Objective To investigate the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as hidden diabetes mellitus (HDM) and explore its clinical significance.Methods A total of 384 suspected patients with T2DM having underwent oral glucose tolerance test were enrolled in this study:216 cases of patients were T2DM (T2DM group),and 168 cases of patients were HDM (HDM group).T2DM patients were divided into single-vessel lesion group(122 cases),double-vessel lesion group(54 cases),and more-vessel lesion group(40 cases).Another 60 healthy person were as control group.The intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid was measured by ultrasonography.The level of serum HO-1 was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The serum level of HO-1 in control group,HDM group and T2DM group was (1.24 ± 0.53),(2.12 ± 0.84),(3.46 ± 1.23) μ g/L.The serum level of HO-1 in T2DM group was significantly higher than that in control group and HDM group (P ＜ 0.05),and in HDM group it was significantly higher than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the serum level of HO-1 and IMT of carotid among single-vessel lesion group,double-vessel lesion group,and more-vessel lesion group [(2.94 ± 1.14),(3.72 ± 1.36),(4.64 ± 1.58) μg/L and (1.21 ±0.16),(1.44 ± 0.20),(1.62 ± 0.27) mm] (P ＜ 0.05).The serum level of HO-1 and IMT of carotid in double-vessel lesion group was higher than that in single-vessel lesion group,and in more-vessel lesion group it was higher than that in double-vessel lesion group and single-vessel lesion group (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).The serum level of HO-1 was positively related with IMT of carotid (r =0.512,P ＜0.01).Conclusion The high-level expression of HO-1 is found in HDM and T2DM patients,which maybe play a key role in the early diagnosis of T2DM.

AIM: To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 in lens epithelial cells (LECs).METHODS: The cultured LECs were incubated with defferent concentrations of LPS for defferent times.The mRNA expression of TLR4 and CD14 in LECs were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: The mRNA expression of TLR4 in the LECs treated with LPS at concentrations of 50 μg/L, 100 μg/L, 200 μg/L, 500 μg/L or 1 000 μg/L was higher than that in the LECs without LPS treatment (P<0.01), respectively.The mRNA expression of TLR4 in the LECs incubated with 100 μg/L LPS for 24 h, 48 h or 72 h was higher than that in LECs without LPS treatment at same time points (P<0.01).The mRNA expression of CD14 in the LECs incubated with LPS at concentration of 100 μg/L for 24 h was also higher than that in the LECs without LPS treatment (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: LPS enhances the mRNA expression of TLR4 and CD14 in LECs, which may be related to intraocular response, as well as to the formation and development of after-cataract.

BACKGROUND: Bone mineral content(BMC) can be determined by many methods, which are different in detecting position, clinical significance and differentiation between normal group and people with osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE: To establish a normal BMC standard by observing lumbar BMC with quantitative computerized tomography(QCT) measurement in Shenzhen women, so as to provide basis for clinical prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in the region.DESIGN: Randomized controlled, observational and comparative study taking normal women as subjects.SETTING: Medical imaging department of a hospital at district level.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 120 women aged 30 to 69 years, who received physical examination in the Central Hospital of Longgang district in Shenzhen from September 2000 to March 2002, were enrolled in this study. They were divided into four groups: 30 - 39 age group, 40 - 49 age group, 50 - 59 age group and 60 - 69 age group with 30 in each.METHODS: Trabecular and cortical BMC of lumber bodies(L1-3) were measured with QCT software so as to establish a standard of normal BMC in Shenzhen women and compare it with that of other regions.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean BMC in Shenzhen women, and comparison with that of other regions at home and abroad.RESULTS: The results of QCT showed linear correlation between BMC and bone ash weight, which could be expressed by the following linear regression equation: ash weight =0. 92432 × BMC + 39. 0633. Lumbar BMC loss increased with age in Shenzhen perimenopausal women. The annual loss of spongy bone and compact bones was 1.38% and 0. 84%, respectively. BMC of women aged 50 to 59 years was[ (135.31 ± 18.36) mg/cm3], obviously higher than that of women in Changchun city, Beijing city and the United States [(120.21 ±37.40), (116.7 ±26.6), and(119.5 ±27.1) mg/cm3]( t = 2. 002, 3. 383, 3. 636, P ＜ 0.05 - 0. 01 ) . Moreover, BMC of women aged 30 to 39 years was also obviously higher than that of corresponding American women( t = 3.119, P ＜ 0.01 ). No significant difference was found in BMC among women of the other age groups in these regions( P ＞ 0. 05).CONCLUSION: This is the first time in our country to establish a standard of normal BMC in perimenopausal women with QCT measurement, which provides basis for early prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as well as evaluation of prognosis and fracture risk.

Objective To provide a dimension calculating method of metacarpal and phalange bones with individual character for surgery and prosthesis design.Methods 102 X-ray films of pairs of healthy adult hands(52 male and 50 female) were measured and a mathematical relation model were described.Another 30 hands were put in a practice for further research.All of the data were analyzed by SPSS software.Results It was found that 98.98% items were positive correlation and their correlations were significant(r=0.157 ~0.925,P

Objective To assess the accuracy of SIEMENS Osteo software.Methods The mineral content of 20 cadaver lumber bodies(L 1～L 5) was measured by quantitative CT,and compared with bone ash analysis.Results Mineral content and bone ash weight had a linear correlation,which could be expressed by followed regress equation:ash weight=0.92432?BMD+39.0633.The results with quantitative CT method were all lower than that with bone ash analysis (average lower 29.196 mg/cm 3).Conclusion There are some deviations for measuring bone mineral content with this software.The deviation is within the limit of the theory error of single energy quantitative CT.The result of the measurement shoud be accurate after proofread.

