OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristic of cervical lymph node metastasis of pyriform sinus carcinoma. METHOD: One hundred and two pyriform sinus carcinoma patients who accepted treatments in the EENT Hospital of Fudan University from 1990 to 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. All of them did not have any treatment and received surgical treatment in our hospital. Stage was made according to the standard of International Union Against Cancer (UICC)in 1997. The distribution of cervical lymph node was confirmed by CT scanning and pathology. RESULT: The rates of lymph node metastasis were 16.7% , 59.4%, 70.8% and 63.6% for patients with T1 disease, T2, T3 and T4 (P <0.05), respectively, and 62.7% (64/102) for the whole patients. The bilateral metastasis rate were 2.70% (1/37), 12.5% (6/48) and 18.1% (2/11) for T2, T3 and T1, respectively (P <0.05). The occurrence of cervical lymph node metastasis was 3.87% in the level I , 33.55% in the level II, 30.97% in the level III, 25.16% in the level IV, 5.16% in the level V, 1.29% in the level VI (P <0.05). Fourteen patients with cN0 stage had modified neck dissection and 10 patients had lymph node metastasis (71.4%). The lymph node metastasis of cN0 and cN1 was all in the level II, level III and level IV. And cN2 and cN3 also had some in the level I, level V and level VI. CONCLUSION T2, T3 and T4 all had high rates for lymph node metastasis while T3, T4 were easier for contralateral metastasis. T3, T4 and contralateral metastasis were easier to surpassing the lymph node envelope. The lymph node metastasis of cN0 and cN1 was all in the level II, level III and level IV. And cN2 and cN3 also had some in the level I, level V and level VI.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pyriform Sinus ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies

Objective Benzothiazole derivative BD960 has immunosuppressive activity after cell -based assays for high-throughput screening.The paper aimed to investigate the involved mechanism of BD960 on T cell proliferation. Methods Human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were isolated and purified by the immunomagnetic microbeads.Then the T cells were activated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs or alloantigen.The effect of BD960 on activa-ted T cell proliferation, the cytotoxic effect BD960 on resting T cells and the expression of activated T cells marker CD25 were measured by flow cytometer.Cytokine levels, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and IFN-γ, were determined by ELISA. Results BD960 significantly inhibited the proliferation of T cells stimulated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb or alloantigen in a dose-dependent manner.The IC50 value is (2.3 ±0.3)μmol/L or (2.5 ±0.3)μmol/L, respectively.Moreover, BD960 had no obvious cytotoxic effects on rest-ing T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, even at a high concentration ( up to 100μmol/L) .The ratio of CD25 expression on T cell was 69.7%after stimulated by Anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs with 72 h, the concentration (0.625、2.5、10)μmol/L of BD960 also had no potent effects on the ratio, but 0.1μmol/L FK506 could inhibit CD25 expression as low as 9.4%.The G0/G1 phase of activated T cells was 58.5%after stimulated by BD960 with 96 h.BD960 could induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in activated T cells with the increase of concentration and RAPA in the concentration of 0.1 μmol/L was 91.5%.In addition, BD960 (0.625、2.5、10)μmol/L could inhibit the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-17 in activated T cells with the increase of concentration, without any effects on the secretion of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. Conclusion BD960 not only exerts the inhibition on the late stage of T cell activation of cell proliferation but also inhibits the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-17 and IFN-γ, while the mechanism of BD960 on T cell proliferation was not the same as FK506.As a result, BD960 has the potential to be the lead compound to develop a new immunosuppressant.