Objective To visualize blood flow changes in verruca vulgaris noninvasively with laser speckle contrast analysis (LSCA), and to evaluate the relationship of size and location of warts with efficacy of laser treatment. Methods Pulsed dye laser(PDL)was used to treat 30 verruca vulgaris lesions in 17 patients. In order to evaluate therapeutic effect of PDL, LSCA was performed to observe blood flow in warts and their surrounding normal skin, and to calculate speckle flow index (SFI)values before laser treatment, and at 10 minutes as well as on 3 weeks after laser treatment. Results Before PDL treatment, SFI values were significantly higher in warts than in their surrounding normal skin (11.600 ± 1.190 vs. 5.280 ± 0.481, t = 8.169, P < 0.01). Compared with those before the treatment, SFI values in warts significantly decreased at 10 minutes(3.112 ± 0.484, t = 4.407, P < 0.01)and on week 3(7.315 ± 1.083, t = 3.294, P < 0.01)after the treatment, and were significantly higher on week 3 than at 10 minutes (t = 4.646, P < 0.01). SFI values in surrounding normal skin significantly increased at 10 minutes after the treatment compared with those before the treatment (20.260 ± 2.063 vs. 5.296 ± 0.708, t = 6.770, P < 0.01), but were significantly lower on week 3 than at 10 minutes (4.941 ± 0.616, t = 6.964, P < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between SFI values in surrounding normal skin on week 3 after the treatment and those before the treatment (t = 0.378, P = 0.707). The efficacy of laser treatment was associated wart size and location. Changes of blood flow(|ΔSFI|)were significantly higher in warts measuring less than 0.5 cm2 in size than in those equal to or more than 0.5 cm2 (t = 2.287, P < 0.05), and significantly differed among warts at different sites (F =15.71, P < 0.01). The greatest changes of blood flow in warts were observed on fingers, followed by the dorsum of feet, toes, palms and soles and periungual areas. Conclusions Blood flow in verruca vulgaris is markedly increased compared with that in normal skin. PDL can clear verruca vulgaris by solidifying and gasifying capillaries. LSCA may be used to evaluate the efficacy of laser on verruca vulgaris more quantitively by monitoring regional blood flow.

BACKGROUND:Posterior arch length deficiency is closely related to the formation and development of malocclusion.
OBJECTIVE:To measure the posterior arch length in individual normal occlusions of adults in Lanzhou.
METHODS:A total of 102 current col ege students with individual normal occlusions, with a mean age of (19.33±2.67) years (range 18-24 years), including 47 males and 55 females from Gansu Province, were chosen to take lateral cephalograms. Al research objects were divided into three groups according to mandibular plane angle:high angle group (Frankfort mandibular-plane angle>32°), low angle group (Frankfort mandibular-plane angle<22°) and control group (22°≤Frankfort mandibular-plane angle≤ 32°). Posterior arch length of both maxil ary and mandibular arches was measured, and the data were compared between genders and groups and in groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Posterior arch length of maxil ary arch was slightly longer in male group than that in female group, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The posterior arch length of mandibular arch was slightly longer in male group than that in female group, but the difference was no significant (P>0.05). Comparison between groups revealed that the posterior arch length of low angle mandibular arch was significantly longer than that of high angle mandibular arch in male group, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The results indicate that the gender wil not influence the development of posterior arch length. Different vertical facial types and different genders have different posterior arch length in individual normal occlusions of adults