AIM: To investigate the effect of sodium ferulate on expression of apoptosis-related genes, bcl-2 and bax , in rat lens epithelial cells (LEC) injured by oxidation.METHODS: Eyes of SD rats were divided randomly into four groups: control group, hydrogen peroxide group (H 2O 2), pirenoxine sodium group (PS) and sodium ferulate group (SF). Eyes were excised and lenses were separated under operating microscope and sterilized condition. Lenses were incubated in CO 2 incubator for 24 h with 300 ?mol?L -1 H 2O 2 and with or rithout 5 mmol?L -1 SF. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein of LEC were measured and compared by tearing the LEC anterior capsule via immunohistochemical analysis.RESULTS: (1) There were Bcl-2 and Bax expression in normal lenses of SD rates, Bcl-2 expression was stronger than Bax. (2) Bcl-2 expression decreased and Bax expression increased markedly ( P

AIM: To investigate the effects of Schisandrin B (Sch B) on apoptosis of lens epithelial cells (LEC) treated with H 2O 2. METHODS: Eyes in SD rats were excised and lenses were separated under operating microscope in sterilized condition. Lenses were divided randomly into four groups with different treatment: control group, hydrogen peroxide group (H 2O 2), pirenoxine sodium group (PS) and schisandrin B group (Sch B). Lenses were incubated in CO 2 incubator for 24 h with 300 ?mol?L -1 H 2O 2 and with or without 0 5 mmol?L -1 Sch B. LEC aoptosis and apoptosis rate were measured by TUNEL method. Ultrastructure changes and apoptosis bodies of LEC were observed via transmitted electron microscope. RESULTS: (1) Apoptosis rate in H 2O 2 group (92.0?2.6) was significantly higher than that in control group (3.5?1.8). Apoptosis rate in Sch B group (13.8?3.27) was remarkably lower than that in H 2O 2 group and PS group. (2) Ultrastructure observation indicated that apoptosis cells occurred in most LEC in H 2O 2 group and the changes were severe presenting different stages. While a few apoptosis cells were observed in Sch B group, the changes were slight and most of them were in early and middle stages. CONCLUSION: These data indicated that Sch B significantly inhibited apoptosis of LEC during experimental oxidative injury, the effects were stronger than PS.

Objective To quantitatively study the features of cerebromspinal fluid(CSF)flow dynamies in normal sella region in MRI with phase-contrast method.Methods Seventeen healthy volunteers were studied.The CSF flow image in sella region was positioned at the middle sagittal T1WI or T2WI image.This pulse sequence used a encoding velocity of 20 cm/s.The waveforms were analyzed for the maximum flow velocity,flow volume rate and the change of the figures.From the velocity and area measurements on the cine images,mean CSF flow was calculated in millimeters per second and milliliters per cardiac cycle.Results The normal CSF flow of the sella region had two directions which was downward(caudal)flow during thesystolic period and upward(cranial)flow during the diastolic period of the cardiac cycle.The downward and upward peak flow velocity,mean downward and upward flow velocity and mean flow velocity was(1.44±0.99)cm/s,(302.71±248.15)ms,(1.16±0.64)cm/s,(331.00±225.38)ms,(0.49±0.39)cm/s.(0.67±0.44)cm/s,(0.54±O.30)cm/s,respectively.The downward and upward peak flow volume rate.mean downward and upward flow volume rate and mean flow volume rate was (0.014±0.009)ml/s.(0.012±0.006)ml/s,(0.047±0.041)ml/s,(0.053±0.003)ml/s,(0.005±0.003)ml/s,(0.034±0.031)ml/s,respectively.The mean cycle was(775.25±173.06)ms.Conclusion Phase-contrast method in MRI cine is a noninvasive method to study the CSF flow in physiological and pathological conditions for determining the pattern,direction,speed and quantity of the CSF flow.Therefore it is better than other invasive research modalities and has an important value in clinical application.

Objective To wmpare the differences of the mixing time and contamination rate between liquid and powder EN preparations. Methods 20 patients,receiving enteral nutrition for more than 6 days, were enrolled in. this study. They were randomized to receive either powder enteral diet (control group, n=10) or liquid enteral diet (study group, n=10). The mixing time was examed by stopwatch. The contamination rate was determined by culture of bacteria in the solution. Results 1. The mixing time of study group was significantly shorter than that of control group ( 18.9 ± 3.0 vs 106.0 ± 21.0 , P<0. 001). 2. The bacterial culture in both groups were negative before enteral feeding. There was no positive case in study group and only 2 positive eases in control group after infusion. However, there was no statistical difference between the two groups ( P=0.14). Conclusions Liquid form of enteral nutfitent was less time cost and no ease contaminated by enveriorment, but it is expensive. he ligurd preparation has more advantages than powdor one in mixing time and comtamination.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference indexs for the quality evaluation of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul. METHODS:Croy-TEM was used to detect the morphology of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul,laser nano-particle size analyzer was used to deter-mine the particle size,polydispersity index(PDI)and the zeta potential;UPLC was used to determine the drug loading of its ac-tive ingredient glycyrrhetinic acid;placing 10 d in 30 ℃,then stability was detected. RESULTS:Prepared Glycyrrhetinic acid li-po-emul was clear outline,structural integrity,roundlike and arranged closely;the mean particle size was(245.2±4.29)nm,PDI was (0.054 ± 0.01) and the mean zeta potential was (-6.25 ± 0.54) mV;the average drug loading of glycyrrhetinic acid was (1.25±0.09)mg/mL;the sample with mass concentration of 0.82 mg/mL showed good stability in within 10 d. CONCLUSIONS:Particle size,zeta potential,drug loading and stability can be used as the evaluation index of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul.