Objective To evaluate the clustered characteristics of the components of metabolic syndrome. Methods 483 subjects (242 men, 241 women, aged 53±12 years ) in Beijing area underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for screening of diabetes.203 subjects were diagnosed as diabetes through OGTT.Factor analysis was performed using the variables of insulin/blood glucose, total cholesterol (CHO), LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference. Results Five factors, including obesity, insulin resistance/hyperglycemia, CHO/LDL-C, dyslipidemia (elevated TG and decreased HDL) and hypertension, could explain 72.2% of total variance.The most important component was obesity, which could explain 29.8% of total variance.The obesity factor was associated with dyslipidemia factor through C-reactive protein (CRP).Dyslipidemia factor also associated with insulin resistance/hyperglycemia factor.Hypertension factor and CHO/LDL-C factor were isolated from other factors. Conclusions Obesity factor is the most important component of metabolic syndrome.The pathophysiologic mechanism of metabolic syndrome is complex.Insulin resistance alone could not explain all features of the metabolic syndrome.Its pathophysiology maybe include the factors of obesity, insulin resistance and inflammatory reaction.

Objective To make out the effective method of emergency materials management. Methods According to the native regular emergency diseases and the orders of superior section make out a general method for emergency materials management. Results This general management method can effective solve the problems which have existed in the aspect of emergency materials management. Conclusion By using general management method could advance the quality of first aid.

The elimination of Oncomelania hupensis snails is important to schistosomiasis control. Recently,the application of molluscicidal organisms is considered as a safe and efficient method for snail elimination. In order to provide scientific evi?dences for effective control of O. hupensis and schistosomiasis,this paper summarizes the researches of molluscicidal microor?ganisms against O. hupensis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between umbilical cord blood tire mass measles antibody and maternal measles antibody degrees,in order to evaluate the crowd measles antibody level and provide scientific basis for lasting elimination of measles.Methods Collected 40 cases of healthy maternal venous blood and their paired cord blood,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of measles antibody.Results In the 1:200 level,mother blood and umbilical cord blood of measles antibody level were 11.29 ±4.81 and 12.76 ± 5.32,in the 1:800 level were 6.89 ±4.11 and 8.28 ± 4.91,both had correlation (r =0.575,0.618,P ＜0.05).Conclusions Measles antibody titers of maternal venous blood and paired cord blood are highly correlated.The results show that maternal measles antibodies could pass through the placenta to the daughter,and measles antibody titers detected in umbilical cord blood can be used not only to assess the maternal measles antibodies level,but also can be used as a predictor of measles antibody levels for newborns and young children.

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease which is socioeconomically devastating and a significant cause of morbidity in endemic countries or regions. Some countries and regions have brought down the prevalence of schistosomiasis through positive prevention and control programs. However in the past few years with the social and economic development and globalization re?emergence and spread of schistosomiasis led to a growing concern that new endemic areas may occur. This article analyzes the epidemiological situation and the strategies to control schistosomiasis in China and African countries.

Objective To develop a phenylketonuria (PKU) screening method based on a compact disk (CD) type microfluidic chip capable of generating reciprocating flow within the microchannels that facilitate rapid DNA hybridization. Methods This microfluidic device consists of a two-layer structure: a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) top layer containing 12 DNA hybridization microchannels, and a bottom glass layer with immobilized hydrogel conjugated DNA arrays. The DNA arrays included R243Q, V245V and the blank control probes. When the CD device was spun, the PCR products were driven into the hybridization channel by centrifugal force. When the rotation of the CD device was stopped, capillary force pulled the PCR products solution to flow back to the channel. After the on-chip hybridization, the hybridization signals were captured on a fluorescence microscope. The specificity, detection limitation and reproducibility of this device were evaluated. Thirty DNA samples from pregnant women with suspected PKU were detected by this device.Then the results were compared with DNA sequencing results. Results With the compact disk type microfluidic chip, the hybridization time could be reduced to 15 min, sample consume could be as low as 1. 5 μl and the detection limitation was 0. 7 ng/μl. With the chip based method, samples of PKU patients and healthy controls were detected and the results were consistent with DNA sequencing results. Five different batches of chips and five micro-channels of each chip were selected to test one PKU patients with V245V mutation. All the results were positive, indicating good reproducibility. Four cases of V245V mutation and 1 case of R243Q mutation were found in 30 suspected PKU carried pregnant women. Conclusion The compact disk microfluidic device has advantages of simple, rapid and highly sensitive, thus is well suited to PKU screening.

Objective To investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of Schistosoma infection of population and its risk factors in Eastern Dongting Lake area in 2012 and 2014,so as to provide the reference for formulating effective intervention mea-sures. Methods Junshan District was selected as a study field in Eastern Dongting Lake area. The method of spatial autocorre-lation analysis was applied to analyze the change of spatial distribution of Schistosoma infection in Junshan District in 2012 and 2014. The spatial regression model was fitted to detect the risk factors for human infection. Results The livestock infection rate in 2013 was lower than that in 2011. The average infection rate of schistosome was reduced to 0.55%in 2014. The spatial auto-correlation existed on the distribution of schistosomiasis in Junshan District in both 2012 and 2014 and 4 high incidence villages were identified. The results of the spatial error model showed that the prevalence of human infection was positively correlated with the infection rate of the livestock and the area of the susceptible environment in 2012. The spatial lag model showed that the prevalence of human schistosomiasis was positively correlated with the area of the susceptible environment ,but not with the in-fection rate of livestock. Conclusion The measures involving grazing prohibition and phasing out cattle and sheep are remark-ably effective and should continue on the basis of the current spatial distribution of schistosomiasis in this area.

