAI-1,PDGF,TNF-o,MCP-1 increased,and NO decreased significantly in rats of model group (all P＜0.05),expression of NOS significantly reduced and PDGF increased (all P＜0.05).Under light microscope,vascular wall thickening,intimal proliferation and lumen slight stricture without uric acid crystals in renal tissue were found in model group,which were obviously improved by using allopurinol. Conclusion Mild hyperuricemia can do damage to endothelial function of glomerulus and lead to vascular cell proliferation,which can be improved through decreasing uric acid.

Objective To investigate the effects of uric acid (UA) and UA under oxidative stress on cultured human umbillical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).Methocds HUVECs were incubated with different concentration UA (0,4,8,16 mg/dL),H2O2 (500 mmol/l) and UA+H2O2 (500 mmol/l) for 24,48 and 72 hours.Then we observed the morphology of HUVECs and evaluated the proliferation of HUVECs by MTT assay.NO and ET-1 in supernatant medium was detected by ELISA.Results For the viability of HUVECs,there was no statistically significant difference between 4 mg/dL UA group and control group after incubation for 24,48 and 72 hours (P＞0.05) and between UA groups(8 mg/dL and 12 mg/dL) and control group after incubation for 24,48 and 72 hours (P＞0.05).After incubation with 12 mg/dL of UA for 48 hours or 8 mg/dL of UA for 72 hours,the viability of HUVECs decreased significantly (P ＜0.05) The viability of HUVECs in H2O2 group decreased significantly (P＜0.05).The viability of HUVECs in UA+H2O2 groups after incubation for 24 h was significantly better than H2O2 group.There was no signifiant difference in the cell viability between (8 mg/dL or 12 mg/dL) UA+H2O2 group and H2O2 group.Compared with the control group,the NO levels were decreased and the ET-1 levels were increased in the supernatants of HUVECs in 12 mg/dL UA group for 72 hours (P＜0.05).Compared with H2O2 group,the NO levels were increased and the ET-1 levels were decreased in the supematants of HUVECs in (8 mg/dL or 12 mg/dL) UA +H2O2 groups for 24 hours (P＜0.05),while for (12 mg/dL) UA +H2O2 group for 72 hours,the results were just the contary.Conclusion The effects of UA on HUVECs are related with both concentration and action rime.Acutely increased UA may protect HUVECs form injury,while long action of UA may injure HUVECs,especially under oxidative stress.

