OBJECTIVE: Estrogen has cardiovascular protective effects while its adverse effects restrain its application in the therapy and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. To find a more effective and safer estrogen replacement becomes a hotspot in cardiovascular pharmaceutical researches. This paper summarized the current research situation on the cardiovascular protective effects of phytoestrogen, soy isoflavone.DATA SOURCES: Relative articles between January 1993 and December 2001 were searched by computer on Medline with the searching words of "isoflavones, atherosclerosis, vasodilation" in English, the language limitation of the articles. Simultaneously, articles between January 1994 and February 2002 were searched by computer on Wangfang Database and Chinese Journal Full Text Database with the searching words of "isoflavones,artherosclerosis, vasodilation(Chinese charcters)" in Chinese, the language limitation of the articles.DATA SELECTION: Literatures with experiments including study group and control group were selected from the data through preliminary screening to eliminate obvious non-randomized experimental studies. The full texts of the residual literatures were searched afterwards for the further judgment of ranincluded in the study. Exclusive criteria: repetitive experimental studies.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 31 randomized or non-randomized experimental articles regarding the cardiovascular protective effects of soy isoflavone were collected, of which 26 experiments were in accordance with the inclusive criteria and the rest 5 articles were exclude due to repetition of same study.DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty-six experiments including clinical experiments and animal experiments, which employed in vivo or in vitro two experimental methods after the application of soy isoflavone to observe and evaluate its cardiovascular protective effects. The above two methods had its own merits and shortcomings, of which in vitro experiment was a more common method for the observation.CONCLUSION: There is no adequate evidence that can prove the definite effects of soy isoflavone on the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases in menopausal women, as well as its side effects. Researchers should do more researches on how to master the appropriate dose to make isoflavone reach effective blood concentration, and how to make the therapeutic effects become more beneficial.

The excitability of cerebral cortex will change after the onset of ischemic stroke.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can be used to regulate the excitability in cerebral hemisphere cortex and promote the motor function recovery in patients with ischemic stroke.Studies have shown that both the affected hemisphere low-frequency rTMS and the unaffected hemisphere high-frequency rTMS can promote the motor function recovery in patients with ischemic stroke.The former may be more effective than the

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Objective To study the expression of apolipoprotein H (ApoH) in childhood primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) and to discuss its role in PNS. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were performed to evaluate the expression of ApoH in renal tissues of 78 patients with PNS and 14 cases of normal controls. Serum albumin, serum lipid, proteinuria and urinary retinol binding protein (RBP) were tested before renal biopsy in all patients. Tubulointerstitial lesions were investigated. Results (l)There was positive expression of ApoH in renal tissues of PNS patients and normal controls,mainly in the proximal tubules by immunohistochemistry staining. ApoH mRNA was also shown in all renal tissues by RT-PCR. ApoH protein expression was positively correlaed with its mRNA expression(r=0.264, P 0.05) whereas these data displayed no significant difference between two groups. Above expression in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) and focal segmental glomersclerosis (FSGS) down-regulated significantly (3.30?0.28,2.82?0.36, and 10.13?3.09,10.12?1.02, respectively), as compared to those in MCNS,MN and the controls, P

Purpose To investigate the significance of u-PA and PAI-1 expression in various types ofglomerulonephritis. Methods The expression level of u-PA, PAI-1, type-Ⅳ collagen and PCNA positivenuclei in 120 cases of renal biopsies from patients with various types of glomerulonephritis were detected byimmunohistochemical method. Both the staining intensity of u-PA and PAI-1 in glomeruli were quantitativelyanalyzed by image analysis. Results The expression intensity of u-PA and PAI-1 was different in varoustypes of glomerulonephritis, which were significantly higher than that of the minor lesion group. Meanwhile,the intensity of PAI-1 stain was significantly higher than that of u-PA in various types of glomerulonephritis( P ＜ 0.05). The increase of u-PA expression was closely related to increase of type- Ⅳ collagen synthesis andhypercellularity in glomeruli(r = 0. 761 and 0. 811, P＜ 0.05), while the expression of PAI-1 was closelyrelated to the increase of Col-Ⅳ synthesis other than the cell proliferation in the glomeruli. ConclusionsThe over expression of u-PA and PAI-1 may play an important role in contributing to the pathogenesis anddevelopment of glomerulonephritis.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare bifonazole hollow effervescent suppository and establish its quality standard. METHODS: Bifonazole hollow effervescent suppository was prepared by hot-melting method, 38-type semisynthetic glyceride as the base material, NaHCO3 and citric acid as the effervescent agent, bifonazole as main ingredient. UV spectrophotometry was used for the content determination of bifonazole. RESULTS: The weight of prepared suppository was about 2.3 g and mean size of maximal foaming capacity were all above 8 mL. The linear range of bifonazole were 1.015～10.15 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9) with an average recovery of 99.74% (RSD=1.28%). CONCLUSION: The established preparation is simple, practical and up to the standard. The content determination method is precise and accurate.