Objective To investigate the menstruation status of reproductive age women of Han Nationality in Liaoning province. Methods From Apr. 2008 to Dec. 2008, 1611 women at age of 19-45 years from Shenyang, Yingkou, Benxi, Zhangwu were enrolled in this study according to epidemiologic cluster sampling method. The study was performed by questionnaire consisting of age of menarche, regularity of menstruatinn, menstrual cycle and dysmenorrhea, et al. Results In the survey of 1611 women, the average menarche age is 14.4 years old, there were significant difference on menarche between (14.2±1.5) years in women from city and (14.6±1.5) years in women from country (t=6. 58, P<0.01). The linear regression statistic method was used to analyze the relationship between age and menarehe age, the linear regression equation was gotten as Y=0. 074X+11. 855, which means 1 year increase was associated with decrease by 0.074 years in mennrche age approximately. About 86.34% (1391/1611) of women have normal and regular menstrual cycle at range of 21 to 35 days, while 11.05% (178/1611) of women have longer menstrual cycle(>35 days) and 2.61% (42/1611) of women have shorter menstrual cycle (<21 days). Of which 65.67% (1058/1611) women have regular menstrual cycle just after menarche, 94. 97% (1530/1611) of women would have regular menstruation in 2 years after menarche. The rate of dysmenorrhea was 42.09% (678/1611), of which 13.6% (92/678) women have high severe pelvic pain.Conclusion Our results suggested that the trend went toward younger ages of menarche,which was younger menarche age in women from city than country. About 95% women would have regular menstrual cycle within 2 years after menarcbe.

[Objective]To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2C19 gene in the elderly Chinese Han populations of Guangzhou,and compare the frequencies of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms in different populations,in order to provide accurate data for the appropriate prescription.[Methods]To detect the genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2C19 gene by the DNA microarray,and compare the frequencies of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms in Chinese Han populations from different areas and the different races.[Results]There were 2312 case samples in our study. The allele frequencies of CYP2C19*1,CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 were 64.27%,30.75%,and 4.98%,respectively. As the genotype,EM(*1/*1)was 41.44%(n=958),IM(*1/*2,*1/*3)was 45.67%(n=1056),and PM(*2/*2,*2/*3 and*3/*3)was 12.89%(n=298). The ratios of EM and IM in Chinese Han populations from different areas and all the subtypes of the CYP2C19 genotype in different minority were statistically significant. As the races,there were difference in all the subtypes of the CYP2C19 genotype when Asian populations were compared with white races(P<1304.64)and black races(P<0.01),which was also statistically significant.[Conclusions]The distributions of the CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms were significantly different in Chinese han populations and in different races,and the main subtypes of the CYP2C19 genotype in the elderly of Chinese han populations were IM and EM,which is beneficial for prescribing appropriate in the elderly populations.

Objective To understand the distribution of univalvia molluscs in Eastern Dongting lake area where the Oncome-lania hupensis is extinct,so as to explore the causes of extinction and to provide the evidence for formulating schistosomiasis con-trol strategy. Methods The univalvia molluscs of the Qianliang Lake district,Jianxin District and Junshan Park were investigat-ed in August of 2013. All the collected snails were classified and identified. The data were analyzed by using the method of Shapiro-Wilk normality test and non-parametric test. The ecological biodiversity differences from each district were compared by the biodi-versity indexes. Results The univalvia molluscs collected were from 6 species in 3 families in Gastropoda class,namely Oncome-lania hupensis Gredler in Pomatiopsidae family,Parafossarulus striatulus,Alocinma longicornis,Parafossarulus sinensis,Bithynia fuchsisana in Bithyniidae family,and one genus provisionally named Radix in Lymaneidae family. In Junshan Park ,a total of 4 553 snails were collected,among which 1 264 were Oncomelania snails. In Jianxin District,336 univalvia molluscs were collect-ed,and no Oncomelania snails were found. In Qianliang Lake district,there were only 7 Alocinma longicornis snails,2 Parafossa-rulus sinensis snails and 1 Parafossarulus striatulus snail collected. There were significant differences among the distributions of the samples from the three districts(χ2=166.225,P<0.01).The Simpson’s diversity indexes in Qianliang Lake area,Jianxin Dis- trict and Junshan Park were 0.402 8,0.718 6 and 0.678 8,respectively,and the Shannon-Wiener indexes of the 3 areas were 0.721 5,1.431 3 and 1.199 9,respectively. Conclusions With the extinction of Oncomelania snails,the species and quanti-ties of other snails become rare in Qianliang Lake area. Whether their causes are relevant is worth further studying.