Data based on the antiviral-resistant phenotyping characteristics of 884 influenza B viruses circulating in mainland China from October 2013 to March 2014 were analyzed to assess the susceptibility of influenza B viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors. All 884 viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir; two viruses (0.23%) had reduced sensitivity to zanamivir and all other viruses were sensitive to zanamivir. Among the 38 viruses with a B/Victoria lineage, B/Shandong-Kuiwen/1195/2014 exhibited a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for zanamivir that was elevated by 5. 12-fold (1.78 nM) compared with neuraminidase inhibitors sensitive to the reference virus (0.34 nM), suggesting that it exhibited reduced inhibition by zanamivir. D35G, N59D and S402T (39, 64 and 399 with N2 number) amino-acid substitutions in the NA gene were detected with no previously reported antiviral-resistant substitutions. Among viruses with the 846 B/Yamagata lineage, B/Hunan-Lingling/350/2013 exhibited a 7.99-fold elevated IC50 for zanamivir (2.72 nM) compared with neuraminidase inhibitors sensitive to the reference virus (0.34 nM), suggesting that it exhibited reduced inhibition by zanamivir. D197N (N2 number), a previously reported antiviral resistant-related amino-acid substitution in the NA gene, was detected in B/Hunan-Lingling/350/2013. These data suggest that recently circulating influenza B viruses in mainland China have retained susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors.
Amino Acid Substitution ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Influenza B virus ; drug effects ; enzymology ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Neuraminidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the role and neuroinflammatory mechanism of iron on dopamine ( DA) neurons in multiple primary midbrain cultures that mimic human substantia nigra pars compacta.Methods Ferrous chloride ( Fe2+ ) with the desired concentrations of 5,25 and 100 μmol/L was used to ( 1 ) treat primary midbrain neuron-microglia-astroglia cultures for 7 days and the numbers of DA neurons and total neurons were counted after tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuron-specific neuclear protein neurons in 5,25 and 100 μmol/L Fe2 + -treated groups were 89%,70% and 55% of control group,and 25,100 μmol/L Fe2+ significantly decreased DA neuronal numbers compared with control group ( F = 12.047,P ＜0.01);DA neuronal bodies were shrunk and smaller,cytoplasmic stainings were reduced,neuronal dendrites were decreased;(2) The numbers of Neu-N ( + ) total neurons in 5,25 and 100 μmol/L Fe2+-treated groups were 100%,104% and 101% of control group and Fe2+ did not decrease DA neuronal numbers compared with control group (t =4.458,P ＞ 0.05 );5,25 and 100 μmol/L Fe2+-induced difference between total neurons and DA neurons were 11%,34% and 46%,and 25 and 100 (Amol/L Fe2+ produced significant difference(t =8.098,P ＜0.05;t = 11.218,P＜0.05);(3) In primary midbrain neuron-microglia-astroglia and neuron-astroglia cultures,the numbers of DA neurons in 25 μmol/L Fe+-treated group were 70% and 98% of control group,respectively.The difference between two groups was 28%,which was statistically significant (t =8.061,P＜0.05);The numbers of DA neurons in 100 μmol/L groups were 183%,190 % and 240% of control group,and 25 and 100 μmol/L Fe2 + significantly increased microglial numbers compared with control group ( F = 6.101,P ＜ 0.01 );dramatic changes of microglial morphology were indicated by the enlarged cell bodies and irregular shape.Conclusions Fe2 + provokes selective DA neuronal damage and microglia are the mediators of the neurotoxic effect,which may be due to microglial over-activation featured by the significant production of neurotoxic factors and morphological changes of microglia.This investigation cast a new light for PD therapy by inhibiting Fe2+ -induced neuroinflammation characterized by the microglial over-activation.

Objective To analyze the phenotypic characteristics of antiviral-resistant influenza B viruses circulating in mainland China and to analyze the susceptibility of influenza B viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors ( NAIs) . Methods Antiviral-resistant phenotyping test was performed to analyze the NAI suscep-tibility of 1 386 influenza B viruses isolated in mainland China from April 2014 to March 2015, including the test of susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Results All of the 94 B-Victoria lineage viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Of all 1 292 B-Yamagata lineage viruses tested, 1 virus showed re-duced sensitivity to oseltamivir with NA gene containing I221T amino acid mutation, 10 viruses showed re-duced sensitivity to zanamivir with 4 having D197N amino acid mutation in NA gene, 3 viruses showed re-duced sensitivity to both oseltamivir and zanamivir with NA gene possessing D197N amino acid mutation and 1 virus carrying the A245T amino acid mutation in NA gene showed reduced sensitivity to oseltamivir and highly reduced sensitivity to zanamivir. Conclusion The majority of influenza B viruses circulating in main-land China during 2014 to 2015 were sensitive to NAIs, which indicated that NAIs could be used continually for clinical treatment of patients with influenza. Sustained monitoring of antiviral susceptibility of influenza B viruses should be emphasized for timely detection of antiviral resistant viruses and more attention should be paid to the D197N mutations in NA gene of influenza B viruses.

