This paper introduces X-ray intensity, absorbed dose, equivalent dose of X- CT radiation and the interaction between X-ray and human body. The theory and formulas related to the measurement of X-CT radiation dose are also involved in.

Objective To construct a cDNA expression library of psilgramma menephorn and provide the basis for screening the major allergen and producing recombination allergen of psilgramma menephorn. Methods Total RNA was extracted from the whole body of psilgramma menephorn with TRIZOL mRNA purified with Oligo (dT) Spin-Column. ds cDNA was synthesized through reverse transcription. EcoRI adapters were ligated to the blunt ends and the ends were phosphorylated. The XhoI digestion released EcoRI adapter. The fragments smaller than 400 bp were removed by GHROMA SPIN-400 column and the fragments longer than 400 bp were ligated to the Uni-ZAP XR vector. The lambda library was packaged in vitro and is plated on the E.coli cell line XL1-Blue MRF. The content and recombination rate of cDNA library were tested. The length of the inserted fragments was analyzed by PCR. Results The cDNA expression library contained 5?10 5 recombinants and the recombination rate was 67%. The average length of inserted cDNA fragments was about 1.49 kb. Conclusion The constructed cDNA expression library contains appropriate contents and size of cDNA fragments for screening target cDNA to clone.

Objective To design and fabricate realia circuit for rotary anode startup experiment.It is convenient demonstrate the experiment and experimental data.Methods New circuit was designed and fabricated based on the original startup principle.More students have the approach to experiment,training,troubleshooting,operation and use.Results After several years of experiments,testing and teaching,a very good experimental teaching effectiveness is achieved.Conclusion The fabrication of the realia not only ensures the quality of teaching,but maximizes the effectiveness of teaching.

Objective: To develop a method in the determination of somatostatin level in blood for clinical medication. Methods: A method for the determination of somatostatin(Octreotide) in serum by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector(DAD) was developed.After ultrafiltration,the pH values of blood samples were adjusted to 4,and samples were analyzed by Kromasil C18 column(4.6 mm? 250 mm,5 ?m i.d.) with a large pore(300) by acetonitrile/water/trifluoroacetic acid(20/80/0.01%,v/v) as mobile phase. Results:The recovery rate of Octreotide was 85%,and the calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 0.006-0.5 mg/mL. Conclusion: The method is suitable for the detection of Octreotide content by liquid chromatography.

Ribs were obtained from 110 individuals undergoing thoracostomy. Bone marrow from these ribswas cultured on agar plates. The average number of cell colonies formed on the agar plates was 164?10.4/2?105 nucleated cells (33.4+-571.6/2?105 nucleated cells). Factors which might affect theculture were counting method for the mono-nucleated cells, the method of cell separation, and the use of horse serum.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of sequential telbivudine ( LDT) therapy following interferon-α( IFN-α) in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive chronic hepatitis B patients.Methods 94 chronic hepatitis B patients in our hospital hepatitis clinic archives from August 2008 to September 2013 were divided into two groups, 45 patients treated with LDT following IFN-αdue to unsatisfactory response to peginterferon-α-2a (peg-IFN-α-2a)treatment in the sequential group and 49 patients treated with LDT initially in the controlled group.In the sequential group, 22 patients failed to respond to IFN-αtreatment, 4 patients obtained IFN-resistance, 6 patients developed severe side effects, 1 patients had pre-C mutation and 12 patients switched to LDT due to economic factors or fertility requirement.The biochemical response and virological response, virological breakthrough and serological response were observed.Chi-square test was adapted for data analysis.Results After 32.35 months of LDT therapy, 88.9%(40/45) patients had with HBV-DNA <100 IU/mL in the experiment group compared with 44.9%(22/49) patients in the control group (P<0.05).The rates of HBeAg loss and HBeAg seroconversion in the experiment group were 53.3%(24/45) and 51.1%(23/45) respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the control group, 24.5%(12/49) and 24.5% (12/49) (P<0.05).6.7% (3/45) patients developed virological breakthrough in the sequential group compared with 34.7%(17/49) in the control group (P<0.05).Above results suggested the synergistic antiviral activity between peg-IFN-α-2a and LDT.Conclusion Sequential LDT therapy following peg-IFN-α-2a is better efficacy and safety compared with treating patients with LDT alone initially.

Objective To observe the effect of midazolam (MID) on amino acid levels in cultured PC12 cells challenged by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and to explore the possible protective action of midazolam which is an anesthetic. Methods Cultured PC12 cells were divided into control group, NMDA group, and MID group. In NMDA group, PC12 cells were challenged by 300?mol/L NMDA in vitro. In MID group, 3?mol/L or 30?mol/L of MID was added to the challenged PC12 cell culture, thus forming two subgroups. After being treated with NMDA 300?mol/L for 4 hours, the PC12 cells were collected, rinsed, levigated and centrifuged (12 000r/min for 20min, at 4℃), then the supernatant liquid was collected. The levels of amino acids were determined with high performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC). Results After exposing to NMDA 300?mol/L for 4 hours, the level of glutamate released from PC12 cells rose significantly, whereas the level of glutamine, aparatate and glycine remained unchanged. In the presence of MID 3?mol/L and 30?mol/L for 4 hours, the level of glutamate was lowered significantly (P

Objective To investigate the effects of dilution of whole blood in vitro with different amount of normal saline on blood coagulation.Methods Nineteen healthy adult volunteers were enrolled in the present study.Venous blood samples obtained from each volunteer were diluted with normal saline in saline/blood ratio(v/v) of 2∶8(20%),3∶7(30%),4∶6(40%),5∶5(50%) and 6∶4(60%).Undiluted blood was considered as control.Coagulability of each group was determined with Sonoclot coagulation and platelet function analyzer,including activated clotting time(ACT),clot rate(CR),time to peak(TP),maximal clot signal(MCS),and platelet function(PF).Results 1) ACT: Compared with control value,ACT was significantly shortened with 20% dilution(P

Objective To investigate the features of clinical pathology,phenotye and differential diagnosis of thyroid follicular carcinoma-like renal tumor.Methods A 25-year-old female patient was hospitalized in February 28,2011 because of hypertension for 20 months.Physical examination revealed a right renal space-occupying lesions without percussion pain.Blood pressure was 200/130 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa).Thyroid,heart,lung,and abdominal examination showed no abnormalities.Blood,urine routine,biochemical examination,blood catecholamines,and thyroid function test results were normal.CT examination showed that a visible circular nodules with clear boundary was in the upper pole of the right kidney,and the maximum section about 2.2 cm × 3.0 cm withuneven density andrenal artery was pressed down.Clinical diagnosis was right renal tumor,and right renal tumor was removed under general anesthesia.Intraoperative tumor was located in the right renal hilumwithclear boundary,and the surrounding mild adhesions.Postoperative blood pressure wasnormal.Results General inspection of the specimen:a 2.5 cm diametermasswith intact capsule.The color of the section of the mass is gray red and gray.Multiple small cysts are seen in the section and the cysts contain jelly material.Microscope inspection:the tumor tissue is arranged like thyroid follicular and the follicular contains much acidophil colloid.Immunohistochemistry:the tumor cell is EMA (+),Vimtin (+),CK7 (+),CK20 (+),CD117 (-),TTF-1 (-),TG (-),CgA (-),Syn (-).Conclusions Thyroid follicular carcinoma-like renal tumors is a very rare kidney epithelial cell tumor,which is attributable to any known subtypes of renal cell carcinoma.To improve the understanding of it can avoid misdiagnosis and prevent inappropriate treatment.

Objective To investigate the protective and therapeutic effect of large doses of vitamin C on the acute lung injury in the model of rabbits induced by oleic acid. Methods A total of 18 rabbits were divided into four group randomly: control group(CG); oleic acid group(OG); preventive group(PG) and treatment group(TG). Oxygen pressure in arterial blood (PaO_(2)), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in blood were measured in 0, 30, 90 and 150min, respectively. All the animals were killed in 150min later. Total protein in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and wet dry weight ratio of the right lung were measured, and the left lung sample was treated by formaldehyde for pathological test. Results PaO_(2), SOD in PG group and TG group were significantly higher than that in OG group(P