Objective To analyse the efficacy of hysteroscopic resection and norethisterone in abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods 38 cases of submucos myoma of uterine body,26 cases of endometrium polyps and 16 cases of complex hyperplasis of endometrium were treated with hysteroscopic resection,and all the cases take norethisterone for one month before hysteroscopic resection and go on taking norethisterone for three months after operation.All the cases were followed up with the improvement of symptoms and the chang of uterine cavity.Results All the cases were followed up for 3～18 months after operation.The efficacy of submucous myoma of uterine body was 92.10%(36/38) and that of endometrium polyps was 84.61%(22/26) and that of complex hyperplasis of endometrium was 93.75%(15/16).Conclusion The treatment of hysteroscopic resection and norethisterone in submucous myoma,endometrium polyps and complex hyperplasis has advantages of satisfied results,slight trauma,fast recovery and fewer recurrence relapse.

1?cm group as compared with cm group compared with CDFI group (74.4% vs. 44.2%, P

Objective To develop questionnaires to indentify research motivation and its related psychological factors for medical postgraduates.Methods The questionnaire was developed based on previous literature and case interview by using self-determination theory as the theoretical framework.Delphi method and stratified factor analysis were used to examine the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results The questionnaires included 2 sections:research motivation questionnaire and related psychological factors questionnaire.The Cranach's α of each questionnaire was 0.89 and 0.90 and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.74 and 0.80.The content validity (CVI) of each questionnaire was 0.958 and 0.935,and stratified factor analysis demonstrated that the items of each dimension could account for more than 40％ of the accumulated variance.Conclusion The questionnaires have good reliability and validity and could be applied.

The rules of conductance parameters on diseased breast tissue, which change with the driven frequency, are studied by use of electrical impedance scanning. This work is intended to provide a basis for further examination of breast. We have obtained conductance parameters' frequency characteristic of three kinds of breast diseases, i.e. invasive ductal carcinoma, neoplastic hyperplasia, and mastopathia. And by comparison, we find that the frequency characteristic of the diseased breast tissues is different from that of the peripheral normal tissues, and the frequency characteristic shows differences among the three kinds of diseased breast tissues. So, we are able to identify the kind of breast disease by its frequency characteristic.
Breast Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; diagnosis ; Electric Impedance ; Electronics, Medical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; diagnosis

To fit the technological requirements in electrical impedance tomography system, an improved bipolar optocoupler isolation amplifier based on single analog optocoupler was realized. The experimental results illustrates that the full power -3dB bandwidth of this circuit is greater than 800 KHz, the equivalent output noise is lower than 50 uV(RMS), and the linearity at +/- 4 V inputs is lower than 0.01%. In addition to these features, the circuit also have the advantages of simple structure and no distortion caused by mismatch between analog optocouplers.
Amplifiers, Electronic ; Electric Impedance ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Tomography ; instrumentation

Objective To study the application of refined nursing intervention in prevention of postoperative urethral stricture in patients with hypospadias.Methods A total of 144 patients who underwent hypospadias surgery in our hospital were selected as study subjects,and were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method,with 72 cases per group.Both groups were treated with targeted surgery according to severity and different sites of hypospadias.The patients in the control group performed routine nursing intervention during the perioperative period,while the patients in the observation group were given refined nursing intervention on the basis of the control group.The response rate,incidence rates of postoperative complications and hypospadias were evaluated.Results The total response rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).After nursing,the incidence rate of postoperative complications such as bleeding,urinary fistula,infection,and urine extravasation was lower in the observation group than that in the control group[6.94％ (5/72) vs.(18.06％) (13/72),P ＜0.05).After nursing,the total incidence rate of mild and severe urethral stricture in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [(2.78％ (2/72) vs.12.50％ (9/72),P＜0.05).Conclusion Refined nursing intervention for patients with hypospadias can effectively enhance treatment efficacy,reduce postoperative complications,and prevent urethral stricture,thereby to improve the prognosis of the disease.

Objective To study the application of refined nursing intervention in prevention of postoperative urethral stricture in patients with hypospadias.Methods A total of 144 patients who underwent hypospadias surgery in our hospital were selected as study subjects,and were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method,with 72 cases per group.Both groups were treated with targeted surgery according to severity and different sites of hypospadias.The patients in the control group performed routine nursing intervention during the perioperative period,while the patients in the observation group were given refined nursing intervention on the basis of the control group.The response rate,incidence rates of postoperative complications and hypospadias were evaluated.Results The total response rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).After nursing,the incidence rate of postoperative complications such as bleeding,urinary fistula,infection,and urine extravasation was lower in the observation group than that in the control group[6.94％ (5/72) vs.(18.06％) (13/72),P ＜0.05).After nursing,the total incidence rate of mild and severe urethral stricture in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [(2.78％ (2/72) vs.12.50％ (9/72),P＜0.05).Conclusion Refined nursing intervention for patients with hypospadias can effectively enhance treatment efficacy,reduce postoperative complications,and prevent urethral stricture,thereby to improve the prognosis of the disease.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety between recombinant human parathyroid hormone ( rhPTH) ( 1 -34) and elcatonin in the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in China.Methods This 6 month, multicenter, randomized and controlled study enrolled 205 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.They were randomized to receive either rhPTH (1 -34) 20 μg (200 U) daily or elcatonin 20 U weekly.Lumbar spine (L1-4 ) and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured. In the meantime adverse events were recorded. Results The results showed that both rhPTH ( 1 -34) and elcatonin increased L1-4 BMD significantly at the endpoint of the study, but femoral neck BMD did not change significantly.From baseline to endpoint, BMD of L1-4 and femoral neck in the rhPTH( 1-34) group increased by 5.51% (P <0.01) and 0.65% (P >0.05), but BMD of L1-4 and femoral neck in elcatonin group increased by 1.55% (P <0.05) and 0.11% (P>0.05).Moreover, the rhPTH(1-34) group had better improvement in L1-4 BMD than the elcatonin group at 3, 6 months, but there was no difference of BMD in these two groups with regard to femoral neck.There were greater mean increases of the bone markers in the rhPTH( 1-34) group than those in the elcatonin group at 3, 6 months [serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ( BSAP) 36.79% vs 0.31% ; 92.42% vs -0.17% ; the ratio of urine N-telopeptide of type I collagen and creatinine (NTX/Cr) 48.91% vs -5.32% ; 68.82% vs - 10.86%].Both kinds of treatment were well tolerated and there were no differences between the two groups in the rates of adverse events and serious adverse events.Conclusion It is concluded that rhPTH (1 -34) has more positive effects on bone formation than elcatonin as shown by the greater increments of L1-4 BMD and bone formation markers and the less occurrence of adverse events as well as no significant change in hepatic, renal or hemopoietic function.

OBJECTIVETo report a rare case of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) with kernicterus caused by anti-Di(a) diagnosed using high-throughput genotyping multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).

METHODSConventional serological methods were used to detect the antibodies related with HDN. The genotypes of more than 40 red blood cell antigens for the newborn and her parents were obtained using the high-throughput MLPA assay. The antibody titers were tested using a standard serological method.

RESULTSThe unknown antibody against the low-frequency antigens was predicted based on the primary serological tests. The genotyping results for more than 40 red blood cell antigens of the newborn and her parents showed incompatible antigens of MNS and Diego blood group system, indicating the existence of anti-N or anti-Di(a). Further serological tests confirmed anti-Di(a) existence in the plasma of the newborn and her mother. The titer of anti-Di(a) in the mother's plasma was 1:32.

CONCLUSIONSevere HDN including kernicterus can result from anti-Di(a). High-throughput genotyping MLPA assay can help type some rare antigens in complicated cases. The reagent red cell panels including Di(a)-positive cells are necessary in routine antibody screening test in Chinese population.

Blood Group Incompatibility ; genetics ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; genetics ; immunology ; Rho(D) Immune Globulin ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of glimepiride treatment as initial monotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods This was a subgroup analysis of the GREAT study,which investigated the efficacy and safety of glimepiride as initial monotherapy in Chinese patients with T2DM.This analysis was performed in 209 patients with disease duration less than 6 months and never received any anti-diabetic drugs.The change of HbA1C,fasting plasm glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPPG),homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function index (HOMA-β),homeostasis model assessment for insulin-resistance index(HOMA-IR),the percentage of patients with HbA1C ＜ 7.0％ at endpoint and the incidence of hypoglycemia were evaluated after 16-weeks treatment.Results After 16-weeks glimepiride treatment,HbA1C value reduced significantly from baseline to endpoint,the reduction was statistically significant (9.21％ ± 1.65％ to 6.69％±0.83％,P＜0.001),69.7％ of the patients achieved HbA1C ＜7.0％ at study endpoint.Glimepiride-treated patients also achieved a significant improvement in FPG [from (10.15 ± 2.13) mmol/L to (7.23 ± 1.50) mmol/L,P＜0.001] and 2hPPG [from (17.21 ±4.14) mmol/L to (11.62 ± 3.34) mmol/L].HOMA-β was improved from 17.21± 15.19 [11.62 (2.90,115.8)] to 41.13 ± 44.12 [28.00 (5.1,360.00)],and HOMA-IR was reduced from 2.32± 1.90 [1.76 (0.60,12.80)] to 2.07 ± 1.74 [1.63 (0.4,12.3)].The incidence of all reported symptomatic hypoglycemia was 18.2％,and the incidence of confirmed hypoglycemia was 3.8％.Conclusion This analysis showed that glimepiride treatment as an initial mono-therapy could effectively improve blood glucose control in newly diagnosed patients with T2DM,and the treatment may improve islet β cell function,and the safety profile is reasonably good.