ObjectiveTo explore the influence of mental abacus calculation (MAC) training on children's form recognition.Methods 28 children ( 14 children with MAC training and 14 children with non-MAC traning)were investigated by using event-related potential(ERP) technology.The event-related potentials were recorded when subjects were in the different form shape recognition.Results ( 1 ) The amplitudes of the posterior P1 evoked by the children with MAC training ( (9.59 ± 3.58) μV) were significantly greater than that of the children without MAC training ( (7.06 ± 2.84) μV) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).(2) The amplitudes of right temporal-posterior N170 of children with MAC( ( -9.83 ±2.97) μV) were markedly less than that of children with non-MAC( ( - 12.45 ±2.51 ) μV) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).( 3 ) The amplitudes of prefrontal P3 of children with MAC ( (7.65 ± 2.25 ) μV) were remarkably greater than that of children with non-MAC ( (4.89 ± 3.35 ) μV) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe brain function of form recognition in children is influenced by mental abacus calculation training.

Objective To investigate the timing and value of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as a weaning tool immediately after early extubation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted.The ARDS patients with surgical diseases admitted to Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled.The patients were randomly divided into sequential group and control group.All patients underwent endotracheal intubation and were mechanically ventilated.Every 12 hours during the first 3 days,the lung recruitment maneuver was performed during pressure control ventilation (PCV).After lung recruitment,all patients were ventilated with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) + pressure support ventilation (PSV) + positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or assistant/control ventilation (A/C).The objects in sequential group who met the following criteria including those with oxygen index (PaO2/FiO2) reaching 200-250 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) under PEEP of 8 cmH2O (1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa),and pressure support of 12 cmH2O,and most acute infiltrating lesions having resolved on chest imaging,received noninvasive ventilation (NIV) immediately after extubation,and patients in control group continued to have invasive mechanical ventilation via intubation or tracheostomy with an endotracheal tube.The baseline data in both groups and the number of re-intubation in the sequential group were recorded.The duration of invasive mechanical ventilation and total duration of mechanical ventilation,ICU length of stay,the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP),and mortality rate were compared between the two groups.Results 53 consecutive adult patients were enrolled,including 26 in sequential group and 27 cases in control group.The period of endotracheal intubation was 7.0 (6.8,9.5) days,and 7.7％ (2/26) patients underwent re-intubation in sequential group.There were significant difference in respiratory and circulatory indicators before extubation spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) ≤10 minutes in sequential group,indicating that the patients were still in the early stage of extubation sequential NIV.There was no significant difference in indices reflecting respiratory function and circulation between the two groups,except that respiratory rate at 1 hour was slightly increased in sequential group as compared with that of control group,indicating that sequential NIV could maintain invasive ventilation function.There was significant difference in duration of invasive mechanical ventilation [days:7.0 (6.8,9.5) vs.21.0 (17.0,25.0),Z=-6.048,P=0.000],duration of total mechanical ventilation (days:18.0 ± 4.1 vs.22.0 ± 7.3,t=-2.805,P=0.008),and length of ICU stay (days:21.0 ± 4.1 vs.28.0 ± 8.1,t=-4.012,P=0.000) between sequential group and control group,but there was no significant differences in the incidence of VAP [15.4％ (4/26) vs.29.6 (8/27),x2=1.535,P=0.215] and mortality rate [7.7％ (2/26) vs.18.5％ (5/27),P=0.420].Conclusion When PaO2/FiO2 reached 200-250 mmHg under the condition of low ventilation,sequential NIV facilitates the early discontinuation of mechanical ventilation in ARDS patients with surgical diseases,with shortening of duration of invasive mechanical ventilation,total mechanical ventilation,and the length of ICU stay.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of invasive-noninvasive sequential mechanical ventilation (MV) in senile patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods A prospective study was conducted. The patients with severe CAP aged≥ 75 years admitted to Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from November 2012 to July 2014, with refusal to have tracheostomy, were enrolled. All patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of CAP and severe CAP were first admitted into the Department of Emergency, and they were found to need MV without absolute contraindication for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in RICU. The patients were mechanically ventilated via endotracheal intubation (ETI), and they were randomly divided into invasive-noninvasive sequential MV group (sequential MV group) and conventional MV group. NIV was initiated immediately when patients matched the conditions for early extubation in the sequential MV group. Oxygen therapy (5 L/min) via a Venturi mask was provided when the indications of conventional extubation were met. The baseline data and clinical characteristics were recorded, the risk factors of death were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and 60-day survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve. Results Ninety-one senile patients with severe CAP were enrolled, among them 28 patients died within 60 days, with a mortality rate of 30.77%. No significant difference in 60-day mortality was found between sequential MV group (n = 44) and conventional MV group [n = 47, 25.0% (11/44) vs. 36.2% (17/47),χ2 = 1.331,P = 0.249]. In the sequential MV group, the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was significantly decreased [27.3%(12/44) vs. 55.3% (26/47),χ2 = 7.350,P = 0.007], and the rate of ETI≥2 times was increased [59.1% (26/44) vs. 29.8% (14/47),χ2 = 5.095,P = 0.024] as compared with conventional MV group. Compared with survival group, the patients in non-survival group showed a higher incidence of cerebrovascular disease (60.7% vs. 25.4%,P = 0.002), higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) score (26.46±2.59 vs. 24.41±2.47,P = 0.001), British Thoracic Society confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, blood pressure,≥75 years (CURB-75 score, 4.00±0.47 vs. 3.68±0.53,P = 0.013), a longer total duration of MV (days: 21.18±10.02 vs. 14.56±7.62,P = 0.002), and a higher ratio of ETI≥ 2 times (53.6% vs. 33.3%,P< 0.001). It was revealed by multivariate logistic regression analysis that ETI≥ 2 times and comorbidity of cerebrovascular infarction were independent predictors of a worse outcome in the senile patients [odds ratio (OR) = 9.677, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 3.075 - 30.457,P< 0.001;OR = 5.386, 95%CI = 1.781 - 6.284,P = 0.003]. It was showed by Kaplan-Meir survival analysis that ETI times and concurrent cerebrovascular infarction imparted significant effects on the 60-day survival rate (χ2 = 40.805,P= 0.000;χ2 = 4.425, P = 0.035).ConclusionInvasive-noninvasive sequential MV may not improve the outcome of senile patients with severe CAP, and ETI≥ 2 times and concurrent cerebrovascular disorders drastically lowered the survival rate.

A gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase microextraction method ( SPME-GC/QQQ) was developed for the determination of chlorinated anilines ( CAs) residues in soil. The multi-reaction monitoring ( MRM ) parameters were optimized. The SPME conditions such as amount of soil sample, volume of added water, extraction temperature and absorption time were investigated. Optimum SPME conditions including 8 g of soil sample, 4 mL of water, 80℃ of extraction temperature and 40 min of absorption time were employed in the experiment. Method detection limits were within the range of 1-10 pg/g, while linearities were within the range of 5-1000 pg/g. Under the optimized conditions, the soil samples spiked with 200 pg/g targets were determined with recoveries of 96. 8%-144. 2%and relative standard deviations of 13 . 4%-27 . 8% ( n=5 ) . The proposed method combines simplicity and rapidity of SPME and high selectivity of MRM. It is especially suitable for the quick screening and determination of trace amounts of chlorinated anilines residues in soil.

Synaptic injury exists in the early period of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), and it is closely correlated with the cognitive dysfunction, however, its specific mechanism remains unclear. To study the plasticity of synaptic morphological structure, the plasticity of the efficiency of synaptic transmission as well as the role and mechanism of synapic proteins in the onset of VCI will help to further clarify the pathogenesis of VCI, and thus more effectively combat VCI.

BACKGROUND:Because macrophages play an important role in the body’s inflammatory response, the detection of the impact of biological materials on the behavior of macrophages can assess the immunogenicity of materials. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the activation effect of decelularized extracelular matrix materials on macrophages. METHODS: The peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mouse were obtained and cultured by dividing into five groups. Control group was simple cel culture group, experimental group 1 was acelular matrix membrane material directly contacting with macrophage for culture, experimental group 2 was fresh pericardial material directly contacting with the macrophage for culture, experimental group 3 was acelular matrix membrane material indirectly contacting with macrophages for culture, experimental group 4 was fresh pericardium material indirectly contacting with macrophages for culture. After 24 hours of culture, the secretion of nitric oxide and cytokines in cel culture supernatant was determined. After 48 hours of culture, the absorbance value was determined by MTT method and the toxicity grading was determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The toxicity grading in experimental groups 1-4 was respectively grades 2, 4, 0, 2. The nitric oxide level in experimental groups 1 and 2 was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the nitric oxide level in the experimental group 2 was higher than that in the experimental group 1 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in interleukin-2, interleukin-4,interferon γ, interleukin-17A and interleukin-10 levels between these five groups. The interleukin-6 level in the experimental group 2 was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); The expression levels of tumor necrosis factors in experimental group 1, 2 and 4 were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and experimental group 2 higher than the experimental group 1 (P < 0.05), experimental group 1 higher than the experimental group 4 (P < 0.05). These results show that acelular matrix material can activate macrophages in direct contact.