To analyze the antigenic and genetic characteristics of the influenza A (H3N2) virus in mainland China during the surveillance year of 2013-2014, the antigenic characteristics of H3N2 virus were analyzed using reference ferret anti-sera. The nucleotide sequences of the viruses were determined by Sanger dideoxy sequencing, phylogenetic trees were constructed with the neighbor-joining method, and the genetic characteristics of the viruses were determined in comparison to current vaccine strains. The results showed that most of the H3N2 viruses were antigenically closely related to the A/Victoria/361/2011 vaccine strain cell-propagated prototype virus (99.6%). Using the A/Texas/50/2012 egg isolate as the reference antigen, 15.1% of the viruses were found to be closely antigenically related to it, while 11.9% of strains were closely antigenically related to the egg-propagated epidemic strain, A/Shanghai-Changning/1507/2012. Phylogenetic analysis of HA genes indicated that the A(H3N2) viruses in this surveillance year were in the same clade, but no drug resistant mutation was identified in the NA genes. During the 2013-2014 influenza surveillance year, no significant genetic change was detected in either the HA or NA genes of the A(H3N2) viruses, while significant mutations were found in egg isolates resulting from their adaptation during propagation in eggs. The antigenic and genetic changes should be investigated in a timely manner to enable the selection of an appropriate vaccine strain in China.
Animals ; Antigenic Variation ; Base Sequence ; Chick Embryo ; China ; Genetic Variation ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny

Objective To investigate the effect of Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy on quality of life in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Eighty-two patients with STEMI were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The control group received standard treatment, while the experimental group was given Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy on the basis of standard treatment. The clinical efficacy was evaluated at 1 d, 3 months, 6 months after intervention by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Scale for coronary disease. Results After six months of intervention, the item score of Chinese and Western Medicine Scale of the coronary heart disease in the experimental group was significantly higher, and rehabilitative efficacy was better than that in the control group (P ＜0. 05). Conclusion Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy can effectively improve the postoperative quality of life of patients with STEMI after re-perfusion.

Objective To investigate the effect of Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy on quality of life in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Eighty-two patients with STEMI were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The control group received standard treatment, while the experimental group was given Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy on the basis of standard treatment. The clinical efficacy was evaluated at 1 d, 3 months, 6 months after intervention by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Scale for coronary disease. Results After six months of intervention, the item score of Chinese and Western Medicine Scale of the coronary heart disease in the experimental group was significantly higher, and rehabilitative efficacy was better than that in the control group (P ＜0. 05). Conclusion Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy can effectively improve the postoperative quality of life of patients with STEMI after re-perfusion.

Objective: Based on observational, longitudinal and intervention study of common diseases among students in Jiangsu Province, this paper presents the current progress of two year follow up of myopia cohort regarding the association between growth parameters with progression of myopia among children and adolescents in areas with rapid economic growth. Methods: This survey adopted the stratified cluster sampling method for school selection. The full automatic computer optometry (TOPCON RM800) was used to track myopia related parameters for all participants from 2019 to 2020 under the condition of mydriasis (compound topicamide eye drops). Relationship between growth parameters of children and adolescents and the incidence and progression of myopia was analyzed by using Cox regression multiple statistical model. Results: The myopia rates of students from grade 1 to grade 3 in 2019 were 5.4%, 21.5% and 37.3% respectively. After one year, the myopia rates of all school stages increased to 25.3%, 43.3% and 58.1% respectively( χ 2=53.59, 49.63, 32.52, P <0.01). The mean diopter of right eye and left eye after mydriasis were ( 0.30± 1.24/0.39±1.26)D in 2019 and (-0.33±1.54/-0.19±1.55)D in 2020, respectively based on Cox multiple regression results, age ( HR =1.21, 95% CI =1.09-1.34), naked eye vision ( HR =0.08, 95% CI =0.07-0.11), height ( HR =0.98, 95% CI =0.97-0.99) showed a strong correlation with the incidence and progression of myopia( P <0.05). Conclusion Myopia is growing rapidly in the central region of Jiangsu Province. It is suggested that diopter, axial length, naked eye vision, age, height and other indicators should be included in the refractive archives of children and adolescents in the region.