Recurrent cerebral infarction (RCI) is very common in clinical practice. Intracranial and extracranial vessels diseases closely associate with the recurrence of cerebral infarction. Hypertension, diabetes, high homocysteine, etc., result in vascular stenosis and more in-farction recurrence by atherosclerosis and arterial plaque formation. Study of the etiology of RCI is important for the secondary prevention of cerebral infarction.

AIM To study the effects of PDB on blood glucose. METHODS 3 groups of health mice and 3 groups of model mice were administered with high, mean and low doses of PDB compatibility groups (combined with glibenclamide 0.66 mg?kg -1) respectively for 15 days. The blood goucose variation of health and model mice was observed. RESULTS A low dose of PDB compatibility group decreased obviously blood glucose in the health mice. Its mean value was(3.10?0.14), while control group's blood glucose was 4.46?0.12, P

OBJECTIVE:To discuss clinical efficacy and safety of leuprolide acetate in the treatment of endometriosis. METH-ODS:66 endometriosis patients were divided into observation group(37 cases)and control group(29 cases)according to random number table method. Observation group was treated with Leuprolide acetate microsphere for injection,3.75 mg/time,on the upper arm,abdomen or buttocks since the first-fifth day of menstrual cycle(administration time was available at hysterectomized patients disposal),and then every 4 weeks;one administration was recognized as a treatment course. Control group was treated with Ethi-nyl estradiol cyproterone tablet orally,1 tablets per day for 3 weeks,one week drug withdrawal,as a treatment course. 2 groups were given 3-5 courses of treatment according to their tolerance or the improvement of clinical symptoms. The improvement of clini-cal symptoms were compared between 2 groups,and the levels of FSH,LH and E2 were compared before and after treatment;the occurrence of ADR and the time of the return of menses were recorded. RESULTS:2 patients in observation group and 1 patient in control group withdrew from the test. After treatment,total effective rate was 97.14% in observation group,which was significant-ly higher than 75.00% in control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical signifi-cance in the levels of FSH,LH and E2 between 2 groups (P>0.05). After treatment,the levels of FSH,LH and E2 were de-creased significantly,and the observation group was more significant than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Total incidence of ADR was 20.00% in observation group,compared to control group (21.42%),there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). The time of the return of menses in observation group was (89.75 ± 3.34) d after drug withdrawal,com-pared to control group [(88.46±2.94)d],there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Leuprolide acetate can effectively improve clinical symptoms of patients with endometriosis,and reduce the levels of FSH,LH and E2 with slight ADR, and it doesn’t influence the time of the return of menses.

Objective To study the setup errors in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for thoracic esophageal carcinoma using electronic portal imaging device(EPID) and calculate the margins from CTV to PTV. Methods Forty-one patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma who received 3DCRT were continuously enrolled into this study. The anterior and lateral electronic portal images (EPI) were aquired by EPID once a week. The setup errors were obtained through comparing the difference between EPI and digitally reconstructed radiographs(DRR). Then the setup margins from CTV to PTV were calculat-ed. By using self paired design,22 patients received definitive radiotherapy with different margins. Group A: the margins were 10 mm in all the three axes;Group B: the margins were aquired in this study. The differ-ence were compared by Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The margins from CTV to PTV in x,y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. Between the group A and group B, the difference of the maximum dose of the spinal cord was significant(4638.7 cGy±1449.6 cGy vs. 4310.2 cGy±1528.7 cGy; t=5.48, P=0.000), and the difference of NTCP for the spinal cord was also significant (4.82%±5.99% vs. 3.64%±4.70%;Z=-2.70,P=0.007). Conclusions For patients with tho-racic esophageal carcinoma who receive 3DCRT in author's department,the margins from CTV to PTV in x, y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. The spinal cord could be better protected by using these setup margins than using 10 mm in each axis.

Objective To investigate the reliability and validity of Simple Facial Grading System (SFGS) in patients with idiopathic facial palsy. Methods 80 patients with idiopathic facial palsy were evaluated with the House-Brackmann (H-B) scale and SFGS before and every 2 weeks after treatment until 12 weeks or recovery. They were assessed by 2 testers before and 2 weeks after treatment. The results were analyzed and compared. Results The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.93 of SFGS, and 0.74 of H-B scale. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between testers was 0.84 or higher of SFGS, and 0.77 or higher of H-B scale. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between SFGS and H-B scale was 0.73, Kappa coefficients was 0.81 for grade II, 0.74 for grade III, 0.49 for grade IV, 0.66 for grade V, and 0.92 for grade VI. The scores of SFGS and H-B scale positively correlated with the recovery time. Conclusion SFGS is a kind of evaluation for peripheral facial paralysis with satisified reliability and validity, which can be applied to evaluate the severity and outcome during acute stage.