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and reliable diagnostic method in HIV/AIDS patients with smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods: Clinical data of 112 HIV/AIDS patients complicated with smear negative pulmonary TB who were treated in our hospital from January 2013 to September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. These clinical data includeded clinical symptom, blood routine test, blood biochemistry, T lymphocyte subsets classification, sputum acid-fast bacillus smear, mycobacterium tuberculosis culture, purified protein derivatives tuberculin (PPD) test, interferon gamma-release assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (T-SPOT.TB), TB-DNA and chest computed tomography (CT). Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of these parameters were analyzed. Results: No specific clinical manifestation of these patients was identified. The chest CT feature was also atypical. The positive rates including T-SPOT, TB, TB-DNA and PPD test were all low. The positive rates of T-SPOT.TB and PPD test in patients with a CD4+ cell count >200 cells/μl was significantly higher than that of patients with a CD4+ cell count ≤50 cells/μl and 51≤CD4≤200 cells/μl (P<0.01). Conclusions The clinical feature of smear negative pulmonary TB in HIV/AIDS patients is atypical. For a definite diagnosis, a comprehensive analysis with clinical manifestations, laboratory test, imaging examination and etiologic detection is required.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of dual-kidney transplantation from infant donors to adult recipients.Methods:From December 2012 to November 2020 in Organ Transplant Center First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, rertrospective reviews were conducted for clinical data of 25 pairs of infant donors and adult recipients. The survival rates were calculated for both recipients and transplanted kidneys at Year 1/3/5 post-transplantation. And the postoperative recovery status and the postoperative incidence of adverse events of recipients were observed.Results:The survival rates of recipients were all 95.8% at Year 1/3/5 and those of transplanted kidney and dealth-cancelling transplanted kidney all 87.2%. One case died due to acute inferior-wall cardiac infarction while three others lost renal functions for vascular thrombosis, ureteral stenosis and urinary fistula. Except for loss of renal function and death, the postoperative estimated golmerular fitration rate was (99.35±21.78), (103.11±29.20) and (114.99±28.55) ml/(min·1.73 m 2) at Year 1/2/3 respectively. Conclusions:Selecting proper recipients, standardizing donor acquisition and surgical procedures and strengthening perioperative managements may expand the donor pool. The overall outcomes are excellent for adult recipients with dual-kidney transplantation from donations after infants' death.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the drug-resistant genes at hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase region during entecavir (ETV) treatment.

METHODSSerum samples from chronic hepatitis B patients with virologic breakthrough during enticavir therapy were studied. The resistant mutation patterns in the polymerase gene of hepatitis B virus were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing method.

RESULTSETV resistance was detected from 19 out of 29 ETV-refractory patients, among whom 16 (84.2%) had a history of lamivudine-refractory. The mutation patterns were diverse, while rtL180 + rtM204 + rtT184 (58.6%, 17/29) was most common in patients with ETV genotype resistance. Four of 7 patients (7/29, 24.1%) with genotype B were detected to have ETV genotype resistance, while 15 of 22 patients (22/29, 75.9%) with genotype C were detected to have ETV genotype resistance. The rate of ETV genotype resistance was 57.1% (4/7) and 68.2% (15/22) in patients with genotype B and genotype C,while no statistical difference was found(P = 0.665).

CONCLUSIONSETV genotype resistance is more common in patients who have been refractory to ETV and lamivudine sequential treatment. rtM204+rtL180+rtT184 mutation is common in genotype B and C ETV resistance patients.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Guanine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To identify the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K) in mediating necroptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and the involved mechanism.Methods Knockdown of p110α,receptor-interacting protein 1(RIP1) or both p110αand RIP1 was mediated by the specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus and verified by RT-PCR or Western blotting .In addition , Western blotting was used to detect phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL) and protein kinase B(AKT) or tetramerization of MLKL.Cell death was measured by micros-copy and flow cytometry.Results AKT phosphorylation and TNFα-induced necroptosis of L929 cells were suppressed by the inhibitors of PI3K or AKT, as well as p110αknockdown.Moreover, RIP1 knockdown did not inhibit L929 cell death induced by TNFαplus Z-VAD, but the RIP1-independent necroptosis was inhibited by p 110αknockdown.In addition, p110αknockdown suppressed MLKL phosphorylation and tetramerization induced by TNFαwith Z-VAD in L929 cells. Conclusion PI3K mediates necroptosis of L929 cells induced by TNFαby activating AKT and MLKL, respectively.

