Objective To investigate the effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ) on the aging of rat hippocampal neurons induced by D-galactose(D-gal).Methods Hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro.The aging of the hippocampal neurons was induced by high dose D-gal,PQQ protection were used 30 min before D-gal.The metamorphosis of hippocampal neurons was observed under the microscope.The contents of free radical was measured.The incidence of apoptosis of hippocampus cells was tested with the flow cytometry.The expression of Bax was detected with immunohistochemical staining.Results After the cells cultured in vitro exposed to D-gal,the content of free radical and the expression of Bax of the hippocampal neurons increased.After pretreatment of the cultured neurons with PQQ,the contents of free radical and the expression of Bax decreased,the survival of hippocampal neurons increased.Conclusion PQQ may slow the aging progress of hippocamal neurons induced by D-gal.

Objective To explore nurses' bonus assessment and distribution methods based on the information technology platform and to improve the efficiency of nursing management. Methods We build a hospital informa-tion platform in order to collect nursing work efficiency data by using existing computer information network. We distributed the bonus through the information platform according to evaluate nursing quality and performance effi-ciency. Results After the information flatform used for 2 years,the satisfaction of nurses with different professional titles and different experience showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The time of department management person-nel collecting and distributing data change from [103.75 (180.00,215.00)] min per month to [42.50 (60.00,90.00)] min per month.The difference showed statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion The technology platform can im-prove the satisfaction and the nursing management efficiency.

BACKGROUNDIt is not clear yet about the secular changes of morbidity and mortality trend of lung cancer in residents of Nangang District of Harbin in China. The aim of this study is to estimate the trend of lung cancer morbidity and mortality in residents of Nangang District from 1992 to 2001 and to predict their levels in the future 5 years.

METHODSData were collected from the annual statistic reports on cancer death cause from Nangang District in Harbin. The classification of death cause was made according to the ICD-9. Predictions about morbidity and mortality were made by the gray system GM(1,1).

RESULTSDuring the past 10 years, the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer were placed in uptrend slowly. The average morbidity and mortality of lung cancer were 44.75 per 100000 and 41.37 per 100000 respectively, and lung cancer was the first leading cancer for both episode and death of malignant tumors. The proportions of lung cancer were 25.91% and 33.29% for episode and death in all malignant tumors respectively. A half patients with lung cancer was 20-64 years old. Predictive morbidity and mortality of lung cancer would be 47.79/100000 and 44.81/100000 for men and 45.80/100000 and 42.02/100000 for women respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe morbidity and mortality of lung cancer show a slowly increasing trend. Lung cancer is one of main malignant tumors among people of 20-64 years old. The gradually aging population, environmental pollution and individual unhealthy living habits are the important factors of lung cancer increasing.

Objective To study the effect of dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 on the behavior of parkinsonian (PD) rats and on electrophysiological characteristics of the entopeduncular nucleus (EP).Methods Intracranial injection of 6-OHDA was conducted in 23 adult male Wistar rats to create PD animal models (experimental group) while the same amount of normal saline was injected in another 19 rats as a control group.(1) After intraperitoneal injection of SCH23390 at various concentrations of 0.010,0.015,0.020,0.025 and 0.030 mg/kg,the step frequency and the discontinuous moving frequency tests were carried out to determine the optimal concentration and time of intervention at 6 time points (10 main before,and 5～15,20～30,30～40,40～50 and 68～78 min after intervention) when all the rats were put on a treadmill at a speed of 8 r/min.(2) After recording electrodes were implanted into the EP in the rats,the signals of spikes in the EP in still and movement conditions were recorded simultaneously using the 16-Channel OmniPlex Neural Data Acquisition System.The spike signals collected were imported into Offiine Sorter to do cluster-sorting analysis and then into NeuroExplorer to analyze alterations in the firing pattern and firing rate of each type of neuron.(3) Frozen sections of the brain samples harvested by perfusion from the rats in the 2 groups were subjected to Nissl's staining and histological assay.Results (1) The behavioral tests showed that intraperitoneal injection of SCH23390 at 0.020 mg/kg at time points of 20～30 min and 30～40 min was optimal.The step frequency for the experimental group (24.47±1.35 step/min) was significantly decreased compared with that for the control group (30.77±2.06 step/min) (t=7.392,P=0.000).(2) After intervention by SCH23390,in movement and still conditions,the firing rate and variation coefficient of EP neurons were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P＜0.05).(3) The Nissl's staining showed a small number of lightly stained neurons were sparsely disposed in the injured cerebral substantia nigra and the histological assay found altogether 14 rats from which correct EP sites were collected.Conclusions This study demonstrated a negative regulating effect of dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 on the behavior of PD rats,which may be exerted by changing the electrophysiological activity of EP.

DNA barcoding has been widely used for herb identification in recent decades,enabling safety and innovation in the field of herbal medicine.In this article,we summarize recent progress in DNA bar-coding for herbal medicine to provide ideas for the further development and application of this tech-nology.Most importantly,the standard DNA barcode has been extended in two ways.First,while conventional DNA barcodes have been widely promoted for their versatility in the identification of fresh or well-preserved samples,super-barcodes based on plastid genomes have rapidly developed and have shown advantages in species identification at low taxonomic levels.Second,mini-barcodes are attractive because they perform better in cases of degraded DNA from herbal materials.In addition,some mo-lecular techniques,such as high-throughput sequencing and isothermal amplification,are combined with DNA barcodes for species identification,which has expanded the applications of herb identification based on DNA barcoding and brought about the post-DNA-barcoding era.Furthermore,standard and high-species coverage DNA barcode reference libraries have been constructed to provide reference se-quences for species identification,which increases the accuracy and credibility of species discrimination based on DNA barcodes.In summary,DNA barcoding should play a key role in the quality control of traditional herbal medicine and in the international herb trade.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and chemotherapy sensitivity. Methods: Five different region specimens isolated from primary tumor(R1~R5)and 1 specimen(R6)isolated from adjacent non-neoplastic tissue from 10 ESCC patients who underwent surgical treatment were cultured in vitro. The inhibitory effect of cisplatin on proliferation of ESCC cells from different regions was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). The cell cycle and apoptosis induced by cisplatin was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. The mRNA levels of ATP7A and ATP7B were determined by quantitive RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: The result showed that different regions of each specimen exhibited different chemotherapy sensitivity to cisplatin, and the cell survival rates of region R6 of each specimen were higher than other regions from the same specimen. The cell survival rate of region R3 from the tenth specimen was (81.42±8.84)%, which is significantly higher than (11.90±2.75)% of region R5 (P<0.01). FCM analysis showed that significant differences of early apoptosis and later apoptosis were observed in six specimens induced by cisplatin (P<0.05), and significant differences of cell cycle and G₁ period were observed in seven specimens (P<0.05). The qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA level of ATP7A in region R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 was (100.00±3.42)%, (118.10±2.21)%, (75.40±4.15)%, (95.40±3.32)% and (41.70±2.57)%, respectively, with significant differences (P<0.05). The mRNA level of ATP7A in region R6 was (175.20±5.32)%, significantly higher than those of regions from R1 to R5 (P<0.05). The mRNA level of ATP7B in region R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 was (100.00±4.89)%, (73.60±2.65)%, (175.60±6.12)%, (46.10±4.62)% and (363.70±8.67)%, respectively, with significant differences (P<0.05). The mRNA level of ATP7B in region R6 was (1 165.40±7.25)%, significantly higher than those of regions from R1 to R5 (P<0.05). Conclusion The intratumor heterogeneity of ESCC results in the heterogeneity of resistance to cisplatin, which affects the chemotherapeutic effect.