This paper introduces X-ray intensity, absorbed dose, equivalent dose of X- CT radiation and the interaction between X-ray and human body. The theory and formulas related to the measurement of X-CT radiation dose are also involved in.

Objective: To develop a method in the determination of somatostatin level in blood for clinical medication. Methods: A method for the determination of somatostatin(Octreotide) in serum by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector(DAD) was developed.After ultrafiltration,the pH values of blood samples were adjusted to 4,and samples were analyzed by Kromasil C18 column(4.6 mm? 250 mm,5 ?m i.d.) with a large pore(300) by acetonitrile/water/trifluoroacetic acid(20/80/0.01%,v/v) as mobile phase. Results:The recovery rate of Octreotide was 85%,and the calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 0.006-0.5 mg/mL. Conclusion: The method is suitable for the detection of Octreotide content by liquid chromatography.

Objective To design and fabricate realia circuit for rotary anode startup experiment.It is convenient demonstrate the experiment and experimental data.Methods New circuit was designed and fabricated based on the original startup principle.More students have the approach to experiment,training,troubleshooting,operation and use.Results After several years of experiments,testing and teaching,a very good experimental teaching effectiveness is achieved.Conclusion The fabrication of the realia not only ensures the quality of teaching,but maximizes the effectiveness of teaching.

Objective To construct a cDNA expression library of psilgramma menephorn and provide the basis for screening the major allergen and producing recombination allergen of psilgramma menephorn. Methods Total RNA was extracted from the whole body of psilgramma menephorn with TRIZOL mRNA purified with Oligo (dT) Spin-Column. ds cDNA was synthesized through reverse transcription. EcoRI adapters were ligated to the blunt ends and the ends were phosphorylated. The XhoI digestion released EcoRI adapter. The fragments smaller than 400 bp were removed by GHROMA SPIN-400 column and the fragments longer than 400 bp were ligated to the Uni-ZAP XR vector. The lambda library was packaged in vitro and is plated on the E.coli cell line XL1-Blue MRF. The content and recombination rate of cDNA library were tested. The length of the inserted fragments was analyzed by PCR. Results The cDNA expression library contained 5?10 5 recombinants and the recombination rate was 67%. The average length of inserted cDNA fragments was about 1.49 kb. Conclusion The constructed cDNA expression library contains appropriate contents and size of cDNA fragments for screening target cDNA to clone.

Ribs were obtained from 110 individuals undergoing thoracostomy. Bone marrow from these ribswas cultured on agar plates. The average number of cell colonies formed on the agar plates was 164?10.4/2?105 nucleated cells (33.4+-571.6/2?105 nucleated cells). Factors which might affect theculture were counting method for the mono-nucleated cells, the method of cell separation, and the use of horse serum.

Objective To compare the protective effect of trehalose with that of sucrose in lyophilization of red blood cells. Methods Concentrated red blood cells and 30%PVP containing different concentrations (5% ,10% and 15%) of trehalose (or sucrose) were mixed at a ratio of 1 : 3, pre-frozen at - 80℃ for 1h.then lyophilized in freeze-dryer. After lyophilization, the samples were reconstituted and washed in 37℃ isotonic buffer. The experiment was divided into 3 groups: 30%PVP group,trehalose group (containing 5%, 10% and 15% trehalose) and sucrose group (containing 5% , 10% or 15% sucrose). Results After lyophilization and rehydration, the recovery of red blood cells in trehalose groups were (18.86 ?4.63) %, (21.73 ? 7.32) % and (18.01?4.53) % respectively and significantly lower than that of PVP group[(45.97+11.77)%](P