Objective:To investigate the effect of growth hormone on osteopontin expression during orthodontic tooth movement in rats.Methods:Forty male Wistar rats (2 weeks,average weight 200 g) were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group (n=20 per group).The experimental group received subcutaneous injections of growth hormone at a dose of 0.15 U/(kg·d),and the control group received equivalent volumes of saline.A nickel-titanium spring was fixed between the maxillary incisors and the left upper first molar with a force of 0.49 N to move the molar mesially.All rats were sacrificed on day 3,7,10 or 14 with cardiac perfusion.And the left side of upper jaw was removed.The longitudinal section of the first molar was prepared from sagittal direction to observe osteopontin expression in the pressure area between the mesial buccal root and distal buccal root by immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative analysis.Results:The positive expression of osteopontin in the 2 groups showed similar trend,which was increased firstly and then was decreased.The expression of osteopontin on day 7 in the experimental group showed strong positive expression but it was decreased significantly on day 10 compared with the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Systemic application of growth hormone could affect the expression of osteopontin and probably plays an important role in regulating bone resorption in the compression area during orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and bone metabolism markers. Methods: By using the method of cluster sampling, a total of 1 084 adolescents aged 12 to 18 from one middle school in Yinchuan were investigated by questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory examination during sept. to Dec., 2018. Results: BMI, WC and WHtR were significantly negatively correlated with Ca (r=-0.10, -0.15, -0.15, P<0.05), and WC was negatively correlated with β-CTX(r=-0.06 P<0.05). After adjusting for age, sex and vitamin D supplementation, WC had significant effects on Ca and β-CTX(β=-0.33, -0.22, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between different types of obesity and the level of OC(P>0.05). The level of serum β-CTX in obese students was 1.93 times higher than that in normal students, Ca serum levels of obese students was 0.31 times higher than that in normal students that in abdominal obese students (defined as WC) was 0.54 times higher than that in normal students. Conclusion BMI, WC and WHtR were correlated with OC, β-CTX and Ca in adolescents in Yinchuan city, and WC was more closely related to Ca and β-CTX, suggesting that obesity has a negative effect on bone absorption.

Ischemic stroke has the characteristics of high disability,high mortality,and high recurrence rate,and the abundant collateral circulation is an independent predictor of good outcomes in stroke.This article mainly elaborates the cytological and molecular mechanisms of vascular remodeling process after ischemic stroke in order to provide new ideas and targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Homocysteine is a risk factor for ischemic stroke.The association between homocysteine and ischemic stroke has been becoming a hot spot of research all over the world,but has not yet got a consistent result up to now.In this article,we reviewed the pathogenic mechanism,intervention,new treatment strategies,and summarized the current progress of the association of homocysteine with ischemic stroke.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of reperfusion therapy in patients with wake-up stroke (WUS) under the guidance of "tissue-window" by comparing with patients with non-WUS who received reperfusion therapy within "time-window".Methods:Two hundred and thirty-five acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled in our study. Patients with non-WUS received reperfusion therapy within "time-window"; patients with WUS accepted multimodal CT examination at Emergency right after admission, Mistar software was used to reconstruct CT perfusion imaging (CTP) images, and reperfusion therapy was given to these patients after the judgement of "tissue-window". The differences of clinical data, prognoses, and safety indexes were compared between patients with WUS and non-WUS.Results:In these 235 patients, 45 patients were with WUS and 190 were with non-WUS. As compared with patients with non-WUS, those with WUS had significantly lower percentages of patients with hypertension history and patients accepted intravenous thrombolysis ( P<0.05). In 153 patients accepted intravenous thrombolysis, 23 patients were with WUS and 130 were with non-WUS; the time from admission to intravenous thrombolysis in WUS patients was significantly longer than that in non-WUS patients ( P<0.05); the clinical data, prognoses, and safety indexes showed no significant differences between these patients with WUS and non-WUS ( P>0.05). In 82 patients accepted bridging thrombectomy and direct thrombectomy, 22 patients were with WUS and 60 were with non-WUS; the clinical data, prognoses, and safety indexes showed no significant differences between these patients with WUS and non-WUS ( P>0.05). Conclusion:By comparing with patients with non-WUS who received reperfusion therapy within "time-window", reperfusion therapy is effective and safe for WUS patients under the guidance of multimodal CT "tissue-window".