Objective:To detect the activation of NF AT and AP 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and investigate their relationship with serum ANA,anti dsDNA antibody,ESR,CRP and C 3.Methods:Activation of NF AT and AP 1 were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA).Results:①Activation of NF AT in PBMC in active and inactive SLE patients was increased when compared with normal controls,respectively,and the activation of NF AT in active patients was higher than that of inactive ones.②Elevated activation of AP 1 in PBMC in active SLE patients was found as compared with normal controls,and there was no significant difference in activation of AP 1 between inactive patients and normal control.③Activation of NF AT in SLE patients with positive anti dsDNA antibody was higher than that of patients with negative anti dsDNA antibody,and there was not different positively in AP 1 activation between above two patient groups.④Activation of NF AT in PBMC was related positively with CRP and SLEDAI,respectively,but no correlation with ESR,ANA,C 3.There was no relation between the activation of AP 1 and above clinical parameters.Conclusion:The abnormal expression of NF AT and AP 1 indicates disturbed intracellular signaling in SLE,which is suggested that alternations in activation of transcription factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE.Activation of NF AT may be used as a predicator of SLE disease activity.

AIM: To determine the expression of membrane-bound B lymphocyte stimulator((BLyS)) and its mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),and to investigate the effect of dexamethasone on(BLyS) expression.METHODS: PBMCs were obtained from 25 individuals with SLE(mean age of 31.40?14.23) and 20 female healthy volunteers(mean age of 28.20?10.36).They were randomized into dexamethasone((1 ?mol/L)) group and media group.PBMCs were gathered at 0,6,12 and 24 h for(BLyS) mRNA assessment using reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR).PBMCs were also collected at 72 h for membrane-bound(BLyS) protein detection using flow cytometry(FACS) and direct immunofluorescence.RESULTS:(1) The expression of(BLyS) mRNA and membrane-bound protein were significantly higher in PBMCs from individuals with SLE than that in PBMCs from healthy controls(0.40?0.18 vs 0.27?0.20,P

Objective To study the impact of Chitosan Lecithin on the mild cognitive impairment(MCI) patients' semantic understanding by event-related potential N400.Methods 32 patients with MCI were screened from 500 elder people aged Court in Weifang by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale,and were divided into two groups:the observation group ( n=16) and the control group ( n=16) by the table of random numbers.The observation group were given Chitosan Lecithin while the control group were given an equal dose of placebo.The intervention time was 2 months.The subjects were asked to conduct semantic judgement by semantic violation experiment.Thirty-two channels electroencephalogram(EEG) was recorded by Neuroacan Nuamps Systerm and analyzed data.Results 1 ) Specific component N400 was found in both groups,which was distributed at the frontal,central and parietal regions.2 ) The observation group reaction time and correct rate were respectively (965.13 ± 178.07 ) ms and ( 92.56 ± 2.36 ) ％ ,while the control group were respectively ( 1126.13 ± 252.77 ) ms and (85.28 ± 5.73 )％,with significant difference(P ＜ 0.05 ).3 ) Compared with N400 in control group,N400 latency was shorter ( (425.28 ±47.26) ms vs (456.19 ± 37.75 ) ms,F=6.01,P＜0.05) and amplitude was higher ( (4.79 ±2.18)μV vs (3.59 ± 1.33) pV,F=5.96,P＜0.05).Conclusion Chitosan lecithin has the effect of N400 latency and amplitude,it may be helpful for the patients of MCI in semantic understanding.

AIM: To examine whether Akt signal pathway proteins, including Akt, NF-?B and I?B?, are activated in kidney tissue of murine chronic graft-versus -host disease (GvHD) lupus nephritis in vivo , and whether prednisone suppres ses activation of them. METHODS: Akt activity and phosphorylated I?B? were detected by Weste rn-blot. Activation of NF-?B was detected by electropheretic mobilit y shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS: Activity of Akt, NF-?B and phosp horylated I?B ? were significantly increased in kidney tissue of murine chronic graft-versus -ho st disease (GvHD) in 8th week and 12th week after monocell injection, respective ly. However, they were no significant elevation in 16th week, when compared with controls. Prednisone treatment significantly prevented the increase in serum an ti-dsDNA antibody level, urinary protein excretion and glomerular cell prolif eration in GvHD mice, indicating the beneficial effects of prednisone on t his model. Prednisone also significantly suppressed the increase in the activities o f glomerular Akt, NF-?B and phosphorylated I?B?. CONCLUSION: T his study provides t he first evidence of marked increase in glomerular Akt-NF-?B signal pathway act ivities in murine chronic graft-versus-host disease lupus nephritis. The benefic ial effect of prednisone on this lupus nephritis model may be partially mediated by the suppression of abnormal Akt- NF-?B activation.