BACKGROUND:Now experimental and clinical research on suitable bone substitutes for alveolar bone defects after dental implantation is an issue of concern.OBJECTIVE:To study the therapeutic effect of titanium core/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) composite material on alveolar bone defects after immediate implant placement.METHODS:Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into normal group (no intervention),experimental group or control group.Animal models of bone femoral greater trochanter defect were made in the experimental and control groups.Dental implant and titanium core/BMP composite material were implanted in the experimental group,while dental implant and titanium core were implanted in the control group.Percentage of CD4+,CD8+ T lymphocytes,natural killer cell activity and interleukin 2 level were detected at postoperative 4 weeks;bone mineral density and osteogenesis around the implant were detected at postoperative 16 weeks through X-ray and histological examinations.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:X-ray results showed that the bone mineral density in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Histological results showed that in the experimental group,different degrees of cell lysis around the composite,more bone cells and bone matrices were found,implant-bone osseointegration formed well,and red-dyed mature bone tissues were detective inside the implant.Compared with the experimental group,lower number of bone cells and fibrocytes were found in the control group.Additionally,the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes,natural killer cell activity and interleukin 2 level in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).To conclude,the titanium core/BMP composite material can effectively repair alveolar bone defects after immediate implant placement to guide the growth of bone cells.

Objective To explore the impact of Cesarean section on newborn′s early suction. Methods A literature review was conducted to summarize the impact of Cesarean section on newborn′s early suction from aspects of sucking behavior, breastfeeding initiation, and breast sensitivity to sucking stimulus. Results Cesarean section has detrimental effect on nerves and muscles which are responsible for sucking behavior. It causes incompatible of sucking dynamics, delayed breastfeeding initiation, ineffective sucking stimulus, and finally, failed lactation and breastfeeding. Conclusions Cesarean section impairs newborn′s early suction.It suggests that our nursing staff should pay attention to related education and encourage the vaginal delivery.Additionally,supports on timely breastfeeding,correct latch-on and sucking gesture should be given to Cesarean newborns immediately after delivery to promote the successful breastfeeding.

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze the surgical methods and therapeutic effects of repair of the finger proximal and middle segment soft tissue defect with three different types of skin flaps.

METHODSFrom May 2011 to May 2015, 102 patients with 115 fingers proximal and middle segment soft tissue defect underwent reconstruction with three different types of skin flaps. There were 59 males with 70 fingers and 43 females with 45 fingers, aged from 19 to 62 years old with an average of 45.6 years. Twenty-nine patients with 29 fingers were repaired by free peroneal artery perforator flaps, 35 patients with 37 fingers were repaired by the free vascularized flaps based on the wrist cutaneous branch of ulnar artery, 38 patients with 49 fingers were repaired by metacarpal dorsal artery perforator flaps. The soft tissue defect area varied from 1.8 cm×4.0 cm to 2.8 cm×5.4 cm. The flap area varied from 2.0 cm×4.4 cm to 3.1 cm×6.0 cm. The clinical results were evaluated based on flap survival rate, finger function and complications.

RESULTSAll flaps survived. Distal skin flap necrosis occurred in 5 flaps, but healed after wound dressing therapy. No deep infection were found in donor site and recipient site. There were 3 cases with partial necrosis of the skin graft, and delayed healing after wound dressing therapy. All patients were followed up from 6 to 28 months with an average of 10.6 months. The appearance and texture of flaps were well. The sensation were good, two-point discrimination was 9 to 13 mm. There were no obvious dysfunction happened in the donor site. The function of the fingers was excellent in 52 cases, good in 41, fair in 9 cases.

CONCLUSIONSAbout the repair of the finger proximal and middle segment soft tissue defect, the right flap should be choosen based on the difference of the sex and the age in patients, wounds situation, the master degree of the operation method and the hospital's technical conditions.