Objective To evaluate the effect of allicin alone or combined with SMZco on murine toxoplasmosis by aspecific, rapid, and sensitive PCR technique. Methods 147 mice were infected with 2?10~4 tachyzoites intraperitoneallyand divided into 5 groups at random. Each group was divided into two sub-groups except an untreated group. One sub-group was used to get samples for PCR test and the other for observing the survival duration. The therapeutic grouping wasas follows: group A, a combination of allicin and SMZco administered orally for 7 days and continued by allicin alone till 21days; group B, the combination administered for 14 days and continued with allicin till 21 days; group C, allicin alone for21 days; group D, SMZco alone for 7 days; group E, untreated control. The dosage was: SMZco 400 mg/(kg?d) and al-licin 35 mg/ (kg?d). PCR test was used to detect the parasites in samples of liver and blood from infected mice at 5, 10, 15,20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 days after infection. Results Parasites were eliminated in the blood because no signal was seen inall the blood samples except for samples from group C at day 5 after infection. From day 10 after infection until the end ofthe experiment, no amplification of DNA was seen in all the samples. As for liver samples, signals were clear at day 5 postinfection. From day 10 post infection till the day 50 post-infection, parasites were still detected, but the PCR products de-creased significantly than that of day 5 post-infection. Result showed that a combination of SMZco with allicin provided asignificant protection. SMZco alone was also effective, but allicin alone was not. Conclusion When SMZco is used incombination with allicin, a much higher efficacy is received in the treatment of acute murine toxoplasmosis.

Objectives To maximize the survival of lyophilized red blood cells after reconstitution.Methods The colloidal and crystalloid osmotic pressures of seven reconstitution solutions,including 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES),5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMS),0.9%NaCl,0.75mol/L Glucose,isotonic buffer ,and hypertonic buffer (5?buffer),were measured. After washing and equilibrating,red blood cells were mixed with protective solution according to the ratio of 1∶3,then pre frozen at -80℃ for 1h,at last,samples were lyophilized in freeze dryer.After lyophilization,the samples were reconstituted in different reconstitution solutions and at different temperatures,the red blood cell recovery was measured.Results After lyophilization and reconstitution,the recovery of red blood cells in 6%HES,10%PVP,and 5%CMS were (93.65?6.18)%,(88.80?9.49)% and (91.34?8.13)%,respectively,and the recovery of hemoglobin were (93.48?4.67)%,(89.02?4.67)%,and (88.79?)5.35% respectively,significantly higher than those of the other groups[(15.56?12.02)%～(27.77?6.48)%,(17.78?10.80)%～(41.50?6.43)%] (P

Objective To observe the effect of midazolam (MID) on amino acid levels in cultured PC12 cells challenged by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and to explore the possible protective action of midazolam which is an anesthetic. Methods Cultured PC12 cells were divided into control group, NMDA group, and MID group. In NMDA group, PC12 cells were challenged by 300?mol/L NMDA in vitro. In MID group, 3?mol/L or 30?mol/L of MID was added to the challenged PC12 cell culture, thus forming two subgroups. After being treated with NMDA 300?mol/L for 4 hours, the PC12 cells were collected, rinsed, levigated and centrifuged (12 000r/min for 20min, at 4℃), then the supernatant liquid was collected. The levels of amino acids were determined with high performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC). Results After exposing to NMDA 300?mol/L for 4 hours, the level of glutamate released from PC12 cells rose significantly, whereas the level of glutamine, aparatate and glycine remained unchanged. In the presence of MID 3?mol/L and 30?mol/L for 4 hours, the level of glutamate was lowered significantly (P

Objective To investigate the effects of dilution of whole blood in vitro with different amount of normal saline on blood coagulation.Methods Nineteen healthy adult volunteers were enrolled in the present study.Venous blood samples obtained from each volunteer were diluted with normal saline in saline/blood ratio(v/v) of 2∶8(20%),3∶7(30%),4∶6(40%),5∶5(50%) and 6∶4(60%).Undiluted blood was considered as control.Coagulability of each group was determined with Sonoclot coagulation and platelet function analyzer,including activated clotting time(ACT),clot rate(CR),time to peak(TP),maximal clot signal(MCS),and platelet function(PF).Results 1) ACT: Compared with control value,ACT was significantly shortened with 20% dilution(P