Constipation is a major gastrointestinal complication after stroke.Its prevalence is from 22.9％ to 60％.It not only influences the quality of life of patients and restricts their social activities,but also causes poor outcomes.Poststroke constipation is associated with various factors,including the use of multiple drugs,dehydration,and inactivity.Its treatment strategies have based on the experiences and expert opinions.The available evidence suggests that nurse-led intervention may improve defecation process.

Objective To examine the expression of angiopoietin-like protein(ANGPTL)3 in kidneys from children with primary nephrotic syndrome. Methods Immunohistochemistry for ANGPTL3 was performed in kidney biopsies from patients with nephrotic syndrome or hematuria, including MCD (n=31), MN(n=6), FSGS (n=6), TBMN (n=10), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with mesangial proliferation (n=16). Normal renal tissue of 2 cases with nephrectomy for tumor were used as control. According to the episode, four groups were divided ("12 months"). The expression was quantitatively examined with IMS color image analysis system, using positive index (PI) as sediment degree of ANGPTL3 in glomeruli or tubules. Immunofluorescence for ANGPTL3 co-labeling with WT1 and perlecan was applied to show the distribution of ANGPTL3. Results (1) The PI levels of ANGPTL3 in glomeruli of MCD(7.49?1.96) and MN (6.27?0.98) were significantly higher than those of TBMN (0.02?0.001), FSGS (3.14?0.49) or normal control(0.02?0.001) respectively (all P

The 13 nm gold nanoparticles ( AuNPs ) were synthesized through the reduction of HAuCl4 by sodium citrate and the glutathione was assembled on the AuNPs. Under the experiment conditions, glutathione-modified AuNPs ( GSH-AuNPs ) with negative charge presented a wine red color owing to the electrostatic repulsion between nanoparticals. Upon the addition of neurogenin 3 ( ngn3 ) peptide, the aggregation of GSH-AuNPs was induced by ngn3 peptide under a certain concentration of salt. The color of AuNPs solution changed from red to blue as a function of the ngn3 peptide concentration. Thus, a rapid detection method for ngn3 peptide using GSH-AuNPs as colorimetric probe was established. The optimal experiment conditions were equilibrium time=10 min, pH=6. 0, CNaCl=100 mmol/L. Under the optimum conditions, the assay showed a linear response range of 20-300 μg/L for the peptide with a detection limit being 8 μg/L and exhibited excellent selectivity for ngn3 peptide.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference indexs for the quality evaluation of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul. METHODS:Croy-TEM was used to detect the morphology of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul,laser nano-particle size analyzer was used to deter-mine the particle size,polydispersity index(PDI)and the zeta potential;UPLC was used to determine the drug loading of its ac-tive ingredient glycyrrhetinic acid;placing 10 d in 30 ℃,then stability was detected. RESULTS:Prepared Glycyrrhetinic acid li-po-emul was clear outline,structural integrity,roundlike and arranged closely;the mean particle size was(245.2±4.29)nm,PDI was (0.054 ± 0.01) and the mean zeta potential was (-6.25 ± 0.54) mV;the average drug loading of glycyrrhetinic acid was (1.25±0.09)mg/mL;the sample with mass concentration of 0.82 mg/mL showed good stability in within 10 d. CONCLUSIONS:Particle size,zeta potential,drug loading and stability can be used as the evaluation index of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul.